Family plays an essential role in child development. It may determine who we are going to be by affecting so many areas of development since the moment we are born, such as moral awareness, cognition, and gender identity. Furthermore, the family is important to the socialization process, " by which children acquire the social knowledge, skills, and attitudes valued by the larger society". In order to better understand the influence of the family, we need to look at its structure and dynamics within. Lately, social scientists hypothesized that inner dynamic of family interactions are more important than its structure in terms of child's development. This argument could arise from the fact that the family structure has very much …show more content…
Thus, Diana Baumrind during her studies observed how parents interacted with their children in different environments and interviewed them on their parenting styles. At the end of the research, Diana Baumrind distinguished four parenting patterns: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved. Authoritarian parents were identified as controlling and relying on coercive techniques. Another pattern was described as permissive parents when parents made very few limits for the child. Uninvolved parents were characterized as uninterested in child's life and seemed emotionally detached from their child. And the fourth type, authoritative parents, showed support, control, and nurture. They set demands, but also provided reasoning and explanations. The research showed that the authoritative parenting pattern has the most positive effect on child's development. So, the results of the research evidenced that the right parenting style when the parent respond to child's needs, support, and make reasonable limits would have a flourishing outcome for the child's well-being. Adherence to this parenting model may protect and help a child when the family is experiencing some difficulties and changes. For example, families with employed mother are not unusual today. One might assume that such factor can negatively effect on the child development. But …show more content…
As there is a widespread opinion that it has a negative effect on children, social science researchers try to discover how it impacts children. The major reason is that not always parents can manage the situation correctly. E. Mavis Hetherington made a study on how children cope with separation of parents and the change in the interactions after the divorce. The research included a group of 48 children whose parents were divorced and another group whose parents were not. The result showed that the first year after the divorce was the worst. Children showed aggression, academic difficulties, emotional instability, low self-esteem. Also, the researchers noted the change in some mothers' parenting style, from authoritative to authoritarian ( since the children stayed with mothers in this study). Unfortunately, not every child may recover from such influence and the additional study discovered that some adults whose parents had divorced may experience problems in their own marriages or conflicts with other family members. However, there were more positive observations and results as well. So, some children could eventually adjust to the new situation in the family, had good academic performance and positive social interactions. Mothers of those children demonstrated a different change in parenting pattern, on the contrary, they adopted the authoritative parenting style.
The article “Divorce and Its Effects on Children” by Kelvin L. Seifert and Robert J. Hoffnung states about the effects of the divorce under the children. The authors say “most parents who divorce must make major adjustments in their lives, and these adjustments often affect their children deeply.”(Kelvin, Robert, 1). Most of the adjustments are different by the children gender and sometimes the relationship between parents and their children deteriorate during and immediately after a divorce.
Enrique, J. et al (2007), states that the family is the littlest unit of a general public and, subsequently, evaluative to its improvement and support. There are four primary matter in the development of a family: mate choice, spousal connections, child rearing, and change.
The first one has the biggest impact on a child 's family. Family is the first group from which he receives the basics meaning of life. Family describes the transformations made through the social change that are noticeable. The environment socializing functions are realized in conditions that are become more difficult because the economic environment is very sensitive (unemployment and precariousness), as well as the social context (divorce, new family forms). It is often the last resort against exclusion. It is this aspect that the sociologist Emile DURKHREIM means by social inclusion and said that « Their members united by shared values and other social bonds» (Henslin). All parents strive to give the best to their offspring by instilling good manners, religious faith, culture (language, norms, values and behaviors) etc. A child born in an environment of peace, joy, peace, and love can only transmit them wherever he is located. Emphasizing the fact that he operates in an environment where all the vices are present copy it quickly, the child tends to faithfully transcribe his environment wherever it is found, and it is natural that will not be respectful, be aggressive, to look for fights; the student will return him if it was repeated several times and that his behavior was becoming extremely serious or
To be a parent is hard work. Although every parent has a different mindset towards raising a child, the types of parenting styles can be distinguished amongst a few different kinds. In this research paper, one will learn the pros and cons for each of the four parenting styles described by Baumrind and the effect each one has on a child. Baumrind based her studies towards the development of adolescents and how the specific parenting style has influenced the child. With her findings, she found that there are four different styles that most kids were classified under, with authoritative being one of the highest. The way a parent raises his or her child will affect that child for the rest of their life. Whether a child has been brought up through good behavior or abusive behavior of the parent, the child will reflect that behavior.
Diana Baumrind, a developmental psychologist, developed three different parenting styles with variations in warmth and responsiveness. These parenting styles, authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative, affect the development of children and adults. The authoritarian and permissive styles focus on expected levels of obedience from children. The authoritarian style provides a rigid set of rules for children to abide by and reduces their ability to develop independence (Baumrind, 1966). Baumrind (1966) describes the permissive style as a parent with little expectations and a high level of warmth. Children raised by permissive parents may develop expectations of themselves due to the lack of control from their parents. Finally, the authoritative
The parenting styles they distinguished were permissive, authoritarian and authoritative, terms coined by Baumrind (1966). Parents with a permissive parenting style tend to have a laissez faire attitude, they do not set rules but give the child a lot of freedom and are responsive. In contrast to this, parents who have an authoritarian parenting style want their child to obey and are less responsive for the needs of the child. The authoritative parenting style is characterized by valuing both “autonomous self-will and disciplined conformity” (Baumrind, 1966, p. 891).That is, authoritative parents set clear rules and are responsive to the child at the same time. It is seen as the most adaptive parenting style as it was associated with “positive outcomes in child development across gender, ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds (Davis, as cited in Enten & Golan, 2009, p.784).
An absence of a parent or a parent’s separation, divorce, when a child is developing, may affect the child’s future relationships. “Evidence shows that, on average, children who have experienced parental divorce score somewhat lower than children in first-marriage families on measures of social development, emotional well-being, self-concept, academic performance, educational attainment, and physical health” (Demo, Supple)
The complex exchange between parents and adolescence offers the prospect to influence the child regularly. Parenting styles figures in as a prime part of a child’s mental health and behaviour. Parenting refers to the parent’s actions and reactions to their child, including expectations, beliefs and values. Diana Baumrind (1971, 1991), psychologist, based parenting on two aspects including control and warmth. Baumrind used the combination of these aspects in different ways to identify the four styles of parenting used today, consisted of, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Authoritarian parenting, the strictest parenting style, is the method in which parents display little warmth and are highly controlling. These parents are disciplinarians who use restrictive and punitive styles. They insist that adolescent follow parental directions, rules, and standards, which are not debatable with the adolescent. Parenting has been proven to influence the child’s mental health (Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 2008; TVO Parents, 2013; Borkowski, 2000; Pickhardt, 2010; Maccoby, 1983). Also, based on plenty of research, children with authoritarian parents have found to show patterns of similar behaviour and mental health (Bierman & Smoot, 1991; Casas ed al., 2006; Hart et al., 1998; Dekovic &Janssens, 1992; Kopko, 2007; Dewar, 2010-2013; Underwood et al, 2009; Coloroso, 1997). The authoritarian parenting approach to child rearing negatively shapes the mental health and behaviour of children. (Thesis or no)
The principle of family atmosphere is the combination of all forces within the family or all the relationships which exist between people. The concept specifies a family as a system which causes each family member to influence others within the family. The family atmosphere develops and the outcome is how family members relate to each other. The parents determine the family’s methods of relating and interacting. The parents are the models for children’s gender roles, how a children learn to partake in the world and their relationships with others. Children can experience the parent model in a va...
Parenting styles have been widely defined by Baumrind into three categories, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Parenting styles can be defined as a pattern of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. These styles are categorized based on the level of nurturance, parental control and level of responsiveness (Dwairy, 2004). Authoritative style exhibits high levels of demand, responsiveness and nurturance; authoritarian style exhibits high levels of demand but low levels of responsiveness, permissive style exhibits low levels of demand but high in responsiveness and nurturance (Dwairy, 2004). These parenting styles have been proposed to have a significant impact on a child’s development as well as academic achievement and psychological well-being. Children reared by authoritative parents are stated to have the highest levels of academic achievement, self-esteem, emotional adjustment and well-being according to Baumrind’s category of styles (Dwairy, 2004). However, these three categories are based on Western samples and have been said to describe parenting styles mainly in the West and question its limitations in describing parenting across cultures, as each style’s defining patterns may have different meanings across cultures.
The family is one the most vital structures that an individual can have in their life to guide them in making the right choices due to the fact they are the first ones that children come in to contact with when they are born. However, problems may arise causing families to experience different hardships in their lives. Additionally, due to changes in society such as the reconstruction of families, and a large amount of women entering the workforce, the structure of the family is being altered. Family ultimately has not only an impact on those within it, but on all members of society. This is the precise reason family structure is so important to keep and maintain.
The family is a societal institution which initiates the positive and negative process of social interactions between people. Over the last few decades what constitutes the family has changed all over the world. Family in today’s environment is diverse in nature and may go beyond the scope of parents and children. Families can consist of variations in relationships such as close relatives, stepparents, half siblings and extended non-biological family members. Normally, immediate family members live in the same house, nearby, until the child reaches a specified age and maturity to go into the world and start their own family. Most often members of the families have intimate and personal relationships with each other. Within the family there is a continuation of social interactions between members that can influence and shape peoples responses and reactions to their larger societies.
Family by its nature is a social unit wherein children grow up and it acts like the socialization agent. Children receive their earliest and most consistent socialization here in the family. In a family it is very important as to how parents cater the needs of their children and how children take care of them in return. Parents as well as the child are very important part of the developmental process, as it is the parents who will shape the children as what they will become. The parent child relationship influences each other and together they shape the relationship they engage in it. Family is a social unit where in all the members living together is related to one another. Family is regarded
Family is arguably the most important social institution in an individual's life. A family is defined as a group of individuals that are related through blood ties, adoption or marriage, that form an economic unit, where the adult members are responsible for the upbringing of children. As a social institution, families change over time, but are usually the first and most important social part of an individual’s life. Education also prepares young people for entry into adulthood and is therefore a form of socialization.
Everyone is born into some form of family, with the family taking the responsibility of nurturing, teaching the norms or accepted behaviors within the family structure and within society. There are many types of families, which can be described as a set of relationships including parents and children and can include anyone related by blood or adoption. Family is the most important, “for it is within the family that the child is first socialized to serve the needs of the society and not only its own needs” (Goode, 1982).