Analyse the impacts of deindustrialisation and the global shift east on the western world (15 marks) Deindustrialisation and the global shift east have both impacted upon the western world. Deindustrialisation is the reduction of industrial activity or capacity in a region or economy. Port Talbot is an example of how deindustrialisation impacts a region. The global shift east expresses the idea that world power is now inexorably tilting east. As a result of this shift east, deindustrialisation is exponentially increasing as manufacturing becomes more expensive to achieve. Deindustrialisation impacts the western world in a widely negative way, during the past 25 years, employment in manufacturing as a share of total employment has fallen dramatically …show more content…
Social impacts of deindustrialisation in Port Talbot (Wales) are job loss and living standards. Jobs are lost as manufacturing factories are closed which results in people having lower living standards as workers will not be earning money as they try to find jobs elsewhere. The economy was also impacted upon in Port Talbot, as coal and iron became too costly to get at for Port Talbot and so these materials had to be bought from abroad. This importation meant less money was being made for Wales’ own economy. As well as these negative impacts, the environment in Port Talbot was positively impacted as less ore and limestone was being extracted which meant habitats could be rebuilt and not destroyed by machinery used in manufacturing. This deindustrialisation also meant factories were closed down which decreased the volume of pollution in Port …show more content…
General Electric, a giant US multinational conglomerate, was a pioneer when it decided to shift thousands of back office jobs to India. What began as a trickle is now a flood of numerous leading companies in insurance, banking, travel, electricity generation and telecoms transferring their operations to India (this is an example of outsourcing). This global shift east has resulted in outsourcing which can lead to a minimum of 20% saving on processing costs. Currently, an Indian call centre worker earns around £3000 per year compared to £13,000 for a UK call worker in Newcastle. This cost saving will increase profits and shareholder’s returns on their investments capital, however, the UK will be negatively impacted as this cheap labour will be wanted by eastern companies and so jobs will be lost to this cheaper
Industrialization is the process in which an economy is changed from an agricultural economy to a manufacturing approach and manual labor is replaced by machines in factories. Industrialization brought a more diverse amount of goods and more total goods and improved living for many but, for others it resulted in harsh working and living conditions for the poor and working class. Many positives and negative were present during the industrialization of the U.S. Positives such as more goods being distributed, easier way of doing things, and being able to mass produce. Negatives like children working long and difficult jobs and many workers having poor working conditions.
The concept of post industrialism is a term coined by US sociologist Daniel Bell in his 1974 book 'The Coming Of Post-Industrial Society' in which he characterises it by the "Centrality of theoretical knowledge as the source of innovation and policy formation within the society" (Business Dictionary, 2014), this is highly western-centric in which the focus is a society that regards knowledge as power and technology as the instrument of those within it (Targ, 1976). This can only currently exist in the global west (Gibson, 1993), in which its exponent members are capable of realising industrialisation as a previous societal state as so to recognise the departure from it into a post-industrial state (Wikipedia, 2014). The features which define this departure can be identified as thus; Less and less people working for menial wage jobs, more people entering tertiary and quaternary education and work, the domination of the service sector, increasingly high levels of urbanisation, and as said before the prevailing dominance of technology and theoretical knowledge providing the basis for innovation.
Every since the industrial revolution, society has moved to jobs, factories, manufacturing goods and products, and larger cities. This process called industrialization is when an economy modifies its way of living from an agriculture based living to the production of merchandise in factories. The manual labor that is required for farm work is replaced with mass production on assembly lines. Andrew Blackwell visits this idea of industrialization in Visit Sunny Chernobyl but to a higher extent. Blackwell states “today that society is an industrial one, resource hungry and plant-spanning, growing so inefficiently large, we believe that it is disrupting its own host… It’s not just about living sustainably. It’s about being able to live with ourselves,”
The era of post-industrialism refers to a period of change where a society advances from a manufacturing base, to a society reliant on knowledge, services, and research. What emerges from the remains of the industrial society is a society based around services, contracts, precariousness, segmentation, and insecurity, etc. Divided are the prospects for this globalized, post-industrial society. People question who will benefit from this new era of globalization. Some view the post-industrial era as one that offers opportunities for the well-educated, creative, and young professional while others view it as an era involving less security, job deskilling and high levels of inequality (Krahn, Lowe, Hughes, 2008). If one of the main consequences of post-industrialism is a widening gap between the “haves” and the “have not’s” then who are those who make up these two distinct groups?
... growth and a lot of pollution as the world transformed into an Industrial driven economy. People re-located to the cities which was followed by heavier demands for city life and city products and more and more manufacturing took on the heavy toll of this huge demand.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, transport, and technology had a profound effect in North America. The industrial revolution marked a major turning point in history because it changed every aspect of life in America and the country as a whole. People started replacing ploughs and other tools for machines that could do twice the work. While others moved to large cities and started working in factories and other businesses. Huge industries such as the textile, steel, and coal industry came out and had a profound effect on the industrial revolution but, they would not have been extremely successful if it was not for railroads. The railroads played a vital role in the development and success of other industries. The railroads triggered the biggest leap in transportation in history. Through technological and entrepreneurial innovations and the creation of steam-powered locomotives, the development of trains as public carriers of passengers and freight, brought forth the railroad. The railroad industry changed the nature of production because it became an important energy source that replaced human and animal power. Due to the important role of the railroads, workers became more productive, items were being shipped more quickly, and resources were becoming available to everyone including the working and middle class and not only the wealthy. The railroads became to be known as one of the biggest leaps of transportation in history. This is because it set up the next fifty years of America’s prosperity. The railroads became extremely popular and useful during the 1800’s to millions of people and other large companies. Although there were many indu...
Since the 19th century, industrialization has had positive and negative effects on the live of workers. Industrialization is the process of modernization and mass production of most goods. This also includes but not limited to mining and the forging of iron. An area where industrialization had a massive effect was in Eastern Europe. It emerged as a need to modernize and unify Europe. Although Britain led industrialization at first, it quickly exploded from Spain all the way through Russia.
The common reason given by US companies for outsourcing India is high quality and low cost. However, there is criticism that perceived job losses in the US is due to outsourcing and something has to be done to prevent jobs from disappearing to India.
Throughout history hundreds of jobs have been outsourced to other countries for the benefit of cheap labor. American outsourcing has been blamed for the constant lack of American jobs causing a controversy between the labor force and businesses that benefit from outsourcing. In the introduction of, Does Outsourcing Harm America?, outsourcing is defined as a “business practice in which a company hires service providers, usually located outside of the country, to do work that the company believes can be performed more efficiently and less expensively by these outside contractors” (7). Although many people believe that outsourcing is a recent practice in business, this is not true. Outsourcing has been around since the colonial times, the production of covered-wagon covers were outsourced to Scotland while the raw materials for the product were imported from India. During the 1970s computer companies began outsourcing their payroll applications to outside providers. Outsourcing became a well-recognized practice during the 1980s due to the high demand of IT workers. Although there was a high demand for IT workers, large corporations viewed the IT workers as an expensive labor force. Therefore many corporations led their demands elsewhere for the sole purpose of lowering their expenses. Outsourcing is not just used for IT solutions; major companies are embracing the benefits of outsourcing, companies such as Apple, Wal-Mart, Boeing, Sears, Disney, etc. US corporations have expanded their needs for outsourcing from just IT departments. Auto parts, cell phone parts, airplane parts, tax return preparations, and clothing manufacturing have all been deemed as jobs that can be produced at a lower cost rate outside of the US.
It has become evident that countries must make these changes in order to be able to compete in the worldwide economy. In addition to the technological improvements, occupational changes are imperative to the contribution of a flat world. The term outsourcing involves the sharing of management control and or decision making to an outside entity. It is most often heard when a company outsources its workforce. It usually occurs when management decides they can hire cheaper and more cost efficient labor often in another part of the world. This is why much of the articles of clothing we wear, say “made in China” or “made in Taiwan.” A company based in the United States can pay workers oversees a much lower rate than they can in America. This doesn’t sound like much, but outsourcing in an age of an ever improving communication system is really bringing the world closer together.
Throughout the chapters assigned, Dicken focuses on the patterns and processes of global shifts, on the forms produced by the globalization of economic activities and on the forces producing those forms. He builds his arguments around three interconnected processes, which in his view are the reasons for reshaping the global economic map. Those are Transnational Corporations (“TNC”), States, and Technology.
- the catastrophic dimensions of the environmental risks caused by development of industry and urbanisation;
In order to argue the positives and negatives of a broad and subjective term such as “industrialisation”, one must first define the terminology. The standard definition would allude to a “period of social and economic change”, the “Industrial Revolution”, which occurred from the 1760s onwards, to the mid-19th century. This move from an agrarian to an industrial society brought both positive and negative effects on the lifestyle of British people, from all backgrounds. Scientific advances in mass production and agriculture caused an expanding capital stock. Urban Britain soon became the factory of the world, with changes to health, housing and real wages seen at all levels of society.
With the liberalization of state policy, there is a radical change in the approach of
And small businesses start failing as they are unable to compete with larger companies. Another shortfall is that traditional and cultural values of that area start to decrease, also impacting the tourism rates in the country. And some of the disadvantages are that; the cost of living increases greatly, holiday homes are bought in such areas and have no occupants for most of the year. There will also be a decrease in the use of public transport, which will disadvantage the elderly who are unable to drive to certain places and public transport drivers and owners. Smaller/local businesses are forced to close down as they are no longer needed or used by the