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Role of culture in social behavior
Role of culture in social behavior
Culture and human behavior
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Recommended: Role of culture in social behavior
In another case, Na et al. (2013) conducted a study to test whether individuals would favor those who reasoned in a culturally representative way over those who did not. They found interesting results between Koreans and Americans. The first study demonstrated that in Korea holistic thinkers were favored more compared to Americans who favored analytical thinkers. In the second study, they found that Koreans preferred to seek advice regarding their social problems from those who held a holistic perspective and considered them to be wiser, while Americans sought advice from analytical thinkers because they considered them to think more rationally. Their findings suggested that Easterners placed more value on wisdom whereas Westerners placed more emphasis on rational.
Causal Reasoning
In Choi et al. (1999) article titled Causal attribution across cultures: Variation and universality they suggest that East Asians are less likely than Americans to attribute the cause of behavior due to personal traits, dispositions and or internal attributes of the object. First they examined how individuals described themselves and others as a premise to suggest what predicts causal behavior. For example, they found that Easterners were more likely to explain behavior from a situational point a view giving detail to external factors imposed on the individual, such as situations, roles, and contextual information. Westerns on the other hand are more prone to explain behavior from a dispositional perspective, emphasizing on internal and enduring qualities such as personality and temperament. In their first study they found that in the absence of situational information, both Koreans and Americans endorsed dispositions equally. An example given to...
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...ical Bulletin, 125(1), 47-63.
Hong, Y., Morris, M. W., Chiu, C., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds: A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist, 55(7), 709-720. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.7.709
Morris, M. W., & Peng, K. ( 1994). Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 949– 971.13–2820. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20707
Na, J., Choi, I., & Sul, S. (2013). I Like You Because You Think in the 'Right' Way: Culture and Ideal Thinking. Social Cognition, 31(3), 390-404. doi:10.1521/soco.2013.31.3.390
Nisbett, R. E. (2003). The geography of thought: Why we think the way we do. New York: Free Press.
Nisbett RE, Peng K, Choi I, Norenzayan A (2001) Culture and system of thought: holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychol Rev 108:291–310
Over the course of the paper, I will first explain what exactly are social structural explanations and cultural explanations, and show some of the most popular examples of both. In addition, I discuss what I think is the core of the disagreement between the two, and what I think matters in comprehending life chances.
A culture’s tendency to be individualistic or collectivistic can be found at the root of
Fish, Jefferson M. "Looking in the Cultural Mirror." How Cultures Make People Conform. N.p., 18 Dec. 2012. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013). Culture and Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.
There are many differences between cultures around the world. The way individuals perceive and go about their daily lives are affected by their culture. Culture and Causal Cognition by Ara Norenzayan and Richard E. Nisbett reveals the dissimilarities between America and East Asia cultural influences on reasoning. Fundamental attribution error is the phenomenon that is mentioned in this study. The fundamental attribution error states that individuals usually are inclined to see actions and behaviors as a result of temperaments equivalent to the nature of the individual. An experiment described in this research article stated that when participants were given an essay to read, they automatically assumed that the person who wrote the essay shared the same views in which they wrote about. This study was one with American participants and it showed American participants inferred that the individual who was given instructions to write about a specific subject shared the same belief in which they wrote about. For example, a participant can be instructed to write about the Republican Party, and how a republican president would make America a better country. Reading the article, an
Shiraev, E. B., & Levy, D. A. (2010). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn Bacon.
Geert Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Second Edition, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications, 2001
John, W. Berry, Ype H. Poortinga, Marshall, H. Segall, Pierre R. Dasen (2002). Cross- Cultural Psychology: Research and applications (2nd ed.) United States of America, New York.
Attributions – Attribution is a theory or concept that explains how a person causes their own actions or even effects others behaviors in the social world (Aronson, 2013, 84).
Ruth Benedict’s anthropological book, Patterns of Culture explores the dualism of culture and personality. Benedict studies different cultures such as the Zuni tribe and the Dobu Indians. Each culture she finds is so different and distinctive in relation to the norm of our society. Each difference is what makes it unique. Benedict compares the likenesses of culture and individuality, “A culture, like an individual, is a more or less consistent pattern of thought or action” (46), but note, they are not the same by use of the word, “like.” Benedict is saying that figuratively, cultures are like personalities. Culture and individuality are intertwined and dependent upon each other for survival.
In life we sometimes experience cultural differences. In The Joy Luck Club Amy Tan shows how mother daughter relationships are affected by these cultural differences. Therefore each of the mothers and daughters has a different view on their Chinese culture.
Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination depends largely on three factors: distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency. Our perceptions of people differ from our perceptions of inanimate objects.
How do personal values shape culture, and how does culture affect our understanding and interpretation of seemingly ordinary things?
Personality is shaped by biological and cultural influences. Culture shapes patterns of socialisation, which shapes variance in personality (Triandis & Suh, 2002). The study of personality across cultures is useful as it informs us of variation between cultures, and similarities within cultures, thereby offering evidence of aggregate cultural characteristics (John & Srivastava, 1999). Culture may be considered as society's collective memory (Triandis, 2001), and important aspects of culture are termed cultural syndromes(Triandis, 2001; Caldwell-Harris & Ayçiçegi, 2006), and Individualism and collectivism are examples. Collectivist culture refers interdependency within in-groups and prioritising the needs of the group above the individual. Conversely, individualist cultures, which favour autonomy and independence, giving priority to their personal goals (Triandis, 2001). Personality refers to an individual's stable characteristic patterns of thought and behaviour and includes characteristics of collectivism and individualism (Yamaguchi, Kuhlman & Sugimori, 1995). A person with individualist characteristics is termed idiocentric, and someone with personal collectivist characteristics is termed allocentric (Caldwell-Harris & Ayçiçegi, 2006). This review aims to assess the available research regarding
In the end, what we learn from this article is very realistic and logical. Furthermore, it is supported with real-life examples. Culture is ordinary, each individual has it, and it is both individual and common. It’s a result of both traditional values and an individual effort. Therefore, trying to fit it into certain sharp-edged models would be wrong.