Definiciones de la Salud

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De acuerdo con la OMS, la salud es un estado de bienestar integral, que incluye tanto aspectos físicos como mentales y sociales, no solo la ausencia de enfermedad. Esta definición tiene su origen a mediados del siglo XX, y desde entonces no ha sido modificada.

La salud es un bien preferente, el cual representa una de las necesidades básicas humanas más prioritarias, además de uno de los derechos humanos fundamentales. Desde esta perspectiva, el servicio sanitario no debería negársele a ninguna persona, pero la realidad muestra que es una práctica muy recurrente.

Si bien la salud es un bien de interés público, no es un bien público en sí, como han expresado equivocadamente múltiples grupos sociales que claman por la adecuada y justa distribución del servicio sanitario. Esto ocurre porque la salud incumple con los dos requisitos básicos que debe tener un bien para ser considerado como público: que no sea un bien rival ni un bien excluyente. Primero, la salud es un bien rival porque el costo marginal de atender a una persona adicional es muy alto en cuanto a medicinas, suministros, atención y tiempo, además de que un doctor no puede atender a varias personas al mismo tiempo, por lo que su disfrute priva a otras personas del mismo. Segundo, y por último, es posible la exclusión a través del sistema de precios.

Si la salud presenta las características de un bien privado cuya valoración es superior al costo de suministrarla, ¿por qué el Estado interviene en el suministro del mismo?

Teóricamente, el mercado debería proveer la cantidad de bienes y servicios que la sociedad demanda, pero en muchos casos esto no sucede así, principalmente con aquellos bienes de los cuales depende el nivel de bienestar social, como la educación y ...

... middle of paper ...

...ciudades, tienen acceso al servicio médico básico, pero esta es sólo la primera fase de un proyecto que busca ampliar el servicio básico a más tratamientos y llegar al 100% de la población.

Conclusión.

La salud es un bien privado suministrado tanto de forma privada como estatal. Las causas que llevan a la intervención del estado en el suministro, como los retos que debe enfrentar para llevarlo a cabo son varios y de orden social. Sin embargo, los beneficios que se derivan de ello son una distribución más socialmente eficiente y equitativa, por lo que es una inversión socialmente rentable, lo cual se aplica para todos los países del mundo.

Es por ello que considero que aunque la intervención del Estado en un mercado puede ser más complicado, y quizás costoso, que dejar al mercado funcionar por sí mismo, es un costo que vale la pena llevar para un bien mayor.

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