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Essay of hydrogen peroxide
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Hydrogen peroxide is an organic molecule only containing hydrogen and oxygen. The common name for hydrogen peroxide is hydrogen peroxide. The IUPAC ID name is dihydrogen dioxide. This molecule is pale blue but colorless in its purest form. Hydrogen peroxide occurs in nature very rarely. Hydrogen peroxide can occur in multiple states, such as, liquid, and gas. This compound is also odorless and can have a slightly acidic taste. The acidity of this compound ranges from a pH of 4.3-5.1 meaning this compound is a weak acid. The molecular and empirical formula is the same, which is H2O2. This was proven by Petre Melinkishcili. The structural formula is HOOH. The functional group in this compound is a peroxo group which is an oxygen attached to another oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest compound of peroxide anion. Yet hydrogen peroxide is much more stable than peroxide anion. …show more content…
It was originally used for rocket fuel. Thenard worked on this concept for many years. In 1888 the journal of American medical association published Messer work stating, "hydrogen peroxide was in rain water and the theory was that it was the way the earth sterilized itself". Then in 1894, Richard Wolffenstein extracted the hydrogen peroxide using a method called vacuum distillation. It was first discovered by burning barium salts to make barium peroxide. Barium peroxide is used for bleaching textiles. He realized that when you mixed barium peroxide with water it then
These applications include pesticide, herbicide, defoliating agent such as Agent Orange, cleaning agent and electrical insulation. Consequently, human exposure to dioxin is not a recent phenomenon and the dangers of dioxin are not unknown. Only in recent years, especially after the Vietnam War, has the media concentrated on the dangers and impact of dioxin. The physical effect of exposure to dioxin was first seen in skin diseases developed by chemical plant workers in 1895. Exposure to dioxin results in a type of skin disease like acne called "chloroacne," since its cause was initially and incorrectly linked to chlorine gas.
Nitrous Oxide gas was first discovered by English scientist in 1772 and was first published about in 1776. Through his experiments he discovered Nitrous oxide's analgesic effects in 1800. From 1800 to 1840, Nitrous was primarily used for recreation at traveling public shows, but in 1844-1845 Nitrous was recognized as having some medical use in dentistry. In the late 1800's William James published some accounts of his work with Nitrous Oxide and called its effects of "some metaphysical significance". Nitrous has remained popular throughout the 20th Century and is sold over the counter in small cartridges ("whippets") for making whipped cream and in large tanks for industrial and medical purposes.
To determine the effects of two environmental factors, temperature and pH, on the enzyme peroxidase, a spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of each reaction every twenty seconds for two minutes. The temperatures tested were 0°C, 23°C, 32°C, and 48°C; the pH levels tested were pH 3, pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9. The temperatures were kept constant by keeping the tubes at room temperature, or placing them in an ice bath, warmer, or a hot water bath. Peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, guaiacol and a pH buffer were mixed together to produce a reaction for both the temperature and pH experiments.
Hydrochloric acid is the clear colourless solutions of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, hydrochloric acid is also a highly corrosive substance and a strong mineral acid meaning they are formed from inorganic compounds, hydrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid meaning that it can only ionize one H+ ion. As a result hydrochloric acid can be used in a wide range of industrial practices such as removing rust from steel, ore processing, the production of corn syrup and making of PVC plastics. Hydrochloric acid is made using a very straight forward method which involves dissolving hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, releasing the H+ cation and Cl- anion. In this aqueous form the H+ ion joins water to form a hydronium ion (H3O+)
The purpose of this essay is to deal with the fact that chemical warfare should be brought back to modern warfare strategies. As Warren Rudman said, “And they will tell you unequivocally that if we have a chemical or biological attack or a nuclear attack anywhere in this country, they are unprepared to deal with it today, and that is of high urgency.” Rudman’s words are true in what they say and that we should do everything to counter-act his statement. Biological weapons are a key to outstanding success in war and therefore, I strongly suggest that chemical warfare is an effective and producible weapon tactic that can be used on today’s battlefield.
Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid which contains hydrogen atoms as well as two oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms are very strong oxidizing agents therefore in order to break this substrate down it must undergo oxidation. This can be done
Investigate the Effect of pH on Immobilised Yeast Cells on the Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide
The French were the first to start experimenting on chemical agents in 1912. They first used it on their people as riot control to capture criminals that who had robbed a bank. They used 26 millimeter grenades filled with chemical agents into the center of the group criminals they were attempting to apprehend. It was not said if it was effective but continued to look into using it for other means. However, the Germans at this time had not been interested in producing any kinds of chemical weapons.
Brief Summary: This article produced by Encyclopaedia Britannica helped further the understanding on what Hydrogen Peroxide is and what it is used for.
The major sites for the production of ammonia are the intestines, liver, and kidneys. It is biosynthesized through normal amino acid metabolism. The kidneys generate ammonia from glutamine by the actions of renal glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Ammonia is formed from urea by the action of bacterial urease in the lumen of the intestine, which is absorbed from the intestine by the portal vein. Amines obtained from diet and monoamines that serve as neurotransmitters or hormones can create ammonia by action of amine oxidase. In purine and pyrimidine catabolism, amino groups attached to the rings are released as ammonia.
Acid rain has been proven to have damage forests, fresh waters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms. It also causes damage to buildings and impacts on human health. Many people do not know what acid rain actually is. Acid rain is any form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, low pH levels, higher than normal amounts of sulfuric and nitric acid, occurs naturally and from man made sources. Forms when gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals (what is acid rain?). The only water that will not have some amount of acidity is pure water. Pure water has a pH of 7 which is neutral; regular, unpolluted rain water has a pH of around 5.6. The acidity in rain water comes from the presence of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, and Sulfur Dioxide. CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid. Nitrogen and water react during lightning storms, forming Nitric Oxide. NO is then oxidized to form N02. The NO2 reacts with water to form nitric acid. Due to this, the pH is lowered to be slightly acidic (Acid Rain). Acid rain can occur naturally in the environment, but the problem occurs when human interaction is the cause of the acidic levels.
Rain forms when water vapor condenses and falls, the more it condenses the more it falls. Some raindrops are not pure and are filled with other materials, this is known as acid rain. Acid rain is a huge problem all over the world. Acid rain is mixture of chemicals, like fossil fuels and the atmosphere, it then comes down as rain, snow, hail, and sleet. The burning of fossil fuels is the main cause of acid rain. When oil and coal are burned they create sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, and nitrogen dioxide. (" Acid Rain | US EPA") The mixture of all the chemicals and heavy winds blow the compounds across many borders.
Acid rain is becoming an increasing dilemma due to pollution made from erupting volcanoes, rotting vegetation, and most importantly, the burning of fossil fuels. It has been linked to the corruption of lakes and streams, a decrease in fish and wildlife populations, and human health risks. Not only does it endanger aquatic fish and wildlife but acid rain is also known for the destruction of man-made structures. This phenomenon is becoming a growing concern as the consequences of human pollution are being observed through it. Although the results of acid rain cannot be negated, there are precautions that can be taken in order to prevent further destruction of the environment.
The ph scale can be used to determine how strong an acid is. One meaning the acid is very strong and six meaning the acid is very weak. Some examples of acids are in the table below
For centuries, many scientists and researchers have pondered on the idea of combining two or more substances together to create something new. These explorations have led to the idea of what kind of reactions would occur when diverse elements are combined. This is a concept known as chemistry, a part of science that corresponds with how matter is created from different properties and the process it goes through to create a new substance. Chemistry is a scientific concept that is used in everyday life and is a crucial part in the development of new technology and substances that allow today’s quality of life. The use of chemistry branches off into many different routes, including medical related fields, agriculture, and even in weapons of