Definitions of Learning Styles
Although learning style may be simply defined as the way people come to understand and remember information, the literature is filled with more complex variations on this theme. James and Gardner (1995), for example, define learning style as the "complex manner in which, and conditions under which, learners most efficiently and most effectively perceive, process, store, and recall what they are attempting to learn" (p. 20). Merriam and Caffarella (1991) present Smiths definition of learning style, which is popular in adult education, as the "individuals characteristic way of processing information, feeling, and behaving in learning situations" (p. 176). Swanson (1995) quotes Reichmann's reference to learning style as "a particular set of behaviors and attitudes related to the learning context" and also presents Keefe's definition of learning style as "the cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how learners perceive, interact with, and respond to the learning environment" (p. 2). These definitions have understandable variations as they tend to reflect the perspectives of different learning styles inventories. For example, the Grasha-Reichmann Student Learning Style Scale distinguishes among social interaction preferences, which includes behavior and attitude tendencies (ibid.).
Categories and Characteristics
Learning style patterns are also defined in a number of different ways. James and Gardner (1995) categorize learning styles according to perceptual, cognitive, and affective dimensions. Another useful method is to categorize various learning style models: personality models, information processing models, social interaction models ,...
... middle of paper ...
..." Connections: National Tech Prep Network. Waco, TX: National Tech Prep Network, Center for Occupational Research and Development, 1998.
Merriam, S. B., and Caffarella, R. S. Learning in Adulthood. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1991.
Mind Tools Ltd. "How Your Learning Style Affects Use of Mnemonics." Yapton, England: Mind Tools, Ltd., 1998. <http://www.mindtools.com/ mnemlsty.html>
Parnell, D. "Cerebral Context." Vocational Education Journal 74, no. 3 (May 1996): 18-21, 30.
Swanson, L. J. "Learning Styles: A Review of the Literature." July 1995. (ED 387 067)
Developed with funding from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education, under Contract No. RR93002001. Opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the position or policies of OERI or the Department. Practice Application Briefs may be freely reproduced.
Merriam, S.B., Caffarella, R.S. &Baumgartner (2007) Learning in Adulthood: A comprehensive guide, san Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass
In the end Lennie caused a big conflict by killing Curley's wife. This lead George to kill Lennie for his own good. If George wouldn’t of killed Lennie, Curley would have killed him in a more brutal way by making him suffer. George and Lennie could have ran away but Curley wasn’t going to give up until he found them. If they would have ran away they both would have been lynched. Killing Lennie was a big decision George had to make, but it was the best for Lennie. Even when Lennie died George managed to make him happy by telling him the story of their dream farm and their plans for it. George was a good friend so he did what a good friend would do in that
True friends are difficult to find in life, especially as an adult. Lennie, a main character in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, was lucky enough to have George, despite all the odds he faced with mental illness. Lennie, having a tall, stocky frame, was intimidating to many people at first glance (Steinbeck 2). However, after they discovered his childlike nature, he quickly became an easy target for ridicule and violence. George sacrifices a normal life to protect Lennie and those he encounters. This relationship is crucial to their survival. The importance of friendship is a major theme found in the book. This is shown through the character’s strong bond between one another, how they face society in the 1930s, and how they influence each other’s actions.
At the start the atmosphere remains calm. Capulet is worried about his daughter’s grieving for the death of her cousin Tybalt; however this isn’t the real reason for the upset. Shakespeare uses metaphors to compare the difference between the grief and good emotions. Capulet links Juliet to a s...
Politics was the factor that caused the Sierra Leone Civil War, while ethnicity and years of oppression fueled the genocide in Rwanda. These two causes are vastly different, and caused for two different results. The Sierra Leone Civil War was caused by political corruption, years before the war started in 1991 Sierra Leone’s government and economy was rapidly declining. In 1968 Siaka Stevens was elected into the presidential position and when he stepped down 17 years later, 1985, the country was completely ...
The ancient discord between the Montagues and the Capulets is the foundation for all conflict in the play. This conflict is necessary for character development, to show their true personality and to advance the plot. Characters from both families
The reasonable causes behind making a tough decision can often times torment an individual. In the literary artwork, “Of Mice and Men”, by John Steinbeck, the reader is introduced to the odd relationship between two men traveling together while facing immense disasters during the Great Depression in America. One of the men named George Milton is depicted as the guardian of the other who is named Lennie Small. Lennie suffers from having the mentality of a child and emotional disputes as this disability gradually becomes a burden for George. Due to Lennie’s mental illness causing him to unknowingly harm others, and continuously making the same mistakes without learning from them, George is justified in killing Lennie.
Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved April 19, 2019. From: https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUSOC120.10.2.
And there is a four-type definition of learning styles: 1. Accommodators (CE/AE) 2. Divergers (CE/RO) 3. Assimilators (AC/RO) 4. Convergers (AC/AE)
Mirriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., & Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A
Did you find it easier to understand a thing by reading or hear it from someone else or do your understand better by looking at the picture ? Some people may find it even harder to read a map. Things may difficulty for some peoples but others learn, it is because everyone learns in different ways. How people interprets or understand the information depends on how their learning style. Learning style may vary depending on factor that influence . While learning style has been defined as the way people learn, or how one interprets information. The most common learning style is the Visual, Auditory, Read/Write, and Kinaesthetic. Most of us may have some idea of how we learn better, but often we surprise to find out what our predominant learning style. In 1987 Neil D. Fleming, an experienced educator developed the VARK learning style as an effort to help students learn better. VARK contains 16 question that help identify a person's learning style. For some students they may have a preference for one type of learning, but also
Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American education research Association, San Francisco, CA.
“A learning style is a way of learning and refers to the way that you learn new information” (2). Most people have one preferred learning style and perform to a lesser standard when learning in a different style than what they’re used to. Nowadays, children are told to take a quiz in school to determine what their preferred learning style is, but after a few years, not many of these children remember what their preferred learning style is, or even if they do, they don’t apply it to their learning.
Adjusting learning and studying strategies can be a fast easy way to improve a college grade from a B to an A. Through studies of learning styles I have been able to decipher my learning types. I am a visual learner, have an integrated brain, meaning I use both hemispheres, and ranked highest in bodily-kinesthetic and logic-mathematical intelligence.
Thought out our lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made a better impact than others. This can be attributed to everyone’s different multiple intelligences or learning styles. A persons learning style is the method though which they gain information about their environment. As a teacher, it is our responsibility to know these styles, so we can reach each of our students and use all of the necessary methods.