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Post colonial indian literature
Post colonial indian literature
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Manju Kapur has shot into prominence with the publication of her debut novel Difficult Daughters in 1998 which won her Commonwealth Writers’ Prize in Eurasia region. She is the author of four other novels entitled A Married Woman (2002), Home (2006), The Immigrant (2009) and Custody (2011) of which Home was shortlisted for Hutch Crossword Book Award in 2006. She belongs to Amritsar; she has done her graduation from Delhi University then moved to do M.A. from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada and returned to India to do M.Phil. from Delhi University and become a professor in Miranda House, though at present she has retired from there.
Kapur has basically written about women; their marriage, life after marriage, their quest for identity, their trauma and dilemma if failing to achieve the aspired results in their life but in The Immigrant, she has made a departure from the above mentioned themes, for, through this novel, we come across the Diaspora consciousness of the novelist, though she does not stand in the category of the writers of Diaspora such as Jhumpa Lahiri, Kiran Desai, V.S. Naipaul, Vikram Seth, Bharati Mukharjee, Anita Desai, Upmanyu Chatterjee, Salman Rushdie, Githa Hariharan and so on. The writings of these writers provide an inside view of the problems and obstacles endured by the expatriates in their new adopted land.
Before proceeding in this direction, the words- Diaspora, migration or immigration and exile require a clear explanation. Etymologically, the term Diaspora has its origination in Greek, made up of ‘dia’ and ‘speirin’, meaning to scatter or to disperse. “It was” as N. Jayaram quotes Martin Baumann in his The Indian Diaspora: Dynamics of Migration, “originally used to refer to the aggregate of J...
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...pens up new routes and new ways of thinking which assist in development and advancement and ultimately it depends upon the attitude of the person how to tackle with the obstacles that come in between from migration to settlement.
Works Cited
Kapur, Manju. The Immigrant. New Delhi: Random House India, 2008. Print.
Mcleod, John. Beginning Postcolonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000. Print.
Pandey, Abha. Indian Diasporic Literature. New Delhi: Creative Books, 2008. Print.
Saharan, Asha. “Female Body: Site of Culture- “A Study of Manju Kapur’s The Immigrant”. Labyrinth: Volume-3, No.4 October-2012, ISSN 0976-0814. Print.
Sharma. S.L. “Perspectives on Indians Abroad.” The Indian Diaspora. Ed. N. Jayaram. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2004. Print.
Uniyal, Ranu. Women In Indian Writing: From Difference to Diversity. New Delhi: Prestige, 2009. Print.
This essay will discuss the issue of migration. Migration is movement by humans from one place to another. There are two types of migration, it is immigration and emigration. Immigration is movement by people into the country and emigration is movement by humans, who want to leave countries voluntary or involuntary. Economic, religious, education, social and economic problems are reasons for migration.
Rajan, R. S. (n.d.). Concepts in postcolonial theory: Diaspora, exile, migration . Retrieved from http://english.fas.nyu.edu/docs/IO/10743/G41.2900fall09.pdf
“Like many immigrant offspring I felt intense pressure to be two things, loyal to the old world and fluent in the new, approved of on either side of the hyphen” (Lahiri, My Two lives). Jhumpa Lahiri, a Pulitzer Prize winner, describes herself as Indian-American, where she feels she is neither an Indian nor an American. Lahiri feels alienated by struggling to live two lives by maintaining two distinct cultures. Lahiri’s most of the work is recognized in the USA rather than in India where she is descents from (the guardian.com). Lahiri’s character’s, themes, and imagery in her short stories and novels describes the cultural differences of being Indian American and how Indian’s maintain their identity when moved to a new world. Lahiri’s inability to feel accepted within her home, inability to be fully American, being an Indian-American, and the difference between families with same culture which is reflected in one of her short stories “Once in a Lifetime” through characterization and imagery.
The concept diaspora was derived from Greek and means the migration, movement, or scattering of people from their homeland that share the some links or common cultural elements to a home whether real or imagined. The reason why the term ‘diaspora’ is important to understand and is useful because it refers not only because its linked and refers to globalization, linking and connecting place, social consequences of migration, but also, to a form of consciousness and an awareness of home at a more personal level. The feelings, relationships and identities that is often very deeply meaningful to migrants. (Raghuram and Erel, 2014, p. 153 -
“Migration uproots people from their families and their communities and from their conventional ways of understanding the world. They enter a new terrain filled with new people, new images, new lifeways, and new experiences. They return … and act as agents of change.” (Grimes 1998: 66)
Tharu J. Susie, Lalita Ke. Women Writing in India Volume –II: The Twentieth Century. The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1993.
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
Right from the ancient epics and legends to modern fiction, the most characteristic and powerful form of literary expression in modern time, literary endeavour has been to portray this relationship along with its concomitants. Twentieth century novelists treat this subject in a different manner from those of earlier writers. They portray the relationship between man and woman as it is, whereas earlier writers concentrated on as it should be. Now-a-days this theme is developing more important due to rapid industrialization and growing awareness among women of their rights to individuality, empowerment, employment and marriage by choice etc. The contemporary Indian novelists in English like Anita Desai, Sashi Deshpande, Sashi Tharoor, Salman Rusdie, Shobha De, Manju Kapoor, Amitav Ghosh etc. deal with this theme minutely in Indian social milieu.
Indian-American author Jhumpa Lahiri is well-known for her Pulitzer-winning book Interpreter of Maladies. An Indian by birth and descent, Lahiri migrated to the United States along with her parents when she was 2. In her third book, Unaccustomed Earth, Lahiri puts forth for her reader her character’s sense of alienation, the struggles and complexities of the new life and the need to blend into a new culture. Unaccustomed Earth is a collection of short stories. When asked to comment on her personal life as a migrant; she says ‘No country is my motherland.
Kamala Das has the distinction of being one of the best known Indian women writers in the twentieth century writing in two Indian languages, English and Malayalam. Mrs. Das is the author of many autobiographical works and novels in both languages, several highly regarded collections of poetry in English, numerous collections of short stories, as well as essays on a wide range of topics. Her work in English has been widely anthologized in the Indian subcontinent, Australia, and the West; and she has won numerous awards for her writing, including the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1985 and the nomination for the Nobel Prize in literature in 1984. From the 1970s when her career was at its peak, to late 1990s, India –based, English -language literary critics have written extensively on Kamala Das. Yet, in this criticism all the non hetero normative protests and pleasures in My Story were straightened out. This state of affairs emerges in part because, as elsewhere, many India – based, English
Suman Chakrabony Indian English Literature A Critical Casebook, united kingdom, London ,Roman Books , 2012 Print
...al, subversive, migrant identities. By extracting the short stories, Devi’s descriptions of exiting contribution of the local traditions and of the oppressed women are visibly seen with their pathetic conditions. Devi’s cluster of thinking allows her to engagement with rural poor women’s are about to convicts her protest writing which evidently object the class and Gender conflict. Thus, the complex issues of gender and class factually accepted with subaltern identity proven that they are in ultimate oppressed condition and also they are victimized at economical and sexual level.
V. S. Naipaul, the mouthpiece of displacement and rootlessness is one of the most significant contemporary English Novelists. Of Indian descent, born in Trinidad, and educated in England, Naipaul has been placed as a rootless nomad in the cultural world, always on a voyage to find his identity. The expatriate sensibility of Naipaul haunts him throughout his fiction and other works, he becomes spokesman of emigrants. He delineates the Indian immigrant’s dilemma, his problems and plights in a fast-changing world. In his works one can find the agony of an exile; the pangs of a man in search of meaning and identity: a dare-devil who has tried to explore myths and see through fantasies. Out of his dilemma is born a rich body of writings which has enriched diasporic literature and the English language.
Sengari, Kumkum and Vaid, Sudesh (eds). Recasting Women: Essays in Indian Colonial History. Kali for women: New Delhi. 1989. 17.
Jaipur: Mark, 2011. Print. The. Sekhar, Ajay S. Representing the Margin: Caste and Gender in Indian Fiction. New Delhi: Kalpaz, 2008.