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Coronary vascular disorders
Coronary artery disease term paper and bibliography
Coronary artery disease term paper and bibliography
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Recommended: Coronary vascular disorders
Coronary artery disease develops in the human body, when there is the narrowing or blockage of the arteries and vessels of which supply blood to the heart (Narins, 2013). This is caused by the hardening of the arteries. Therefore, this blockage cause restriction of blood flow throughout the arteries. Once the blood flow is cut off in the arteries, this results in a person having a heart attack (Narins, 2013). There are many ways to prevent the onset of this disease, according to Narins
. These include:
• Regular exercise.
• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Controlling drinking habits.
• Managing stress.
• Drinking in moderation.
• No smoking.
• Proper Nutrition
• Avoiding recreational drugs.
• Monitoring hypertension.
I would let my relative
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However, it important that is gets diagnosed right away or else it can cause a heart attack, which can lead to death (Thompson, 2013). Lastly, they can even help manage this disease by using lifestyle changes. The medications that a person can take for coronary artery disease includes: aspirin, beta blockers, nitroglycerin, ACE inhibitors, and cholesterol modifying medications (Mayo Clinic, 2018). These medications can help with coronary artery disease and they can help prevent hearts attacks. According the Mayo Clinic, the drug nitroglycerin can help with chest pains. All of these medications are important and they can potentially save someone’s life from coronary artery disease. There are two surgeries that can help with coronary artery disease. The first surgery is an angioplasty with a stent placement. The angioplasty helps to open the blocked or narrowed arteries. The stent placement helps to keep the artery open, therefore that helps blood to continue to flow (Mayo Clinic, 2018). The second surgery is a coronary artery bypass surgery. This surgery consists of the surgeon using another vessel from the body, which bypasses the blocked artery. Therefore, allowing the blood to pass by the blocked artery through the new vessel (Mayo Clinic,
Cardiomyopathy, by definition, means the weakening of the heart muscle. The heart is operated by a striated muscle that relies on the autonomic nervous system to function. Cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in four different ways based on what caused the illness and exactly what part of the heart is weakened. The four main types of cardiomyopathy are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. One other category of cardiomyopathy that is diagnosed is “unclassified cardiomyopathy.” Unclassified cardiomyopathy is the weakening of the heart that does not fit into the main four categories.
Endovascular stent graft repair is designed to help reinforce a weakened aorta. Endovascular surgery is performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent surrounded with a fabric liner. Endovascular stent grafting uses an endovascular stent graft to reinforce the wall of the aorta and to help keep the damaged area from rupturing and developing into a potentially serious health problem that can be fatal and cause massive internal bleeding.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of multifactorial chronic heart disease. It is a consequence of plaque buildup in coronary arteries. The arterial blood vessels, which begin out smooth and elastic become narrow and rigid, curtailing blood flow resulting in deprived of oxygen and nutrients to the heart [1].
Coronary heart disease is defined by the hardening of the epicardial coronary arteries. The buildup of plaque in the arteries slowly narrows the coronary artery lumen. In order to better understand the physiology of the disease, it is important to first know the basic anatomy of the human heart. The aorta, located in the superior region of the heart, branches off into two main coronary blood vessels, otherwise known as arteries. The arteries are located on the left and right side of the heart and span its surface. They subsequently branch off into smaller arteries which supply oxygen-rich blood to the entire heart (Texas Heart Institute, 2013). Therefore, the narrowing of these arteries due to plaque buildup significantly impairs blood flow throughout the heart.
Heart disease describes a range of conditions that affect your heart. Diseases under the heart disease umbrella include blood vessel diseases, heart rhythm problems, and heart defects. The major cause of this is a build-up of fatty plaques in the arteries. Plaque build-up thickens and stiffens the vessel walls, which can inhibit blood flow through the arteries to organs and tissues.
Coronary artery disease develops when your coronary arteries the major blood vessels that supply your heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients become damaged or diseased. Cholesterol containing deposits or plaque on your arteries are usually to blame for coronary artery disease. When plaques build up, they narrow your coronary arteries, causing your heart to receive less blood. Eventually, the decreased blood flow may cause chest pain, shortness of breath, or other coronary artery disease signs and symptoms. A complete blockage can cause a heart attack.
Today, cardiovascular disease is “the number one killer in the United States and the developed world” (Sapolsky, 2004, p. 41). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common form of cardiovascular disease, and is responsible for claiming an unreasonable amount of lives every year. CHD can begin to accumulate in young adults, but is prominently found in both men and women in their later adult lives. As a result of CHD, men typically experience heart attacks, whereas women present with chest pains, known as angina (Matthews, 2005).
One of the leading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. “Approximately every 29 seconds one American will have a heart attack, and once a minute one American will die from a heart attack” (Ford-Martin and Odle, 915). According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55 are considered at risk for heart disease. Heart disease is a major cause of death. It is beneficial to individuals who seek to prevent heart disease to recognize the risks leading to heart attacks as they are one of the primary indications of developing heart disease; especially those that fall into the at risk age groups. These risks consist of some that cannot be changed such as heredity risks, or those that can change such as smoking habits. It is very important to know these specific risks for prevention and to understand the symptoms of heart attacks, such as sweating or the feeling of weakness so if these or other symptoms occur people are aware. Finally heart disease treatment is of vital importance if you experience a heart attack so you can learn how to prevent another one from occurring.
...lood Vessel Stents.” 1-3). Bypass surgery is another option; a blood vessel from somewhere in the body is used to go around the blocked artery. This completely bypasses the blocked artery, so it no longer becomes an issue. Thrombolytic therapy is a method that involves injecting a medication into the artery that will dissolve the clot and allow blood to pass freely through the artery (“Peripheral Artery Disease.” 3).
Oxygen was first admitted to the client with chest pain over 100 years ago (Metcalfe, 2011). Chest pain is a large bracket that can contain many different conditions, but for the purpose of this analysis it is focused manly upon a myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction is mainly referred to as a heart attack, and occurs when one or more coronary arteries leading to the heart reduce or completely stop blood flow (Tuipulotu, 2013 ). Administering high concentrations of oxygen to patients with chest pain is now embedded in guidelines, protocols and care pathways, even with a lack of clear supporting evidence (Nicholson, 2004 ). High concentration of oxygen means that up to 60% is administered (Knott, 2012). More recent research has suggested that the use of oxygen in this scenario is unnecessary and can lead to unwanted side effects, especially in normoxic cardiac patients (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). The aim of this comparative analysis is to dismantle and understand both the benefits and risks of the commonly known practice of administration of oxygen to the client with chest pain. Through completing this analysis using recent and appropriate evidence a more improved practice can be given and understood.
Introduction: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has been reported in 0.1 to 0.4 percent of cases presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is particularly common in young women. Risk factors include multiparity, post-partum state and collagen vascular diseases. We present a case of SCAD in a patient who had undergone orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). Case: A 71-year old female presented for routine post-transplant surveillance angiogram. She had undergone OHT for non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy from a young female donor 7 years ago. Previous annual surveillance angiograms were normal and endomyocardial biopsies had not revealed cellular or humoral rejection. This angiogram revealed normal right coronary, but an intraluminal filling
The World Health Organization defines coronary heart disease as a disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle where they are narrowing or blockage causes by cholesterol plagues deposit on the vessel wall resulting in abnormal thickening of the of the heart vessels (WHO, 2014). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of 10 leading causes of death in the world (WHO, 2013). It remains the top major killers worldwide and continues to be a major burden in public health (Ferrari & Fox, 2009).
Carotid endarterectomy procedure “is a surgical procedure to open or clean the carotid artery with the goal of stroke prevention.”4 This procedure is performed on patients who have a moderate (50-79%) blockage and are experiencing symptoms coinciding with a stroke, mini-stroke, or TIA. Also, patients presenting with a severe (more than 80%) blockage whether they have symptoms or not. Carotid artery stenting has been compared to the carotid endarterectomy and for some surgeons it’s considered a good alternative. In a study published in 2016, it was found that stroke/death rates were significantly higher in patients undergoing a carotid artery stent when compared to a carotid endoarterectomy.5 This suggests the carotid endarterectomy is the best option for patients presenting with blockages. Due to this patient’s symptoms we can infer he may have had a mini-stroke or TIA. The patient experienced a temporary episode of stroke like symptoms which commonly occurs when a clot causes a blockage but is then dislodged or
According to MedlinePlus, the recovery for every CAD patient differs. There are some patients that can stay healthy just by following the simple methods of treatment that include making a change in what you eat, no longer smoking, and continuing to take the medication the doctors give you (2). However, there are some that need the angioplasty or surgery. But usually, getting diagnosed early with this disease can bring about a better outcome (2). A study of 252 patients was conducted by John O. Parker, M.D that shows that what the influence of angiographic and hemodynamic features do to the survival rate of CAD patients (7). None of these patients received revascularization surgery either. After 5 years of this study the survival rate for the
Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke. The leading Cause of cardiovascular disease can be smoking, diabetes, stress, high blood pressure and excessive use of alcohol or caffeine.In this passage I will be informing you about 5 risk factors that can be controlled to reduce your risk for cardiovascular disease