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Characteristics of the pre colonial period of Philippine literature
Philippine history:chapter2
Characteristics of the pre colonial period of Philippine literature
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ANDREW PERSEUS CHENG
Many people believe that Filipinos are people with a rich background in history and this, therefore, makes us rich in culture as well. But based on the 1988 article by Renato Rosaldo, the Filipinos of today can be considered as “people without culture.” A brief background on culture would make the assumption that all human conduct is culturally arbitrated, and thus this differs from nation to nation. In the case of the Philippines, the development of culture can be traced into certain stages, which are pre-cultural, cultural, and post-cultural. Before divulging into each stage however, it is important to give a foundation or a background with regards to the basic characteristics of culture.
One critical characteristic of culture is that it is learned. Culture is not biological nor is it inherited. It is also different from region to region, which means that the culture we have is a product of the environment that we live in. Another characteristic is that culture
The Negritos are idealized as nomadic tribes with customs, beliefs, and rituals of their own. This makes them isolated and different from others, and as a result, they are forced to live in tribes in the marginal lands of the Philippines. Based on the basic characteristics of culture, they are, in retrospect, people with culture. But since they are hunter-gatherers, they are considered in a “pseudo-evolutionary ladder” as people without culture. (Rosaldo, 1988). They are regarded as uncivilized and uneducated, isolated and marginalized, therefore they become a lower class in the social hierarchy. From the pre-cultural stage, the people of the Philippines encountered the Spanish colonial era. With this, they introduced a different form of religion, social hierarchies, and rules. Thus began the cultural stage of the Filipinos. With this stage, we can relate the basic characteristics of
Theme three focuses on the Filipinos use of culture as a resistance or domination. In this context, Filipino culture and tradition is used as a method of maintain Filipino identity while resisting assimilation into the concept of ‘whiteness’. Specifically speaking, Filipino culture is used as a tool to point out the flaws they see in American culture. Additionally, it is a tool they use to steer their children away from the temptation of acting in a way that American culture is said to act; that is,
As the author in Chapter 9: Culture and Education mentioned, “culture is not a given, but a human creation”. Culture can change over time through human activities. People interact with people from other cultural groups to share their own languages, skills. Therefore, we, as a value, have the ability to be producers of culture. However, Nieto considered culture can be influenced by social and political elements.
Marcus Garvey said, “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.” (Vinod, 2013, p. 358). According to (Cole, 1986) Culture is “a people’s patterns of behavior; the totality of values, ideas and means by which a people deals with its geographical, social, political and economic environment” It is considered as way of life adopted and exercised over a given period of time some bordering to centuries. Different communities have different cultures which are essential in assigning each of these communities an identity. With globalization and modern trends, cultures have been shared among countries leading to determination of newer cultural practices corresponding to the society in question. Cultures give rise to behaviorism and inform the social relations among people and countries. Cultural pundits have argued that the Bahamian culture and the American culture are highly similar and related in terms of dialects, beliefs and values. However, major differences in language, religion and traditions show that the Bahamian and American cultures are more different than many people believe.
The concept culture have some difficult meanings. One of them is culture as in music, preforming, theatre and so. The other meaning of it is culture as in Peoples Identity. It tells something about who you are, where you come from, and what you believe in, in this way, we can see that People have different culture and its all about where you live and where you have been raised.
The Filipino American culture is prevalent in the United States as it’s the second largest cultural minority. Discussed in this section are immigration, family structure including roles of men & women, and religious factors impacting the lifestyles of Filipino Americans. Bautista (2014) states “Many Filipino Americans may look Asian American; however, their views on culture and traditions are not the same, insofar as influences derive mostly from Spain and the United States” (p.20).
The Polynesian peoples have a lifestyle quite different than that of any other culture, as living on an island requires a level of flexible adaptability in order to cope with such a different, sometimes difficult environment. We see the way diverse cultures build their lives around their circumstances and how they respect them in their cultural myths and stories. The Polynesian legends emphasize the physical environment that they live in. They are quite different than any other region in the world, but the beauty and individuality of the Polynesian culture is prominent as seen in their mythology.
This book serves to teach readers about the varieties of cultures, social
Ruth Benedict’s anthropological book, Patterns of Culture explores the dualism of culture and personality. Benedict studies different cultures such as the Zuni tribe and the Dobu Indians. Each culture she finds is so different and distinctive in relation to the norm of our society. Each difference is what makes it unique. Benedict compares the likenesses of culture and individuality, “A culture, like an individual, is a more or less consistent pattern of thought or action” (46), but note, they are not the same by use of the word, “like.” Benedict is saying that figuratively, cultures are like personalities. Culture and individuality are intertwined and dependent upon each other for survival.
Vietnamese Americans experience two cultures making them diverse from the Western society. The Vietnamese American are combined with traditions from the homeland Vietnamese culture and are introduced to the cultures in the Western society. The second-generation Vietnamese Americans are more likely to adapt to the American culture and overlook the traditions of the Vietnamese culture. The second-generation Vietnamese Americans are a result of the refugees from the Vietnam War, often a soldier and Vietnamese woman. These family are likely to experience low socioeconomic status because of the inability to effectively communicate with in Western society. This is generation has a direction reflection of the Vietnamese culture. The second-generation
With this paper I wanted to focus on psychological aspects that had to do with a different side of the culture. There are three key aspect of information from the c...
The thoughts expressed in this article can be related to a lot of events throughout history. The thesis of this article is that Western culture in itself is a unique and diverse culture, but it is not, nor will it ever be, the culture of the rest of the world. Two theories are introduced, the Coca-colonization theory and the modernization theory. However, the Coca-colonization theory is disreputated as the true meaning of culture revolves around religion, language, societal customs, and moral values.
In the introduction to “The Pure Products Go Crazy,” James Clifford offers a poem by William Carlos Williams about a housekeeper of his named Elsie. This girl is of mixed blood, with a divided common ancestry, and no real collective roots to trace. Williams begins to make the observation that this is the direction that the world is moving in, as Clifford puts it—“an inevitable momentum.” Clifford believes in that, “in an interconnected world, one is always to varying degrees, ‘inauthentic.’” In making this statement, Clifford is perhaps only partially accurate. In the western hemisphere, where Williams was located, perhaps it can be said directly that the influence of modern society has attributed to the lack of general ancestry, as one culture after another has blended with the next. Perhaps it can be said as well that, as Clifford puts it, “there seem no distant places left on the planet where the presence of ‘modern’ products, media, and power cannot be felt” (Clifford, 14). The intention of this paper is to contend first that there is essentially such a thing as “pure” culture, and contrary to Clifford’s belief, that there are “pure” unblended cultures that remain (while not altogether untouched by foreign influence), natural within themselves. It will be argued as well that the influence of modern society does not necessarily lead to a loss of cultural soundness itself, but rather that a presence of certain cultural practices within the respective cultures has attributed to the lasting “purity” of certain cultures. In this case, we will be discussing the cultures that exist in Haiti and Bali.
Anthropologists define the term culture in a variety of ways, but there are certain shared features of the definition that virtually all anthropologists agree on. Culture is a shared, socially transmitted knowledge and behavior. The key features of this definition of culture are as follows. 1) Culture is shared among the members of that particular society or group. Thus, people share a common cultural identity, meaning that they recognize themselves and their culture's traditions as distinct from other people and other traditions. 2) Culture is socially transmitted from others while growing up in a certain environment, group, or society. The transmission of cultural knowledge to the next generation by means of social learning is referred to as enculturation or socialization. 3) Culture profoundly affects the knowledge, actions, and feelings of the people in that particular society or group. This concept is often referred to as cultural knowledge that leads to behavior that is meaningful to others and adaptive to the natural and social environment of that particular culture.
Samoa is constituted of a group of islands located in the southern Pacific Ocean only a few miles away from the American island of Hawaii and New Zealand. In total, Samoa covers about 2,934 Square kilometres of land (Palenapa, 1993). The majority of Samoans live in these islands. Millions of others, however, live in other countries such as Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America among others. Although no culture can be said to be superior to the rest, the Samoan culture is one of the most prestigious ones in the world. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the Samoan culture. The analysis covers a wide array of cultural aspects, including foods, language, religion, social systems, etc. The primary aim of this
The Philippine War of 1899, was opposed by many Americans and was fought for three years, resulting in tons of deaths and U.S taking over Philippine Island. As an annexation of Philippine was important for U.S economy, I believe that there were other ways to take over the Philippine Island rather than a War.