The experiment was mostly successful because the results were as they were referred on the table. The directions were followed completely as was listed on the board. The instructions were easy enough to follow and perform. There was a list of five tests that were to be done. The indole test was easy to perform and there was no color change on the card. The second test was the Citrate test and the results turned a beautiful blue color in the tube, which showed the results were positive. The Methyl red test was a yellow orange color, which was a negative result. If it was positive it would have turned red color. The Voges Proskauer test resulted in a beige color, which was also showed negative. When looking up the organism E. aerogenes it listed …show more content…
several tests results that it has been tested for. The test included each of the ones that were done Indole, Citrate, Methyl Red, and Voges Proskauer. Most of the test results match except the VP test, which is showed should have been positive. The results were not a typical result for this organism, but the procedure was followed as described. It may have been possible that the bacteria may have been burnt off during inoculation or maybe not enough bacteria were on the loop. The medical relevance for this microbe E.
aerogenes is one of the many bacteria that was posing a threat to health care settings due to being able to survive on stainless steel that are used on health care settings. These bacteria can cause major problems for even a healthy adult if the bacteria are found on a surface that was not properly disinfected. Each year 100,000 of Americans die each year from all the type of healthcare acquired infections (CDA 1). So then Antimicrobial Copper was found the drastically reduce these numbers. This is a mixed of copper and copper allow that were engineered materials that are durable, colorful, and recyclable and used for large manufacturing purposes. This material has intrinsic antimicrobial property, so that’s why it is called Antimicrobial Copper. Lab testing shown that Antimicrobial Copper was safe to use and it kills E. aerogenes as well as MRSA, VRE, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli O157:H within 2 hours of the bacteria being on this surface. This copper surface kills 99.9% of bacteria when it is cleaned regularly (1) and reduce microbial contamination. This is very important for the health care settings that see thousands of patients that are in and out of the hospital to avoid getting any infections from any hospital beds, tables and
chairs. Enterobacter species was known to be widely notorious back in 1976 following a nationwide outbreak of septicemia in 378 patients at a total of 25 hospitals which resulted from contaminated intravenous solutions. This bacterium can replicate in glucose-containing parental fluids, and cause sporadic outbreaks of this type (Villegas 1). This bacteria causes infections mostly in intensive care units and this is the fifth leading cause of ICU infections from data from the CDC collected between 1992 and 1999. Enterobacter cloacae, E. aerogenes and E. agglomerans are the major species. In early studies this species used to be spread from patient to patient because of inadequate attention to infection control measures, like hand washing. The doctors were unaware that there were bacteria on their hands and could be spread to other patients. In a study done by Davin-Regli and his colleagues, they studied 185 clinical isolates of E.aerogenes that was taken from two ICU’s for a total of a year in France. This bacteria was responsible for two-thirds of the epidemiologically related transmission these ICU’s. This species can cause hospital-acquired infections because it can survive on skin and dry surfaces as well as replicate in contaminated fluids. Several outbreaks have been described including infections due to contaminated feeding tube, and this includes humidifiers, respiratory equipment and hydrotherapy water in a burn unit (1).
I identified the genus and species of an unknown bacterial culture, #16, and I applied the following knowledge of morphologic, cultural and metabolic characteristics of the unknown microorganism according to the laboratory manual as well as my class notes and power point print outs. I was given an incubated agar slant labeled #16 and a rack of different tests to either examine or perform myself; the tests are as follows: Gram Stain; Nutrient Gelatin Test; Carbohydrate Fermentation; Dextrose, Lactose and Sucrose; IMVIC tests; Citrate, Indole, Mythel-Red and Vogues Proskauer test; as well as a Urease and TSI Test. Materials and Methods/Results Upon receiving the Microorganism (M.O.) #16, I prepared a slide by cleaning and drying it. Then, using a bottle of water I placed a sterile drop of water on the slide and used an inoculating loop, flame sterilized, I took a small sample of the unknown growth in my agar slant and smeared it onto the slide in a dime sized circle and then heat fixed it for ten minutes.
The experiment was not a success, there was percent yield of 1,423%. With a percent yield that is relatively high at 1,423% did not conclude a successful experiment, because impurities added to the mass of the actual product. There were many errors in this lab due to the product being transferred on numerous occasions as well, as spillage and splattering of the solution. Overall, learning how to take one product and chemically create something else as well as how working with others effectively turned out to be a
The experiment was successful in terms of receiving alkenes by dehydration in the product and not water as seen from the IR
One bacterium was gram negative. It underwent four different tests. These tests were the EMB test (Eosin Mehylene Blue), the Sulfur Indole Motility (SIM) test, the Urease test, and the Simmon’s Citrate Utilization test. The EMB test checks for a bacteria’s ability to ferment lactose. This test is accomplished by placing the bacteria on Eosin Methylene Blue agar. The agar is selective for gram negative bacteria and those bacteria that can ferment lactose will have colored growth, usually a metallic green sheen.
The procedure of the lab on day one was to get a ring stand and clamp, then put the substance in the test tube. Then put the test tube in the clamp and then get a Bunsen burner. After that put the Bunsen burner underneath the test tube to heat it. The procedure of the lab for day two was almost exactly the same, except the substances that were used were different. The
Upon completion of the experiment we were able to examine the DNA. First, the electrophorese
Our first goal in Project 7 was to determine what our three unknown solutions were. We did this through a series of tests. Our first test was a series of anion tests. We performed anion tests to determine whether any of the following anions were present in our solution: chloride, sulfate, nitrate, carbonate, and acetate. Our first solution, labeled as B, had only the chloride test come out positive. The next solution, C, tested positive for acetate, as did our last solution, E. We next performed anion tests. These included flame test, as well as an ammonium test. For the flame test, certain cations turn flames different colors, so we used this knowledge to test to see which cations could be present in our solutions. During this test, the only solution that appeared to turn the flame any color was solution C, which turned the flame bright orange, indicating the sodium ion was present. This led us to the conclusion that solution C was sodium acetate. We next performed an ammonium test, which involved mixing our solutions with sodium hydroxide, and smelling the resulting solution in order to detect an ammonia smell. Solution B was identified as smelling like ammonia, indicating the presence of the ammonium cation. From this, we identified solution B as ammonium chloride. We next checked the pH of all three of the solutions, first by using litmus paper. Solution C was slightly basic, solution E and B were both acidic, with a pH around 4. Since we knew that solution E had acetate, and was acidic, and did not turn the flame any color, we determined it was acetic acid, as none of the ions in acetic acid would turn a flame any color.
An error that occurred in the experiment was during the ceric nitrate test because solution 4 should have produced a color change. During a base hydrolysis of aspartame, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol are produced, therefore the ceric nitrate test should have been a positive for alcohol. A reason that this could have shown a negative result is because methanol is a volatile substance and it could have evaporated out, which would have caused a negative ceric nitrate test
Experimental error is something that always occurs, no matter how hard one tries to prevent it. One situation where error might have occurred would be in the mixing of the water and Pb(NO3)2 and mixing of the water and NaI solutions. The solids were not fully dissolved into the water and when mixed, the yellow solution had all the precipitate at the bottom of the beaker while the clear liquid remained at the top. The mixed solution was still all yellow in color but not all of it was the same shade of yellow. This might have impacted the experiment by producing more PbI2 than it was supposed
The purpose of this experiment was to make a conclusion on why Mr. R’s lawn was turning yellow, and dieing around his drainage pipe. In this experiment there were different lab groups that tested out different chemical products, that would be washed down a drain. There was a wide assortment of products that were tested in this experiment, for example, windex was one of the products being tested. On our experimental days, we would take our product, and add it to the water supply of our grass. My lab group experimented with windex. Our hypothesis was, if windex was added to the daily water supply of grass, then the grass will turn yellow and die because of the chemicals in the windex.
These infections are very dangerous because they often cannot be treated by antibiotics as the microorganisms have developed antibiotic resistance and are strong enough to have survived the sterilization procedures. Hospital Acquired Infections are often transmitted when health care providers become remiss and do not follow proper hygiene procedures. In response to the incidence of hospital acquired infections and the development of antibiotic resistant microbes, as well as an increased desire for protection against the outbreak of infectious diseases and a growing demand for superior hygiene, many scientists, researchers, and health care providers have begun working to develop new technologies to address the health concerns of the world today. Their approaches include working to develop new antibiotics, working to develop other technologies such as nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties that can be integrated into commercial products, and informing health care providers and the general public on common and simple ways to greatly reduce the amount of
Insufficient amounts of copper in the body limits the presence of white blood cells called neutrophils, a condition known as neutropenia. Less neutrophils means the body’s immune defenses are weakened and risk of infection is higher.
Copper is an important element that has a significant role the function of enzymes. Copper acts as a cofactor in many essential enzyme reactions such as those involved in metabolism. Nevertheless, copper is a redox-active transition metal and is linked to generating reactive oxygen species (ROC). Especially under anaerobic conditions when copper is in its oxidative state. So copper can be highly toxic to cells and lead to cell death even in very low concentration. Its antimicrobial properties are evident by its use by white blood cells such as phagosomes as a mechanism for killing engulfed microbes. Staphylococcus aureus contains copper related genes, such as copA, which allow it to tolerance of excess copper, are virulence mechanisms.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.