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European conquest and colonization of America
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European conquest and colonization of America
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The United States is a country formed of different races. Each of these races became part of the country in different times. The European settlers were the ones to first come to the US. Those lands were the start of the wealth and history of the United States. For centuries, that wealth was handled by the White people. Many conflicts and wars had to take place so that all the races were considered equal, but could that really be true? History-based “viewed through the lens of wealth, reveals a consistent pattern of race-based obstacles” between nonwhites and whites (Lui 2004). These racial groups are finding their way in the country, but they are still divided by the racial wealth gap.
There are several differences in the story of the United States as to how each race came to belong to the country. When the European settlers first stablished here, they took over the land with violence. As described by Meizu Lui, the ideology was“that parcels of land should be owned by individuals and used to generate private profit” (2004). These ideas became more evident after the American Revolution. Treaties were being signed to help the Native Americans assimilate white culture. It was a trap to steal more of their lands. Their remaining tribal culture was nearly wiped. They were left without their culture and the opportunity of a better life.
The African Americans did not have it easier either. When they first came to the US, they were slaves. For their owners, they were nothing more but another assett to be bought or sold. They were treated worse than animals. Their opportunity for liberty, and starting a new life came after the Civil War. Meizu Lui stated: “In the first few years,...
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...r own profit. World War II made them lost their businesses at that time. But today American-born Asians have the opportunity of having well-paid jobs. Making them the race to be parallel in economy to that of the whites.
With these information about wealth and history, it is concluded that one of four races considered nonwhite have one chance of growing in their economy. The racial wealth gap can take people back in time to see how the economy of the nation was created. There is no fairness in base of the economy. If each one of the citizens in the coutry are considered equal under the law, why can’t it be the same in the economy? Segregation and discrimination continue to exist in the nation. Whites are not considered equal as nonwhites. In conclusion, if this gap between the races perdures to be open there will never be true equality and justice.
The movie Friday is a comedy drama released in 1995 starring Ice Cube (Craig) and Chris Tucker (Smokey) in the lead roles. (CITE) The film takes place in South Central Los Angeles during a 16 hour time period in the eventful lives of friends Craig and Smokey. After just being fired from his job, Craig decides to hang out with his friend Smokey, smoking marijuana and drinking on the front porch of his parents house. Things get interesting when Smokey brings Craig into a “little”, or rather not so little problem of his. Smokey owes local drug dealer Big Worm $200 on that Friday night by ten o'clock p.m. for smoking, rather than selling the marijuana that Big Worm gave to him, or else they'd both be killed. The movie details all the of the events in the 16 hour time period which led up to them eventually getting the $200 that they owe to Big Worm, and in turn saving their own lives. The film is full laughs brought on by comedic scenes throughout, especially due to the fact that African American characters are portrayed in a very stereotypical manner. It was evident that the common stereotypes of African American people in the early to mid 90's were fully supported by the film.
This article was stimulating to me because it related with me on a personal level. I have been discriminated upon many times in my life and this article excellently explained how white privilege plays a role in determining which groups are in the high or low end of the hierarchy spectrum. In Sklar’s article, Imagine a Country, she explains the growing income inequality between individuals by using several statistics that show the rising wealth gap between the lower, middle, and upper class. Throughout her article, Sklar addresses the controversial topic of high government spending by pointing out that there is an unequal amount of resources that are distributed between large programs such as defense and social programs that help reduce poverty. Her critics have stated that because she is presenting statistical facts as it pertains to income inequality, that she is therefore obligated to include proposals that will address and solve this dilemma. The purpose of this article, contrary to what her critics have criticized her for, is not to present a solution to this
Du Bois argues in this quote that “basic racial difference between human beings and had suffered not change,” meaning that racism is still a pressing issue. In this quote he essentially asks the questions, why wont the idea of racism die? Du Bois then links the persistence of racism to economic incentives when he states, “and clung to it… the modern African slave trade a tremendous economic structure and eventually the industrial revolution had been based on racial differences.” As illustrated in this quote, the link between economics and racial indifferences is one reason Du Bois offers as an explanation for why racism has been able persist even until today. The perpetuation of racism and racial difference is how society allocates status and wealth, while socialization maintains the idea of racism Du Bois argues
The only group of people that have ever felt a sense of belonging in the modernized United States are Caucasian people. Why? It’s not that they owned the land, or rightfully claimed it. No, it’s because their ancestors have used influence and power to take what they greedily lusted for. To make their stolen country succeed, they forcibly enlisted several slaves, and used the people they invited, to keep their iron fist credible. If the people could not rely on the government to feel protected, entitled, and successful, then they would combine forces to seek other forms of management. Similar to the formation of the Americas, and the Civil War, when the South’s protection (the possession of slaves to promote their economic success) was threatened.
In reading chapter 1, of the “Ethnic Myth”, by Stephen Steinberg, explains how the U.S. has a dominant society. In the U.S. class structures, unequal distributions of wealth, and political power vary between certain racial and ethnic groups. A main idea in this reading is ethnic pluralism which is defined as a particularly diverse racial or ethnic group that maintains their traditional culture within a broader more common civilization. Throughout history, race and ethnicity have caused conflict and the struggle of dominance over land. In reading chapter 2, of Drawing the Color Line, by Howard Zinn, explains how early in history inferior statuses of races which lead to mistreatment lead to racism. The very start of slavery began when african american slaves were brought to the north american colony called Jamestown.
To begin with, the conditions African Americans in the South experienced, before Reconstruction was ever conjured up, were difficult, inequitable and nearly impossible. Reconstruction began months after the thirteenth amendment was passed, so freedmen were left without the protection or guidance of the government for a short interval. Adapting to a whole new system was hard enough for African Americans...
The early 1800’s was a crucial time of growth for the United States. With the victory over the English in the War of 1812 under their belt the government and settlers felt confident in the stability of their new country. There was one thing, however, that seemed to be an obstacle for the white-settlers; Natives still dwelled on and owned a majority of the land. In 1814 Andrew Jackson led and won the Battle of Horseshoe Bend against the Creek nation, this defeat cost the Creeks 22 million acres of land that is now modern day South Georgia and Central Alabama . This was only one of many instances where the native people lost their land. The white American population was sky rocketing and the need for more land was critical for the young country’s
Many tribes had reigning governments and tribal counsels as a way of life. With westward expansion brought changes. Many Americans were killing their livestock, the food they ate, and Americans were settling more and more on the Indian lands. In time, Indians began to fight back and take what had been theirs. Once this happened, the Americans decided to make the Indians like Americans, so we took their land and tried to make them Americans.
Towards the development of the United States of America there has always been a question of the placement of the Native Americans in society. Throughout time, the Natives have been treated differently like an individual nation granted free by the U.S. as equal U.S. citizens, yet not treated as equal. In 1783 when the U.S. gained their independence from Great Britain not only did they gain land from the Appalachian Mountains but conflict over the Indian policy and what their choice was to do with them and their land was in effect. All the way from the first presidents of the U.S. to later in the late 19th century the treatment of the Natives has always been changing. The Native Americans have always been treated like different beings, or savages, and have always been tricked to signing false treaties accompanying the loss of their homes and even death happened amongst tribes. In the period of the late 19th century, The U.S. government was becoming more and more unbeatable making the Natives move by force and sign false treaties. This did not account for the seizing of land the government imposed at any given time (Boxer 2009).
For instance, the Asian American population has, on average, the highest level of education and the highest income among all races. Due to this, the racial discrimination this group had to endure throughout history is overlooked. Nevertheless, the manifestation of this inequality can be observed by the Asian communities still present in the United States, such as Chinatown in San Francisco. These communities appeared after white people brutally attacked and killed Asians because they felt the Asians were stealing their jobs and lowering their wages, driving Asians out of cities and forcing them to rely on each other and their own businesses for survival (Croteau & Hoynes, 2013). In addition, since Asians were not considered qualified for American citizenship throughout most of history, they are often still considered foreigners today. Another example of inequality today can be seen through real estate and the wealth gap between whites and minority groups. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 ended the discrimination against non-whites in the housing industry, but racial inequality still remains. When white neighborhoods began to integrate non-whites, white people sold their homes after their realtors instilled the fear of their homes decreasing in value. Realtors bought white homes for less than they were worth, and sold them to non-whites at inflated rates, a process known as “block-busting”.
This book written by Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro, addresses the following question: What will an examination of the black middle class, compared to the white middle class, reveal, in terms of economic stability and distribution of wealth? The authors answer this question in seven chapters. Using different studies, statistics, and history, this book conducts a socioeconomic comparison of the two races in America.
Some people define race as if it is something solid or concrete, but what they don’t see is that it is a “social fabrication”(Mathew Desmond, Mustafa Emibayer,2009;2). Race is based on the difference in physical appearance which is determined, for example, by the most apparent trait; skin color. Inequality emerges when people living, whether on the same sovereign terrain or across continents, are not treated with the same amount of respect and not given the chance to engage their rights in a free and fair manner. Race and inequality are often linked together because of the “issues that began in the 1800s”(NFB;Journey to Justice;2000) such as racial segregation. Over the years issues of race and inequality have decreased dramatically. How did racial inequality decrease and through what? To study this case, two theories need to be put in practice, “resource mobilisation theory and new social movement”(Tremblay;2013).
Social Construction Race Race has been one of the most outstanding events in the United States all the way from the 1500s up until now. The concept of race has been socially constructed in a way that is broad and difficult to understand. Social construction can be defined as the set of rules determined by society’s urges and trends. The rules created by society play a huge role in racialization, as the U.S. creates laws to separate the English or whites from the nonwhites. Europeans, Indigenous People, and Africans were all racialized and victimized for various reasons.
In his article “The Ignominious Origins of Ethnic Pluralism in America,” Stephen Steinberg explores the history of America’s immigrants from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. This article touches on the point of settlement, which is when one group of people settle on land first (Steinberg 6.) Because of their different race, ethnicity, and religion. Native Americans were driven out by Englishmen, who were first to settle. The first settlers had a serious issue with power and control. Vine Deloria, Jr. also relates to settlement in his article “Laws and Treaties.” He mentions that the idea to take Indian land was pronounced by the Christian churches shortly after the doctrine of discovery was announced. Deloria states “Discovery negated the rights of the Indian tribes to sovereignty and ...
The Asian community did not view themselves as people who belonged to different communities back in their home country. Instead, they became one people and ensured that they were in a position to do great things together. For example, when they were mistreated, they were able to speak with one voice against these mistreatments. This has given them an identity within the American continent. They became associated with economic activities because they engaged in numerous business activities. These business activities saw them grow their wealth to more than that earned by the Native Americans who were found there during immigration. This has had a huge impact on the country’s economy by facilitating continued