. Data Quality.
It is very difficult to say what data quality means. The word quality itself has different meanings for different people. Even for an individual the word may has a different meaning regarding the circumstances. I will use an example to try to make it clearer. If we ask three people to tell us which car they believe is a quality purchase, we will get three or even more different opinions. Some people will say that acceleration matters, others will say security. Some would prefer an environment friendly car, others a low price one. This is the reason why there is not a universally agreement of what data quality means, so quite few definitions exist. In my opinion Joseph Moses Juran’s definition is the most representative and summarizes the most of the existing definitions. According to Joseph Moses Juran “Data are of high quality if they are fit to their intended uses in operations, decision making and planning” [1].
So how we know if our data are of good or bad quality? Following the car example, in order to answer this question we have to define which characteristics we should take into consideration and how much each of them weights. It is also important these characteristics to be measurable. A continuous research in this field providing us a great range of data attributes along with a ranking, according to their importance. In data quality literature these attributes referred as dimensions. From now on we will use this term when we talk about data quality characteristics. In chapter 2.2 we will present the data quality dimensions in detailed.
2.1 Why good data quality is critical.
Back in 2006, Clive Humby a mathematician from Sheffield said that “Data is the new oil”, in an attempt to highlight the signific...
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...such as the “heterogeneity of their components” and security issues.
d. Cooperative IS. According to Massimo Mecella et al. “is a large scale information system that interconnects various systems of different and autonomous organizations, sharing common objectives” [30]. The main problems with these information systems are the many copies of the same objects (duplicate copies) and the possibility of poor data quality from one source to spread through the cooperative systems. Thus it is very important for the individual information systems to be trusted.
e. Web IS. The importance of web led the classical information systems to transform in order to integrate with web technologies. This means that a web application can access an organization’s dataset. And as we mentioned above, this integration creates new data issues, like security and accessibility.
f. P2P IS.
quality we can predicate from it. The systems that fail are those who rely on
One of the biggest problems that affect everyone is data aggregation. The more the technology develop, the powerful and dangerous it gets. Today there are many companies that aggregate a lot of information about us. Those companies gathering our data from different sources, which create a detailed record about us. Since all services have been computerized whether it is handled directly or indirectly through computers, there is no way to hide your information. We used computers, because they are faster, better, and accurate more that any human being. It solved many problems; however, it created new ones. Data does not means anything if it stands alone, because it is only recoded facts and figure, yet when it organized and sorted, it become information. These transformed information. Data aggregation raises many questions such as, who is benefiting from data aggregation? What is the impact on us (the users)? In this paper I will discuses data aggregation and the ethics and legal issues that affect us.
Data are any facts, numbers, or text that can be processed by a computer. Today, organizations are accumulating vast and growing amounts of data in different formats and different databases. This includes:
Cooperation or collaboration is the tendency to work together for mutual benefit and is generally contrasted to competition which is working against each other for a larger share of benefits. Cooperation is not always desirable nor is compition always to be deplored. When people are cooperative regardless of how they feel or the other person behaves, they may be exploited and taken advantage of.
There is a debate between the benefits and potential informational privacy issues in web-data mining. There are large amount of valuable data on the web, and those data can be retrieved easily by using search engine. When web-data mining techniques are applied on these data, we can get a large number of benefits. Web-data mining techniques are appealing to business companies for several reasons [1]. For example, if a company wants to expand its bu...
The accuracy of data input is extremely important. There are several types of data input. They all provide different aspects of data accuracy. There is Copy and paste method, Typing of data input manually, Verbal through
For example: two departments contain their own system for their own data processing needs, where each of them stores data and runs all programs related to them. The biggest problem of decentralized data processing method is that: “data is to be duplicated”. Since common data is to be stored in each machine (redundancy), will cause data inconsistency. This means that data stored by two departments will not agree with each other (data will be duplicated), because there is no means to store common data in one place and access from all machines (Sharma, R.
Web Services are transforming and simplifying the way the enterprise thinks about integrating applications, information and business processes. They represent a new way to link systems together and automate business processes, eliminating much of the complexity and expense associated with traditional enterprise integration technologies. More importantly, Web services will be a catalyst for Service Oriented Architectures, enabling the real time enterprise by accelerating the flow of information and decisions across the organization.
Web 2.0 tools are used highly today and consist of applications like wikis, blogs, podcasts and social networking applications such as Facebook, twitter, my space and YouTube. Previously used web 1.0 tools are the conceptual evolution of World Wide Web (WWW). It uses applications like websites, e-mail and newsletters. Web 1.0 is more static and it was a major hit in healthcare sector when physicians access the static contents in trusted websites containing medical journals. The contents provided through web 1.0 tool cannot be edited and provider can review, delete and correct their contents anytime. Evolution of web 2.0 tools created an interactive approach from the static and provider centered approach. Its interactive approach is a two-way communication between provider and user. As a result, it is a powerful tool to reach prescribers and patients in field of pharmaceuticals.
According to G, Simsion and S, Milton Data modelling can be described as:’ The real world is observed and represented in a conceptual
Mathematics is an area of knowledge where the claim is applicable as it is a subject formed by different ideas merged and put into complex formulas. By applying these principles, mathematicians are discovering new facts through rethinking about known information. Ben...
“The Web does not just connect machines, it connects people” (Tim Berners-Lee). Tim Berners-Lee wanted to create a way for physicists to communicate information easily between one another. He ended up creating one of the most highly used pieces of software on the internet today and an incredibly versatile way of sharing information globally. The Web had become such a big part of our everyday lives that a lot of us would not know what to do without it. Some people do not fully understand what the Word Wide Web actually is though. They do not fully understand its history or the various components of the Web. This paper will hopefully alleviate some of the confusion about the Web.
Data plays an important role for computers and how well they perform. The accuracy of data entry is very important in that if bad data or too much data is stored on a computer that the processing of that data is flawed and can significantly slow the computer's processing down. The storage of data is available in different mediums and how one stores ones data is of vast importance as well.
Every service that are provided to the users must have a good quality. Quality is very important in order to measure user satisfaction towards the service given. In order to measure the quality level, there is a list of characteristics that can be used to measure the service either it is good as expected or not. According to the survey that has been done by CoMET and Nova Metros, top 8 service quality indicator of public transport is;
The word quality as defined by the oxford dictionary means ‘the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind; the degree of excellence of something’ .