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Effects of Rural Urban Migration
Effects of Rural Urban Migration
Effects of Rural Urban Migration
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Rural development in South Africa
After president Zuma’s State of the nation address in which he highlighted the importance of rural development and its priority in the South African government, it was then realised by many South Africans that the state of rural life is in distress. Rural development is the process in which the economic state of living in sparsely populated and the quality of life is being improved by focusing on the key factors of rural development, which are; education, employment, infrastructure (both physical and social), entrepreneurship and health care services.
The impact of Apartheid on rural settlements
The difficulty in improving rural areas in South Africa is mainly because of the racial segregation that took place
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Counter urbanisation can also increase the number of people who can commute (work close to home), or allow people to work from home. And some of the successes of counter-urbanisation is the growth in agriculture and farming because as people move to rural areas, it means that there are more people nearby to supply crops to, strengthening farming in the region. It can also cause schools to flourish because of the increase in students. Counter urbanisation also improves the cultural essence of an area, this can increase tourism rates in the area but also expose raw materials available in that area which can be sold to benefit the country at …show more content…
And small businesses start failing as they are unable to compete with larger companies. Another shortfall is that traditional and cultural values of that area start to decrease, also impacting the tourism rates in the country. And some of the disadvantages are that; the cost of living increases greatly, holiday homes are bought in such areas and have no occupants for most of the year. There will also be a decrease in the use of public transport, which will disadvantage the elderly who are unable to drive to certain places and public transport drivers and owners. Smaller/local businesses are forced to close down as they are no longer needed or used by the
Another disadvantage is that the business would have to move and could be far away from the marketing location; also the transport expenditure to locate could cost a lot of money. Another policy is the creation of new towns so that the government could take work to the unemployed. The advantage of this is that the unemployed could start afresh and begin a new life. But the disadvantage of new towns being created sequentially to take work to those unemployed is it would attract a specific type of the population. This means that the population in the new town would not consist of different types of people i.e. the young and the old.
However, there is usually not enough land or housing for the city's growing population. There is also not enough jobs in the city to keep everyone employed. Poverty increases and jobs give lower and lower pay. The poor live in slums
This is necessary as the vast majority of individuals migrating from rural to urban centers has been steadily increasing with the level of economic growth seen within the past twenty years as mentioned earlier. Unfortunately, this situation has further shown the structural issues and inequalities of cities, as most migrants end up having a poor quality of life living in informal settlements as highlight substantially by Boo. As a means of tackling this, however, the Indian government has turned its focus on investing rural regions, developing the agricultural sector. Specifically, Boo mentions that “the prime minister, Manmohan Singh, had come down from Delhi to express his concern for the farmers’ hardships, and the central government’s determination to relieve it” (p. 138). While this is definitely important funds are not being divided justly. For starters, between rural and urban areas almost all investments are being targeting towards rural regions, which is only addressing issues of inequality in one section of the country. Furthermore, across rural areas inequalities of investment are quite often overlooked. Although, “one of the governments hopes was to stop villagers from abandoning their farms and further inundating cities like Mumbai, but Asha’s relatives knew nothing of these celebrated relief programs” (p. 138). Therefore, even though
Zimmerman, Julie. "Rural Poverty: Myths and Realities." Rural Development News. Volume 21. Number 1. Mar. 1997. 4 Apr. 2001 http://www.ag.iastate.edu/centers/rdev/newsletter/mar97/rural.poverty.html.
positive changes in traditional consumption modes and construction practices. Probably they would produce a good event in the future.
Every society has segregations: segregations according to race, according to wealth, according to level of education, and others. Alan Paton in Cry, The Beloved Country uses tone to highlight the racial segregation in South Africa. Racial segregation leads to social inequality.
South Africa’s racial problems began when the white people came and discovered South Africa with its black population. The white people wanted power because there were many fewer whites than blacks. The only way to achieve that was to change the government around so that only white people had political power. The three terms that were used to describe racial groups under the system of apartheid were European, Native and Coloured.
Apartheid consisted of a set of unequal laws that favored the whites (“History of South Africa in the apartheid era”). The Race Classification Act, which divided everyone into four race groups, whites, blacks, coloreds, and Indians were the first of many major laws (Evans, 8). Hundreds of thousands of black South Africans were forced to leave their homes and move into special reservations called “homelands” or Bantustans that were set up for them (Evans, 8). There were twenty-three million blacks and they were divided into nine tribal groups, Zulu, Xhosa, Tswana, North and South Sotho, Venda, Tsonga, Swansi, and South Ndebele, and each group were moved into a separate homeland (Evans, 8). Another major law was the Groups Area Act, which secluded the twenty-three million blacks to 14 percent of land, leaving 86 percent of the land for the 4.8 million (Evans, 9). Under apartheid laws a minority ...
Primarily the lack of foreign investment, especially when South Africa's gold and diamond reserves are emptied as other parts of economy are not as developed. Secondly, the economic gap between whites and blacks that was stretched during the time of apartheid needs to be tightened or else it could become dangerous to the stability of the political system. However, due to the leadership of Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s current government structure exists to solve these issues.
What are the consequences? Write in detail consequences on the Environment, on local people and the economy of the country.
Krishnaraj, Maithreyi. 2006. “Food Security, Agrarian Crisis and Rural Livelihoods.” Economic and Political Weekly 41 (52): 5376-5388.
There are two kinds of factors why rural people seek for urban life. The first one is urban pull factor. They dream for higher wages, better housing and utilities, better school and hospital, more jobs opportunity, and more experience that they can get it all from a living in big cities as they think. The second one is urban push factor. We know that most of rural areas people are farmers. There’,s not much else to do anymore in the village but wait for harvest time and without higher level of education, availability of media, or facilities that they need, they might be stimulated to move to urban areas.
Regional development is essential to overcome the social evils related to the localization of industries in developed areas alone, which results in overcrowding, noise and congestion. These adversely affect the health and efficiency of inhabitants.
...earch and extension, rural infrastructure, and market access for small farmers. Rural investments have been sorely neglected in recent decades, and now is the time to reverse this trend. Farmers in many developing countries are operating in an environment of inadequate infrastructure like roads, electricity, and communications; poor soils; lack of storage and processing capacity; and little or no access to agricultural technologies that could increase their profits and improve their livelihoods. Recent unrest over food prices in a number of countries may tempt policymakers to put the interests of urban consumers over those of rural people, including farmers, but this approach would be shortsighted and counterproductive. Given the scale of investment needed, aid donors should also expand development assistance to agriculture, rural services, and science and technology.
Due to rural-urban migration, there has been increasing levels of poverty and depopulation in rural areas. This is one of the reasons why the government has seen it as necessary and made it a priority to improve the lives of the people who live in rural areas. Rural development is about enabling people in the rural areas take charge of their destiny. This is through the use and management of the natural resources they are exposed to. This is a process through which people learn over time and they use this knowledge to adapt to the changing world. The purpose of rural development is to improve the lives of people living in the rural areas.