Introduction Statement of Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects, if any, that freezing Gatorade has on its conductivity. Background Research: In order to better understand this experiment, one must first have a clear understanding of several underlying concepts. First, one must be aware of the ingredients and properties of Gatorade. Secondly, one must understand what an electrolyte is and its biological significance. Thirdly, one must be familiar with the general idea of conductivity. Finally, one must understand how freezing a substance affects its properties at a molecular level. Once a basic understanding of the aforementioned concepts is obtained one will be able to adequately conduct the experiment and …show more content…
analyze the results. In order to better understand the greater affects of Gatorade, one must first identify the basic ingredients.
Gatorade is made up of filtered water, brominated vegetable oil, sucralose or high fructose corn syrup, citric acid, salt, sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, Glycerol ester, and artificial colors (Buckines, 2015). The first ingredient is simply water. The brominated vegetable oil comes from soybeans and is added to beverages to maintain consistency. Sucralose is an artificial sweetener that doesn’t have calories and is used in some sugar free varieties of Gatorade. However, the traditional Gatorade beverage uses high fructose corn syrup to give the drink its sweet taste. The citric acid is used to enhance the beverage’s flavor and as a preservative. Salt is added as an electrolyte to regulate internal bodily fluids. Sodium citrate enhances the Gatorade’s flavor and keeps the ingredients stable. Additionally, sodium citrate can be classified as an electrolyte. The monopotassium phosphate is where the bulk of Gatorade’s electrolytes come from. Phosphate is one of the most common electrolytes. The glycerol ester is added to maintain the drink’s consistency and to prevent oil separation within the beverage (Buckines, 2015). Now that a foundation of Gatorade’s ingredients has been established, one can proceed to evaluate the further …show more content…
concepts. The first concept is electrolytes. Electrolytes are minerals found in the blood and body that carry an electric charge (Martin, 2015). Some of the most common electrolytes include sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and chloride (WHO, 2015). These crucial minerals have various affects on the body. For example, electrolytes control the amount of water in one’s body, the acidity of one’s blood, and one’s muscle functions (Martin, 2015). Electrolytes are also important for proper maintenance of one’s digestive, nervous, cardiac, and muscular systems (Born, 2016). For people in general, specifically athletes, a lack of sufficient electrolytes makes one more prone to frequent cramping and muscle pains (Born, 2016). Electrolytes are depleted through sweat and must be replenished in order to maintain stable body functions. The easiest way to replenish lost electrolytes is by consuming a beverage. Sports drinks such as Gatorade advertise that they are a great source of electrolytes, and in this experiment the researcher will observe how the electrolytic content is affected by the freezing of the beverage. Now that one has obtained a fuller understanding of electrolytes the next concept can be addressed. Conductivity is the degree to which a material conducts electricity (Webster, 2016). This measure is often expressed in Siemens; however, due to the relatively low conductivity in this experiment milisiemens will likely be the most appropriate unit (Lenntech, 2016). Essentially, since electrolytes carry a charge, one can evaluate a beverage’s electrolytic content by analyzing the beverages conductivity. In order to accurately do this one must first create a conductance sensor to run an electric charge through the liquid in order to measure the current and thus allow the researcher to calculate the conductivity through a formula. Having established a very basic understanding of conductivity, one can now move onto the next concept. When a beverage is frozen it changes from a liquid to a solid.
This physical change can easily be observed, however a deeper understanding of what occurs at a molecular level is needed. As a substance cools and freezes molecular motion is slowed and a rigid molecular pattern is formed. In respect to beverages containing lots of electrolytes, the minerals in the beverage may rise to the top when frozen (Buckines, 2015). This may lead to a concentration of minerals at the top of the beverage, which may be unhealthy if consumed. This concentration of minerals contains not only most of the beverage’s electrolytes, but also the beverage’s flavor giving substances. When the frozen Gatorade is thawed it usually lacks some of its flavor because of the separation that occurred. Thus, freezing Gatorade merely concentrates the electrolytes in the beverage, but does not change the total amounts of electrolytes. In this experiment the researcher will create a simple conductance sensor by using a battery to run a charge through the liquid. The researcher also intends to use an electrical multi-meter to find the current and then subsequently find the conductivity through the use of a formula. The researcher will determine the conductivity of the Gatorade before and after freezing to determine of being frozen had an effect on the Gatorade’s
conductivity. Hypothesis: If Gatorade is frozen and then thawed, its conductivity will decrease.
Solid A was identified to be sodium chloride, solid B was identified to be sucrose, and Solid C was identified to be corn starch. Within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there are results that distinguishes itself from the other 4 experimental results within each test. Such as: the high conductivity and high melting point of sodium chloride, and the iodine reaction of corn starch. Solid A is an ionic compound due to its high melting point and high electrical conductivity (7), within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there is only one ionic compound which is sodium chloride, with the test results of Solid A, it can be concluded that is a sodium chloride. Solid B was identified as sucrose due to its low electrical
Experimental Summary: First, my partner and I put the marshmallow and cheese puff on T-pins and used the Electronic Balance to measure the mass of each of them. Next, we put 100 mL of water in the 100 mL Graduated Cylinder and poured it into the 12 oz. soda can. We measured the temperature of the water with the thermometer. After
It has long been established that both short and long-term exercise increase metabolic rate and heat production. This naturally predisposes participants to dehydration. Typical symptoms of dehydration include elevated temperature, fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to sweating, and loss of critical nutrients, such as glycogen (depleted via metabolic pathways). Many individuals participating in moderate to rigorous training schedules may engage in daily exercise, if not multiple exercise routines in one day (3,4,5,6). It then follows that the goal for these individuals should be avoidance of dehydration and maximization of rehydration through maintenance of electrolyte balance, replenishment of muscle glycogen, and plasma osmolality. Thus, examination of a fluid’s efficacy in these three areas is crucial. Through extensive research, it is evident that Gatorade will rehydrate faster and more effectively than water.
In order for the reaction to occur properly, the bicarbonate ions must react with the hydrogen ions in perfect synchrony. This is where the effect of water temperature comes in: the higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move, and the lower the temperature, the slower they move. (Higher water temperatures would increase the likelihood of the bicarbonate and the hydrogen ions coming into contact with each other in accordance, which would in turn cause the Alka Seltzer to dissolve
...ble in a Gatorade bottle but these are the most important ones. The most chemistry that is present in sports drinks and in this case, Gatorade, is seen through the electrolytes. In a nutshell electrolytes are substances that are soluble in water and after being completely dissolved, they give ions. Our body consists of Cation and Anion electrolytes which are nutritionally referred to as Macrominerals. As stated before the balance level of electrolytes is every crucial for the human body, and if imbalanced the person can have serious and life threatening issues. But the only way to restore our electrolytes level is by consuming these sports drinks, so this is the main reason as for why even though the sports drinks have some negative aspects to them they are one of the cheapest and easiest ways a person can get the required electrolytes for their body.
An Investigation Into How the Thickness of Insulation Affects the Time a Drink Takes to Cool Down
...ction correctly. To help replace the electrolytes that are sweated out, Gatorade's recipe includes a carefully balanced mixture of these same electrolytes to keep the body hydrated and working properly. This is essential in environments where the body is pushed to its limits athletically.
Gatorade and Powerade are two common sports drinks. Many people wonder which drink is healthier. Gatorade and Powerade have the same number of calories and sugars. But the type of sugar used in each drink differs. Gatorade uses sucrose, also known as table sugar. On the other
Executive Summary: Gatorade was first formed in the 1960's in Florida. The doctors of the University of Florida noticed that their football players where severely dehydrated in turn the players lacked the performance of the field. After several tests the doctors came up with a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage that kept the players hydrated since water was not doing the trick. After noticing dramatic success in their teams' record in football, players and coaches wanted Gatorade to be on their sidelines each and every game. After the success in college sports, the Gatorade Company was on the sidelines helping professional athletes such as Michael Jordan. Players from the NBA, NFL and even NASCAR have all chosen to drink Gatorade. Gatorade even took the worldwide stage by introducing the brand to China, Colombia, the Middle East, South Africa and another 75 more countries. Even after all this success and 35 years in business, Gatorade keeps their focus on pro-players, amateur athletes, or anyone else.
Methodology: A plastic cup was filled half way with crushed ice and mixed with four spoonfuls of 5 mL of sodium chloride. A thermometer was quickly placed inside the cup to take the temperature and the
Ever since 1965 Gatorade has been one of the top selling energy drinks in America. Gatorade has come a long way since its start and is now the official drink of several professional sport leagues. The company brings in over three billion dollars worth of revenue every year mostly due to their skill in advertising which is a crucial part of a company of such magnitude and Gatorade is known for their persuasive commercials. In the commercial chosen, several stellar professional athletes give the viewers details of some of their greatest failures. This caused each of them to work harder and become the athlete they are today by training harder and making them more determined. The Gatorade commercial that was chosen is a very effective ad because
Gatorade was invented 1965 by a group of scientists at the University of Florida College of Medicine. That also includes Robert Cade, Dana Shires, Harry James Fee and Alejandro de Quesada. They invented Gatorade to replace the electrolytes and carbs, while keeping them hydrated, that the athletes were losing through physical activity. The earliest mixture/version of gatorade where water, sodium, sugar, potassium, phosphate and lemon juice. And gatorade is made out of now water, sucrose, dextrose, citric acid, natural flavor, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, and flavoring/coloring ingredients; some Gatorade flavor variations use brominated vegetable oil as a stabilizer. The today’s version has changed from the early version. They have added dextrose, citric acid, natural flavor, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, and some have brominated vegetable oil as a stabilizer.
In a 100ml beaker 30mls of water was placed the temperature of the water was recorded. 1 teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate was added to the water and stirred until dissolved. The temperature was then recorded again. This was to see the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature.
Being the inventor of sports drink, Gatorade’s assumption about its customer is very clear. Its aim is to provide rehydration and replenishment to athletes and people with an active lifestyle. Every athlete and sportsperson lose important nutrients while performing physical activities and requires water, electrolytes, carbohydrates and vitamins to keep themselves rehydrated. Gatorade positions itself very well here.
In this experiment the Sodium Hydroxide solution went through three different phases where its quality and quantity changed. The first phase was called I. Preparing Approximately 0.1M NaOH, 1000mL of clear distilled water was boiled and then chilled to room temp.