Electrolysis of Copper in Copper Sulphate Solution
Introduction
Aim
This is an investigation into how temperature affects the amount of
copper lost from the Anode and gained on the Cathode during
electrolysis.
Electrolysis is…
The chemical change by passing electric charge through certain
conducting liquids (electrolytes). The current is conducted by
migration of ions - negative ones from the Anode (positive electrode),
and positive ones to the Cathode (negative electrode). Reactions take
place at the electrodes by transfer of electrons in the direction of
the current.
In this case, copper electrodes in a copper sulphate solution are
used.
In the electrolysis of copper, copper atoms in the Anode become copper
ions by losing electrons which go into the circuit.
Cu - 2e à Cu
The positive ions are attracted to the negative Cathode but only
copper ions are discharged.
Cu - 2e à Cu
So this electrode gets coated with copper.
Diagram
[IMAGE]
Also attached to this circuit will be a variable resistor. An ammeter,
placed in the circuit, will register the flow of current: from this
indication, the electric circuit can be deduced to be complete.Also, a
stopwatch will be used.
The 'cell' is a power pack.
Variables
The variables in this experiment are:
· The electrodes
· Resistance
· The electrolyte
· Temperature
· Position of the electrodes (Distance between)
· Time
Only the size of the electrodes and times are being investigated,
therefore in order for this to be a fair test, the other factors must
be kept constant.
The same CuSO will be used throughout, so the concentration is the
same, and the same spacing between electrodes will be used. The size
of the electrodes should be the same, but they will be reused, so the
size will change from one experiment to another.
Time intervals of 5 minutes for each experiment will be used, until it
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