EEI Daniel Blinks YR. 11
Background –
Catalase are an enzyme that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide into H2O and O2. Catalase are a common enzyme that can be found in almost all living organisms such as potatoes. It is specifically found in the cells that are exposed to oxygen and can be in a plant or animal cell. [1]
The effect of heat above 400 on catalase will make them denature and the production of O2 will slowly decrease. However when the catalase are too cold the rate of O2 production will decrease as the particles cannot move very fast and will not collide with each other as much. [2]
hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2), a colourless liquid usually produced as aqueous solutions of various strengths, used principally for bleaching cotton and other textiles and wood pulp, in the manufacture of other chemicals, as a rocket propellant, and for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. Solutions containing more than about 8 percent hydrogen peroxide are corrosive to the skin. [3]
Hydrogen Peroxide decomposes into Oxygen and water [3]
Hydrogen Peroxide does not need the enzymes in the catalase to separate into Oxygen and Water. The catalase are only used to increase the rate of reaction.
Rationale –
To record the results of Oxygen created from decomposing Hydrogen peroxide with catalase that are either heated, cooled of left in room temperature.
Hypothesis –
Cold Potato: that when the potato is cooled to 2-5 degrees the production of oxygen will be slowed as the catalase in the potato will become less active due to the molecules getting less kinetic temperature from the heat.
Warm Potato: that when the potato is warmed but not heated over 35 degrees (due to high temperature will...
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...0k/docs/Catalase.html
Brief summary: This website explains what catalase are and where they can be found.
[2] Book –
Biosphere The Realm Of Life. Authors: Robert A. Wallace, Jack L.King , Gerald P.Sanders – 1998
Page 85 – The hotter catalase become the more denatured they become
Brief Summary: This source gives information telling the reader that when a catalase is heated it beyond 400 it will start to die and become unusable.
[3] Website - http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/278760/hydrogen-peroxide Brief Summary: This article produced by Encyclopaedia Britannica helped further the understanding on what Hydrogen Peroxide is and what it is used for.
Reliability: The website is reliable but can still have wrong information as it is wrote by different people (before publishing someone’s update to the website it is verified to be true or false)
In this experiment the enzyme peroxidase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide were not mixed initially, instead they were both placed in separate tubes and were incubated at a specific temperature, to prevent hydrogen peroxide from undergoing any reaction with peroxidase until they both acquire the required temperature.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the activity of the enzyme, catalase, through our understanding
In both solutions of catalase there is a steady increase in reaction relative to the hydrogen peroxide concentration as it increases. A significant jump is observed in the carrot catalase solution between .25% and .5% whereas the pinto bean catalase solution has a steady increase. Each solution doesn’t generate much more reaction to the next increment of hydrogen peroxide concentration, 1%. In general it stayed level. This continued to be a trend for the pinto bean catalase solution, plateauing through to the 6% concentration of hydrogen peroxide. This is known as the point of saturation.
Catecholase is an enzyme formed by catechol and oxygen used to interlock oxygen at relative settings, and it is present in plants and crustaceans (Sanyal et. al, 2014). For example, in most fruits and vegetables, the bruised or exposed area of the pant becomes brown due to the reaction of catechol becoming oxidized and oxygen becoming reduced by gaining hydrogen to form water, which then creates a chain that is is the structural backbone of dark melanoid pigments (Helms et al., 1998). However, not all fruits and plants darken at the same rate. This leads to question the enzymatic strength of catecholase and how nearby surroundings affect its activity. The catecholase enzyme has an optimal temperature of approximately 40°C (Helms et al., 1998). Anything above that level would denature the tertiary or primary structure of the protein and cause it to be inoperable. At low temperatures, enzymes have a slower catalyzing rate. Enzymes also function under optimal pH level or else they will also denature, so an average quantity of ions, not too high or low, present within a solution could determine the efficiency of an enzyme (Helms et al., 1998). Also, if more enzymes were added to the concentration, the solution would have a more active sites available for substrates and allow the reaction rate to increase if excess substrate is present (Helms et al., 1998). However, if more
Peroxidase activity’s optimum pH was found to be pH 5, since the absorbance rate was the highest at 0.3493. Little activity occurred at pH 3, but the absorbance of the reaction with pH 7 rose steadily to 0.99. The rate of absorbance for peroxidase with pH 9 was 0.0097; pH 9 is incapable of accelerating enzyme activity. This suggests that an alkaline pH is inferior to an acidic pH in increasing peroxidase activity, and that the higher the pH level, the poorer the pH boosts the reaction. A highly acidic pH also reduces
This happens when the temperature is too high; the process is called “denaturing”. When an enzyme reaches a certain temperature, it will have so much energy that it is de-shaped; it is “denatured”. This diagram shows how a denatured enzyme will not work: [IMAGE] The enzymes will hardly work at very low temperatures (they wont be
The Effect of Temperature on the Action of Peroxidase Enzyme Aim To find the effect of temperature on an enzyme in this case peroxidase, by studying it decomposing hydrogen peroxide. Planning I am measuring the amount of gas given off in the reaction. By collecting this figure I can determine the rate of reaction. If I know the rate of reaction I can find out what temperature peroxidase works best at. Equipment · Trough · Clamp · 100ml measuring cylinder · Stop clock · 10ml measuring cylinder · Delivery tubes · Bung · Conical flask Variables Change
The Effect of pH on the Activity of Catalase Planning Experimental Work Secondary Resources Catalase is a type of enzyme found in different types of foods such as potatoes, apples and livers. It speeds up the disintegration of hydrogen peroxide into water because of the molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but it remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.
Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid which contains hydrogen atoms as well as two oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms are very strong oxidizing agents therefore in order to break this substrate down it must undergo oxidation. This can be done
Measuring The Rate Of Osmosis In Potato Cells Skill Area P. Osmosis is defined as free water molecules diffusing from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Variables - The rate of osmosis effected by many different living things, temperature of the solutions, surface area over which it can occur, Volume of solution, Volume of potato, distance through which the free water molecules have to pass and finally the difference in concentration of the solutions. This final factor is the one that we are going to test during the experiment. The temperature increase causes the cells to expand so the whole potato expands. Different volumes of potatoes at different temperatures could be measured, however trying to measure the temperature of a potato effectively without causing defects in other results would be quite hard with the equipment we are using.
Hypothesis: If a test tube filled with 3% hydrogen peroxide and catalase solution, the room temperature will increase the activity. Freezer, refrigerator, and boiling water will have
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Introduction: The catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide (H²0²), a vigorous reaction occurs and oxygen gas is evolved. This experiment investigates the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme works by measuring the amount of oxygen evolved over a period of time. The experiment was carried out varying the temperature and recording the results. It was then repeated but we removed the catalase (potato) and added Lead Nitrate in its place, we again tested this experiment at two different temperatures and recorded the results. Once all the experiments were calculated, comparisons against two other groups were recorded.
How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells Introduction Enzymes are made of proteins and they speed up reactions, this means that they act as catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of our cell's activities and is very toxic. The enzymes in our bodies break down the hydrogen peroxide at certain temperatures they work best at body temperature, which is approximately 37 degrees. At high temperatures, the cells begin to denature. This means that the hydrogen peroxide is prevented from being broken down because they will not 'fit' into the enzyme.[IMAGE] Objective I am going to find out how the concentration of the substrate, hydrogen peroxide affects the reaction in the catalase inside the potato cells.
Louis Jacque Thenard discovered hydrogen peroxide in 1818. Hydrogen peroxide is a common compound that people use in their everyday lives. It is a strong oxidizing agent and a weak acid. Hydroxide peroxide does not come in 100% concentrations, however, it mostly comes in concentrations of three percent, ten percent and thirty-five percent. The concentrations vary anywhere from 3% - 90%. The chemical formula is similar to the formula of water however, it has an extra oxygen atom. Its formula is H2O2. It is also known as HO-OH, dihydrogen peroxide, Hioxy and Proxy. This compound is a molecular compound as it contains two elements that are non-metals. Hydrogen peroxide has covalent bonds because unlike ionic compounds that transfer electrons, they share their electrons in order to receive a full outer shell of eight electrons.
It is clear that hydrogen peroxides extra oxygen atom results in many more beneficial uses, especially in boosting plant growth, than water has. Not only is the use of hydrogen peroxide effective, it is also very cheap and environmentally friendly as there are no gases omitted by the chemical. The majority of the sources are centred around a main idea which is how hydrogen peroxide aids in better plant growth and can be used, not only to water the plants with, but also to get rid of unwanted infections and pests that have taken over healthy plants. All of the sources conclude with the fact that hydrogen peroxide is more useful and beneficial than water as water can cause water logging resulting in root rot, whereas hydrogen peroxide does the opposite and aerates the roots in the