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Criminal profiling as an investigative tool
Criminal profiling as an investigative tool
Criminal profiling as an investigative tool
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“Criminal Profiling and Insider Cyber Crime” Critique
Similarly, in Nykodym, Taylor, and Vilela’s article “Criminal Profiling and Insider Cyber Crime,” (2011), the writers claim that cybercrime profiling assists in tracking down and identifying the offender. Even though Nick Nykodym is a professor in the Business department
At the University of Toledo, which does not relate to the topic, his field enabled him to comment on the status and the threat caused by the different employee’s position in a business. In addition, he delivered a well clarified argument and reliable work with the use of CCIPS cases from the United States justice department and various cybercrimes journals and statistics to support his thesis.
Nykodym et al emphasize
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An increasing number of powerful organizations fall victims to cyber-attacks targeting their financial sector. To illustrate, Nykodym et al. (2005) point out that cybercrime has accounted up to $170 million of loss in 2002 (p, 264). As a result of proprietary information theft along with product and customer databases; causing the targeted business a loss of productivity and time as well as financial loss. A further point often overlooked is that cybercrimes give rise to a significant mass panic among organizations. According to Gandhi et al. (2011), “Along the technological dimensions, a cyber-attack can leave users distrustful of services such as banking, healthcare, and finance.” (p.37). Consequently, the fear of customer’s information exposure results in mass panic, which induced policy changes to increase resources spent on cyber-defense, that in return cause an additional cost imposed on taxpayers. Therefore, cyber-attacks causing tremendous damage to organizations along with customer spreading fear among …show more content…
It is important to remember that the lack of physical presence plays an important role in the crime investigation. In other words, the attacker has the flexibility of executing the attack from anywhere and anytime desired (Lowe, 2014, p. 12). Therefore, there will be no evidence such as DNA or fingerprints to identify the offender from. In addition, insider criminals are easily hidden due to the different level of hierarchy in an organization. For example, the authority and access capability given to managers enable them to disguise their crime (Nykodym, Taylor, & Vilela, 2005, p.265). In this case, the several different positions in a firm that can access the data system make it harder for the investigator to determine the root of the crime committed. Cybercrimes have witnessed a rapid increase as a result of the ease and flexibility of the
Although an act of cyberterrorism has yet to occur, officials and scholars continuously study the possibilities of such an attack. As our physical and virtual worlds continue to intertwine the risk of such an event rapidly increases. Everything from our transportation systems to pharmaceutical manufacturing are computer controlled. The closest the world has come to an act of cyberterrorism was in 2000. Known as the Maroochy Shire case in Queensland, Australia was committed by Vitek Boden. Boden was an engineer for Pacific Paradise, a sewage pumping in Australia. He was able to successful hack into a control system modifying the operations and dumping millions of litres of raw sewage into the local waterways. Boden’s motivation was the only reason the act was not classified as cyberterrorism was his motivation. It was personal rather than political or religious in nature (Sharp Parker, 2009). The only reason this wasn’t the first act of cyberterrorism was motivation. As companies invest in upgrading their technological capabilities, they too need to invest in security structure to protect their systems and the public from threats of terrorism. Our government must also decide how to address public safety in regards to cyberterrorism. On September 11th, 2001 America was reminded how vulnerable we are when it comes to acts of terrorism. The sheer complexity and varying design of attacks often makes it very difficult to create a catch-all defense in fighting terrorism. To improve the disruption of terrorist activities by government agencies in the United States many laws needed to be updated to include the latest areas of electronic communications.
Faceless-oriented policing comprises of guardians who see the internet being utilized as a faceless venue to commit crimes and what benefits their investigation of these crimes is that they view the cyber investigator and the offender both as faceless entities. (Walker, Brock, & Stuart, 2006) Most cyber criminals engage in the routine activities approach to crime, which suggests that criminal behavior often occur due to these three components: motivated offender; suitable target; and absence of a capable
"Information systems are vulnerable and it is possible for terrorists to utilize the vulnerabilities of information systems to attack their adversaries" (Hua & Bapna 2013). Since the events of 9/11 the world has watched as terrorism has slowly began to escalate not only in severity but frequency however, until recently nations including the United States have been more focused on traditional methods of terrorism and paid little effort to the growing concern of cyberterrorism. Hua and Bapta (2013) define cyberterrorism as:
Computer crime has been an issue since the beginning of computers. Wherever there is something good, there is always someone who takes advantage of it. This can be seen in cyber crime, which has been on the rise in recent years. According to the Los Angeles Times, the median cost of computer crime to a company per year has risen from $3.8 million dollars in 2010 to $5.9 million. (Rodriguez, 2011) This suggests that computer crime is becoming an even bigger hazard to companies. A recent example of this was the data breach committed against Target in 2013.
Winnerman, L. (2004, August 1). Criminal profiling: the reality behind the myth. American Psychological Association. Retrieved , from http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug04/criminal.aspx
Terrorism represents a continuing threat to the United States. It is the most significant threat to our national security. Terrorist attacks have definitely left many concerns about the possibilities of future incidents of terrorism in the United States. Since the events of September 11, 2011, Americans and much of the world are afraid. Americans are at war with terrorism and no longer feel comfortable. A part of this unease feeling has to do with cyber terrorism.
Every year, cybercrime costs businesses $400 billion and by 2019, cybercrime will have cost the global economy 2.1 trillion dollars (Morgan 1). But, economic loss isn’t the only problem caused by weak cybersecurity; weak cybersecurity measures could allow hackers to collect data on citizens, cause widespread death, and destroy entire nations. Despite the massive threat the problem poses, no one has yet to institute an effective solution. Although government regulation and website blocking attempt to eliminate cybercrime and cyberwarfare, an ideal solution exists in government guidance and collaboration with the private sector.
The ability to conduct warfare through technological methods has increased information security awareness and the need to protect an entities infrastructure. Subsequently, cyber warfare produces increased risk to security practitioners that employ technology and other methods to mitigate risks to information and the various systems that hold or transmit data. A significant risk to information lies in the conduct of electronic commerce, hereinafter called e-commerce. E-commerce is the purchasing or selling of goods and/or services through the internet or other electronic means (Liu, Chen, Huang, & Yang, 2013). In this article, the researcher will discuss cyber warfare risks, present an evaluation on established security measures, identify potential victims of identity theft, and present an examina...
Cyberterrorism costs companies, goverments and everday people billions of dollars each year. "Cyberwar may be to the 21st century what blitzkrieg was to the 20th (Arquilla)." In 1994, a Russian hacker broke into CitiBanks funds transfer system and transferred
Technology has opened new encounters and opportunities for the criminal justice system. There are so many new practices of criminal activity, such as computer crimes. There are different types of computer crimes that many people become victims of every day. Computer crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target ("Computer Crime: Chapter 2: What Are the Crimes?", n.d.). Crimes such as data diddling, pump and dump, social engineering and spoofing are computer crimes. Even though these crimes are difficult by privacy issues, the new technology has made investigations and prosecutions well organized and effective. Though views are different on the pros and cons of specific technological changes in the criminal justice system, there is an agreement the system has changed affectedly ("Effects of Technology in Criminal Justice | eHow", n.d.).
Kharpal, A 2013, Cyber-crime is ‘greatest threat’ to companies survival: EY, CNBC, accessed 12 November 2013, http://www.cnbc.com/id/101155856
Every day millions in some cases billions of dollars are made by businesses from income brought in by online sale of products and services. As businesses continually develop and expand their client base with online products and services so does the desire by criminals to exploit vulnerabilities in their e-commerce setup. The mass worldwide internet usage growth within the last 20 years has been “an approximate 16 million users in 1995 to an estimated 2,937 million in March of 2014” As the importance of e-commerce increases so does the need to protect the technological infrastructure that will carry out online transactions for each business regardless of its size. I will attempt to highlight and review the history of a few cyber crimes to show the progression of the crimes within the last 30-40 years. I also plan to review how the economy and consumers are impacted by cyber crimes. Finally I will make an effort to contribute with information gathering on how to lower the risk of a cyber attack from and individual user to a large scale business.
In the past, a major finical institution, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., experienced a Denial of Services attack in 2013, which halted banking access for some of their users via the company website. The company devoted large amounts of resources and hours to restore services for their customers (Dion Global Solutions Limited 2013). This type of cyber-attack can hinder the lively hood of some of customers who depend on the use online methods to make vital payments. Further, the ability for attackers to impede the flow of money or commerce can have a global economic impact. Because of a company’s reputation at stake, many of these attacks may go
Every day, citizens are constantly losing money and being victimized due to these fraudulent activities. Cyber crime, including fraud, identity theft, stalking, and hacking, is a growing problem that can be prevented by taking the proper precautions. The biggest cases of cyber crimes are cases of fraud. Online fraud comes in many forms. It ranges from viruses that attack computers with the goal of retrieving personal information, to email schemes that lure victims into wiring money to fraudulent sources” (What is “online fraud”).
Cybercrime is a global issue plaguing the world. The dictionary defines cybercrime as “crime conducted via the Internet or some other computer network”(Merriam-Webster). The definition remains very broad because the word “cyber” is defined as “relating to the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality.” Due to the growing number of people gaining access to the internet, rapid development of technology, and the globalization of the world, more of the world population is becoming susceptible to involvement in cybercrime – whether it be as a victim or a criminal. Cybercrime involves different levels of the world on both the victim and criminal side from an individual citizen, to small groups, businesses, and the government, to the countries of the world. There are different groups from law enforcement agencies to the U.S. Secret Service, that are attempting to combat the problem through cooperation and preemptive efforts. If these groups combined with the public to protect themselves and the country from criminals that commit cybercrime, the nation’s network and technology servers would be much safer for technology users. Clearly, cybercrime is a problem because it puts internet users at risk of being taken advantage of or harmed.