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Language Arts 802: Development And Usage Of English Quiz 1: History Of The English Language
Cambridge history of english
Similarities between old and modern English
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Recommended: Language Arts 802: Development And Usage Of English Quiz 1: History Of The English Language
The english dialect is a piece of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European Family of dialects. These Indo-European dialects start from Old Norse and Saxon. English began from a combination of dialects and lingos, now called Old English :
It began when the Germanic tribes landed in Britain and attacked the nation amid the fifth century AD. Prior to the Germanic attacks in Britain, Britain was populated by different Celtic tribes. These Celtic tribes were joined by traditions, religion and normal discourse. Be that as it may, the celtic tribes needed political solidarity and that made them helpless. Amid the primary century, Britain was vanquished by Rome. At the point when Britain at last picked up freedom from Rome in the year 410 AD, the
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Making English the second most talked dialect on the planet, with Chinese being the first. English is the principle dialect of world distributing, science and innovation, conferencing, and PC stockpiling and additionally the dialect of global aviation authority. English is additionally the focal dialect utilized for motivations behind global correspondences, and worldwide legislative issues, business interchanges, and scholastic groups. (Cuddon p.280).
The English dialect is recorded as the authority or co-official dialect of 45 nations, contrasted with 27 for French, 20 for Spanish and 17 for Arabic. English is well on its method for turning into the informal dialect of the world. Half of all business arrangements are led in English. 66% of every logical paper are composed in English. More than 70% of all post/mail is composed and tended to in English and most global tourism and flying in directed in English. (Cuddon
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English changed a great deal, since it was generally being talked rather than composed for around 300 years. The utilization of Old English returned, however with many French words included. This dialect is called Middle English. The majority of the words implanted in the English vocabulary are expressions of force, for example, crown, manor, court, parliament, armed force, chateau, outfit, excellence, feast, workmanship, writer, sentiment, duke, hireling, worker, trickster and senator. ("Dialect Timeline", The British Library Board)
Since the English underclass cooked for the Norman privileged, the words for most local creatures are English (bull, cow, calf, sheep, swine, deer) while the words for the meats got from them are French (hamburger, veal, lamb, pork, bacon, venison). ("The Origin and History of the English Language", Kryss Katsiavriades)
The Middle English is additionally described for the start of the Great Vowel Shift. It was a huge sound change influencing the long vowels of English. Fundamentally, the long vowels moved upwards; that is, a vowel that used to be affirmed in one place in the mouth would be declared in a better place, higher up in the mouth. The Great Vowel Shift happened amid the fifteenth to eighteenth hundreds of
One of the many permutations that language has made is into what is collectively known as English. This particular tongue was brought to the British Isles in the Sixth Century CE by Northern Europeans or “Germanic” people. (Kemmer) It followed English colonists around the world, including areas in North America, which will be the subject of this essay.
Smith, Jeremy J. “The Use of English: Language Contact, Dialect Variation, and Written Standardization During the Middle English Period”. English in Its Social Contexts. Eds. Charles T. Scott, Tim William Machan. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. 47–68.
As we mentioned above, one of influences that has made changes in English language over time is foreign
The Old-English or Anglo-Saxon era extends from about 450 to 1066. The Germanic tribes from the Continent who overran England in the fifth century, after the Roman withdrawal, brought with them a language that is the basis of modern English, a specific poetic tradition, and a relatively advanced society. All of these qualities and spirit are exemplified in the eighth-century epic poem Beowulf.
The English language has a long history of changes through contact with other cultures, mainly by the many invasions on the earliest inhabitants of what is now England. From the Romans to the Germanics, and the Vikings to the Normans, each group of invaders have left their own unique mark on the English language. However, out of all the invaders, the Norman Conquest of 1066 had the most powerful effect on the development of English. They contributed a large number of French lexemes to the English lexicon affecting the semantics of many Old English lexemes. As the ruling class, their preference for French influenced the spelling system of the time as English became the language of the poor, resulting in an inconsistent orthography.
English Across Time Which group of invaders had the biggest effect on the English language and why? (Topic Two) The English Language was born from the dialects of three German tribes: the Angles, Jutes and the Saxons, who inhabited Britain in 450 AD.
The dialects of these languages cannot definitively be attributed to any particular group but have been narrowed down to that of; Northumbrian, Mercian, West Saxon, and Kentish. As Baugh and Cable tell us, ‘The English language of today is the language that has resulted from the history of the dialects spoken by the Germanic tribes who came to England...’ These new settlers brought with them everyday vocabulary, words that were for needed for daily survival in a foreign country with an unfamiliar language, words which we still use today in modern English, such as; weall(wall), wif(wife), cild(child) mete(meat), etan(eat), drincan(drink). There are debates as to what extent the vocabulary is Germanic. Baugh and Cable describe the vocabulary of Old English as predominantly Germanic , while, Helmut Gneuss argues that while the morphology and syntax was essentially of a Germanic language, the vocabulary was not . Written records in English do not go beyond the year 700AD, so we have relatively no way of assessing when a word came into Old English vocabulary prior to this time. Regardless of where the vocabulary originated, or where loan words were adopted into the Old English language it has to be assumed that as the contact between the various tribes ensued be it for trade or fighting, so too did the merging of dialects and
Palatal Diphthongization: This is the change in the pronunciation of diphthongs. By this sound-change, an “ae” and e in early Old English was changed to a diphthong (“ea” and “ie” respectively) when preceded by certain palatal consonants “c, g, sc” (Baugh & Cable, 2001).
Before the English came to America, they all lived in England. There were no major varieties in England because the English people lived in the same place and pretty much talked the same. They were all going along their merry way until...
Geoffey Chaucer lived from 1343-1400, and during that time wrote multiple works (Smith 7). Chaucer’s language soon became the new standard for writing, for which it differed from Modern English by the pronunciation of long vowels (Weiner 1). “For example, Middle English’s “long e” in Chaucer’s “sheep” had the value of the Latin “e”, which sounded like the Modern English’s “Shape”” (Weiner 1). And while his writing poses multiple similarities to the English spoken today, it still provides enough difference to see the change with the years in between. Without his work, many linguists would not have a clear understanding of how the linguistics shifts within Middle English itself
The beginnings of English can be found in the occupation of England from the 5th century by north and west German ethnic groups who brought their 'indigenous dialects' (Seargeant, P. 2012, p. 1). The Oxford English Dictionary defines English as 'Of or related to the West Germanic language spoken in England and used in many varieties throughout the world' (Seargeant, P. 2012, p. 7). Invasion in the 9th century by Scandinavians, who settled in the north of England and the establishment of Danelaw in 886 AD defining the area governed by the Danes in the north and east, had a marked effect on the language spoken there (Beal, J. 2012, p. 59). These periods are known as Early and Later Old English (Beal, J. 2012, p. 50).
It has led to the development of new dialects and modification of existing ones. The British Empire has been able to spread the language across the globe and to date it is the most widespread language and most used in foreign transactions. Currently, the population of non- native English speakers is higher than native English speakers. This is a clear indication that English has become an international language.
Based on the number of people who use it as a language and its easy nature to learn, English is the best candidate as the global language, which should facilitate communication in the changing environment. This draws the line between English and other languages whose usage is predominant across Europe and parts of Asia. In terms of numbers and effectiveness in learning, English is more superior to other languages.
Experiencing those days where people would laugh at other for the broken English; the grammar and pronunciation are the toughest parts of the language. People with English as a second language always stumble upon difficulties; however, the determination of learning a new language do not decrease easily as the motivation is still surrounding one’s mind. Today, English has become an international communication; even the teaching and learning of the language has already spread throughout the world. English is known as one of the most common use language and has been offering classes everywhere for years especially around Asia; additionally, the world common language has now become the number one language uses in every fields of career that is being offer everywhere. Non-American students should be required to take English class as a second language in school
Over the years English inarguably has reached a status of a global language and commonly is characterized as a lingua franca. It has become the language that is spoken by millions of people all over the world; as the mother tongue, as the language used for international communication and as the language learned in the millions of schools.