Effect of Burning Fossil Fuels on Limestone Buildings
Introduction
Some buildings around cities are made from Limestone. For example the
Minster in York. Over the years some features of the building have
been warn away, this is due to acid rain.
Acid rain has many other effects on life around us. It Also:
* Acidifies Lakes and ponds
* Metal ions being washed out of soil
* Damage to the gill of fish
* Nutrients drained of leaves and soils
* Roots damage to tree leading to poor water intake
Acid rain is created by two main sources
1. Power stations: produce sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides
2. Cars and transport: Cars and Lorries produce Hydrocarbons and
nitrogen oxides.
Aim
The aim of this investigation is to find out if the concentration of
acid in acid rain causes limestone to erode more quickly.
This can be summed up as:-
[IMAGE]Burning of fossil fuels more concentrated Acid Rain
The reaction I will investigate will be between hydrochloric acid and
limestone.
Word Equation
[IMAGE]Calcium + Hydrochloric Calcium + Water + Carbon
Carbonate Acid Chloride Dioxide
Chemical Equation
[IMAGE]CaCO3(s) + 2HCL (aq) H20 (l) +CO2 (g)
Preliminary Tests
Prediction
I predict that the more concentrate the acid solution (acid rain) then
the quicker and more violently the reaction will take place. I think
this because the more concentrated the solution is, then the more acid
particles there will be to collide with the limestone particles, the
force of these collisions will be increased.
Diagram
List of apparatus
Hydrochloric Acid
Distilled Water
Limestone Pieces
Weighing Scales
Boiling Tube
Measuring cylinder small and large
Tub
Bung and tube
Boss Clamp
Stand
Goggles
Stop clock
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Investigating Factors that Affect the Rate of Reaction Between marble and Dilute Hydrochloric Acid The local Council are concerned about the effect of acid rain on the marble statues in the local park. Investigate a factor that affects the rate of reaction between marble (calcium carbonate) and dilute hydrochloric acid. There are three main factors that affect the rate of reaction. These are: Particle size Concentration Temperature With investigating any of these, there are slight problems which make them not as reliable as they could be. With particle size, it is extremely difficult to get control of the sizes, e.g. large, small, medium.
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
Investigating Factors Which Affect The Reaction Between Chalk and An Acid. Introduction: Chalk is just one of the many forms that calcium carbonate can take. It is made of the mineral remains of sea creatures from millions of years. ago.
Rain is naturally acidic, due to the CO2 dissolved in it, however when sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen react with the rain water they form sulphuric, and nitric acids which make the rain strongly acidic. SO2 + ½O2 + H2O → H2SO4 It may also take the form of snow or fog. The sulphur dioxides and oxides of nitrogen come mainly from industry. Acid rain is currently a subject of great controversy because of widespread environmental damage for which it has been blamed, including eroding structures, injuring crops and forests, and threatening or depleting life in freshwater lakes.
In conclusion, “Acid Rain: Scourge from the Skies” was effective in proving how severe acid rain is and can be. Robert Collins wrote informatively about a notable subject what anyone can comprehend and he used many commendable writing devices which all added to the effectiveness of the essay.
In this experiment, the calcium carbonate was in the form of marble chips. The calcium carbonate reacted with hydrochloric acid when the acid was poured into marble chips. Due to calcium carbonate’s higher reactivity, it displaced hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid. As a result, products of calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water were formed. As the chemical reaction occurred, the water in the measuring cylinder was displaced and gas bubbles that were blowing out represented carbon dioxide.
CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Investigating the Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips and Acid Introduction This is a test to demonstrate the reaction rate between marble chips (CaCO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Hopefully we will be able to prove that the concentration of the acid is directly proportional to the reaction rate. Aim To discover if the concentration of acid is directly proportional to the rate of reaction, by monitoring the amount of gas given off as the reaction takes place. Prediction We believe that the concentration of the acid will be directly proportional to the rate of reaction. We believe this due to the following theory: [IMAGE]The collision theory: This theory states that for a reaction to occur the reactant particles need to react with sufficient energy.
carbonate and hydrochloric acid,. I will look at the various factors. affecting the reaction and select one variable to change, while the others keep constant in order to carry out a detailed investigation. Formulae = ==
Investigating How the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate
Fossil fuels are an important part of life. When you turn on the lights, watch TV, or take a shower, the electricity that you are using is being generated by fossil fuels. The three types of fossil fuels are coal, crude oil, and natural gas. They all take millions of years to form, so they are considered to be “non-renewable”- eventually, the fossil fuels will all be used up. One dangerous biological effect of using fossil fuels is ocean acidification. Extracting and transporting fossil fuels can also be very dangerous. Environmentally damaging accidents such as groundwater contamination, land subsidence, and oil spills occur frequently. Global warming is another possible environmental effect. Fossil fuels have a crucial role in modern society, but since they are non-renewable and dangerous, we should reduce our dependence on them and explore alternative energy sources. Wind energy, hydroelectricity, and solar energy are some examples of renewable fuel sources. There are also many things that people can do everyday to save energy (and, in turn, conserve fossil fuels).
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