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Defining Abnormality With Consideration of Cultural Differences
Cultural differences are always a problem when defining abnormality.
What one would consider completely normal in one culture would be
considered abnormal in another, for example the island of Java often
set fire to a ball soaked in petrol and then play football with it.
Here that would be considered wrong and abnormal but is an everyday
occurrence for the people of Java. This concept doesn't only apply to
eastern cultures; the English could be defined as abnormal by other
cultures definitions, even by other western societies e.g. it would
not be considered normal by the Italians to wait at a red light when
there are no other cars around as the British often do.
The 'Deviation from Social Norms' definition of abnormality is greatly
limited by cultural differences, for example in Japanthere is a very
strong work ethic. Those who do not wish to conform and work hard are
labelled insane and confined in asylums. If such behaviour was
displayed in England they ...
Societies are founded on various social norms. Norms can best be defined as a set of acceptable attitudes and practices by a given society. These norms however are found to vary from one society or cultural setting o the other. Deviance on the other hand is simply when one does something that goes against the set societal norms. Deviance is gauged on a scale of attitudes and behavior contradicting to acceptable social standards (Samuels, 2012).
DSM Diagnosis and Symptoms. I believe Terry, a 19-year-old African American college freshman, has borderline personality disorder (BPD). Terry has exhibited multiple symptoms that point towards her having BPD. I have examined the information given about Terry and used it to best fit what her potential diagnosis could be. Terry has reported having intense negative feelings about being alone and worries that her friends will abandon her.
The five factions in Divergent’s serve as values that citizen can aspire to achieve in their fullest. The fearless are drawn to Dauntless, the intelligent to Erudite, the kind to Amity, the honest to Candor, and the selfless to Abnegation. I do not think that only these factions represent every basic personality type, nor fulfill all of people’s basic needs. To fill in the gaps, I would create factions for the selfish and manipulative, among others.
In cultural perspective, for instance for Irish people drinking beer until being drunk may be normal however if we see a priest in same behavior it can be considered as abnormal. Environment, occupation, culture and reasons of the behavior, change our definitions of abnormality.
The Strengths and Limitations of the Biological Model of Abnormality This model uses physical illness as a model for psychological disorder, suggesting that like physical illness, mental illness has an underlying bodily cause. It proposes that genetic, organic or chemical disorders cause metal illnesses which give rise to behavioural and psychological problems. Thus, abnormality has physical causes such as brain dysfunction (neurological), biochemical imbalances, infections or genetics and so can only be cured through medical treatments. Therefore it implies that abnormality results from properly functioning physiology, a properly functioning nervous system and no genetic predispositions to inherit mental disorders.
Most people want to be normal. The definition of normal however, depends on the culture of the person making the judgment. Far too often, normal is defined in America by looking at the actions and beliefs of the average white middle class family. This definition of normal fails to let other cultures to be accepted, creating distance and misunderstanding.
Deviance is the behavior and the standards of expectations of a group or society. It is also behavior that is considered dangerous, threatening or offensive. The people that are deviant are often labeled to be weirdos, oddballs, or creeps. In the United States, people with tattoos, drug addicts, alcoholics, and compulsive gamblers are all considered deviant. Sociologists believe that everybody is deviant from time to time. They believe each person will violate a social norm in certain situations. People are considered deviant if they don't stand for the national anthem at a sports event, dress casually to a fancy restaurant, or skip classes. One category of deviance is Crime. Crime is a violation of norms that have been formally enacted into a law. Another category of deviance is humorous. Deviance is relative, what is deviant in one group or society may not be deviant in another group or society.
When I think of abnormal behavior, the first thing that comes to mind is one of my aunt’s. She committed suicide when I very young, so early 1970’s. As I got older, inevitably stories of her would arise during holiday get togethers. She was married with three children and in her early thirties, residing in Florida, when she walked out and away from her husband and small children. For over a year, no one knew what happened to her, she made no effort to contact anyone. Eventually, the Salvation Army somewhere in Michigan called my grandmother and they sent her home on a bus. She never returned to her husband or children. The doctors diagnosed her as a paranoid schizophrenic. My mother told me that when she was on her medication she was fine, but once she felt “fine”, she would stop her medication. When the medication left her system, she became anxious and afraid. She once chased my grandmother, who was in her late sixties down the driveway with an ax, because she thought her mother was trying to kill her. After several inpatient stays in mental hospitals, she came back home again and she was doing good. She left my grandmother’s one night while everyone was sleeping, made it approximately fifteen miles away to a lake.
People from different backgrounds and societal norms react differently to similar situations. What is considered acceptable and unacceptable can be defined by culture, government laws, and the accepted truth to the majority. This is very well depicted in the short stories under the science fiction genre, ‘Harrison Bergeron’ by Kurt Vonnegut and ‘The Different Ones’ by Rod Serling. The protagonists in both stories were considered outcasts in their respective society because they do not fit with what is considered as normal in their communities. However, how they were dealt with by the government were totally different due to the existence of different policies and interventions for members of the population who are considered abnormal.
The fields of psychology and psychiatry similarly postulate that there are proper inherent functioning attributes and characteristics, which can be identified in human nature as normal, and this provides the means to characterize ‘abnormal functioning’. Within the diagnostic process of mental disorders there is a classificatory system, which the field of psychiatry developed through means of social construction, and it defines if someone does or does not have a mental illness. Hence, the purpose of this paper arises from this realization, and it is to elucidate the means by which psychiatry has missed the mark in attempting to declare mental illness as natural kinds by using the standard model of science in the development of psychiatric theories.
Deviance is the violation of cultural norms. Deviance falls into two forms: formal and informal. Formal deviance is the violation of laws in a society, resulting in crime. Informal deviance is the violation of a social norm. This is an action not acceptable by society, but cannot be punishable by law. In order to understand deviance, one must examine why individuals are deviant and what function deviance serves in society. However, there is not a definite answer for either, rather multiple theories.
Being normal in one culture or society may not be normal in another; it is problematic to draw of what is normal and abnormal by reason of the different types of cultures and societies. In addition, who would have the final right to draw the line in a certain area. Cultures are extremely diverse it would be almost impossible to have a culture/their beliefs to agree on cultural norms. It is tough to determine which category items should be in, due to there are a variety of different beliefs. If society had a standard culture, we could determine what goes in each of these two categories. However, it is believed that having differences could be a beneficial for each
One of the most obvious things that we are noticing in our everyday lives is that people are distinctly different. There are 7 billion people sharing the earth. But how many are considered “normal”? When are people considered abnormal? To be normal is to adhere to a standard or norm, but unfortunately, normality is an impossible and unlikely dream that we will continue to strive for all our lives. We strive for it because it gives us that sense of self that we need to reassure us that we fit in. While undefined, depending on your upbringing, generation and culture, what you consider normal may not be normal for someone else because other countries and cultures have different traditions and practices that they view to be routine; and what in the past has been viewed as normal has evolved throughout the course of time.
The deviation from social norms approach to defining abnormality is a relatively basic way in relation to the other definitions however the effects of cultural difference are probably most profound in this approach. This approach defines abnormality by the way people behave in relation to normal practices. Therefore this method assumes that if a person is abnormal they will behave in a way not considered normal by other people in that society. This approach is therefore limited by varying cultures as what is considered as normal behaviour in one area could be considered to deviate from the norms elsewhere. This is a rather significant problem in that in the modern multi-cultural societies someone may consider what they are doing is totally acceptable but those around them may.
Per Merriam Webster’s dictionary, abnormality is defined as “something that is not usual, expected or normal”. However, in respect to psychology, it is very difficult to define abnormal behavior or abnormality. Barlow and Durand, define abnormality as “a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected”. One can deem that most imperative and valid criteria’s for abnormality are distress and atypical response.