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Effects of smoking on cardiovascular disease essay
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According to MedlinePlus, the recovery for every CAD patient differs. There are some patients that can stay healthy just by following the simple methods of treatment that include making a change in what you eat, no longer smoking, and continuing to take the medication the doctors give you (2). However, there are some that need the angioplasty or surgery. But usually, getting diagnosed early with this disease can bring about a better outcome (2). A study of 252 patients was conducted by John O. Parker, M.D that shows that what the influence of angiographic and hemodynamic features do to the survival rate of CAD patients (7). None of these patients received revascularization surgery either. After 5 years of this study the survival rate for the
The normal core temperature in adults ranges between 36.5°C and 37.5°C and hypothermia can be defined as core body temperature less than 36°C.(ref 1)
Lippincott, W. (2013). Management of Patients with Cerebrovascular Disorders. Brunner and suddarth's textbook of medical -surgical nursing 12th ed. + nursing diagnosis, (p. 1895). S.l.: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Maintaining normal core body temperature (normothermia) in patients within perioperative environments is both a challenging and important aspect to ensure patient safety, comfort and positive surgical outcomes (Tanner, 2011; Wu, 2013; Lynch, Dixon & Leary, 2010). Normorthermia is defined as temperatures from 36C to 38C, and is maintained through thermoregulation which is the balance between heat loss and heat gain (Paulikas, 2008). When normothermia is not maintained within the perioperative environments, and the patient’s core body temperature drops below 36C, they are at risk of developing various adverse consequences due to perioperative hypothermia (Wagner, 2010). Perioperative hypothermia is classified into three
Hypothermia protocol for the post cardiac arrest patient has been an evidence based practice of this therapy for about a decade now. This intervention, often used in the critical care setting, is now expanding to primary emergency responders as well. This paper will present some of the notable research that has been done on therapeutic hypothermia, and current use of this intervention.
...go coronary artery bypass surgery or dilation of cardiac arteries (angioplasty) to slow the progression of cardiovascular disease.(8)”
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of multifactorial chronic heart disease. It is a consequence of plaque buildup in coronary arteries. The arterial blood vessels, which begin out smooth and elastic become narrow and rigid, curtailing blood flow resulting in deprived of oxygen and nutrients to the heart [1].
Similarly, going along with the prior rebuttal of the importance of differentiating juvenile’s characteristics and actions of that of an adult, science is compiling more evidence of its vitality. Many adults can look back and reminisce about an action he or she did when younger and say, “Wow I cannot believe I did that.” Science has proven the reason behind that is because an adolescent’s brain has not yet fully matured. Tsui states “Studies conclusively established that the brain of an adolescent is not fully developed, particularly in the area of the prefrontal cortex, which is critical to higher order cognitive functioning and impulse control” (645). The facts of scientific research need to be taken into consideration when distinguishing
problems within the specific ion channels known to cause the disease. The goal of the
Our text book, Systems of Psychotherapy, describes psychotherapy as “…the informed and intentional application of clinical methods and interpersonal stances derived from established psychological principles for the purpose of assisting people to modify their behaviors, cognitions, emotions, and/or other personal characteristics in directions that the participants deem desirable.”
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a procedure that can be life-saving for patients with heart disease, but it also carries risks after the procedure that can impact patient outcomes negatively. Because over 395,000 Americans have CABG surgery each year, and the risk-adjusted mortality rate for patients is 2%, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) statistics, health care professionals must find ways of reducing risks and complications to improve the outcomes for many patients (Ferguson, 2012). Heart disease is often comorbid with other conditions, like lung disease, peripheral arterial disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which can raise the risk of complications (Ferguson, 2012; Nejati-Namin, Ataie-Jafari, Amirkalali, Hosseini, Sheik Hathollahi, & Najafi, 2013). Complications that can arise following surgery include atrial fibrillation, prolonged inflammatory reactions, a build up of fluid near the heart, accelerated atherosclerosis, and nearby vein or artery blockage (Gokalp, Ilhan, Gurbuz, Cetin, Kocaman, Erdogan, & … Satiroglu, 2013; Ferguson, 2012; Scheiber-Camoretti, Mehrotra, Ling, Raman, Beshai, & Bowman, 2013; Sicaja, Starcevic, Sebetic, Raguz, & Vuksanovic, 2013). These complications can lead to increased lengths of stay, increased readmission rates, risk of further complications, failure of the bypass graft, cognitive dysfunction and memory loss, patient suffering, and even death (Ferguson, 2012; Gokalp et al., 2013; Sicaja et al., 2013). In turn, nurses, other care providers, and institutions may face negative consequences themselves, including a risk of lawsuits, increased employee workload, higher per-patient costs, reduced or withheld private insurance, Medicaid, and Medicare reimbursements, auditing...
Cardiovascular Disease is defined by the American Heart Association as “Heart and blood vessel disease”. Atherosclerosis of the arteries, can lead to hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, heart valve problems, myocardial infarctions or a stroke (AHA, 2016). In this paper, all of heart and vessel diseases aforementioned, will be considered cardiovascular disease (CVD). According to
1) Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)/Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): In the United States, CAD accounts for one death every minute making it a leading cause of death (Kones, 2011). Individuals at risk for CAD include those with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable risk factors for CAD include: age, race, family history. Modifiable risk factors include: hypertension, obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and minimal to no physical exercise. If untreated, CAD can lead to heart failure (Kones, 2011). Individuals with CAD may present to their primary care providers with symptoms such as: angina, shortness of breath, indigestion/heartburn, and dyspnea on exertion. Individuals develop CAD when plaque obstructs the coronary arteries
Being hypothermic or having frostbite on any part of your body can be very dangerous. This is an interesting topic because it can happen to anyone at anytime and if your are not prepared for it, it can be life threatening. If you are just going out to play in the snow and you are not dressed warm enough or all your skin is not covered frostbite can develop and you are at risk of hypothermia. Even if it is not snowing and there is not a cloud in the sky you can develop hypothermia if it is cold enough. If you are going to go hiking or skiing you will want to be aware of what hypothermia is and what to do if you get frostbite as this can result in the amputation of limbs and fingers. When skiing up in Vermont over Christmas break while going down the mountain my fingers started hurting and they were very cold. My dad and I were going down to the base of mountain, it was our final run of the day. We were skiing in negative 20 degree weather. This sparked my interest in hypothermia and frostbite because if we had not decided to get off the mountain frostbite developed on my hands and fingers and I would have run the risk of maybe getting them amputated. The purpose of writing this paper is to show how dangerous and lethal hypothermia and frostbite are if not taken care of properly.
Cerebrovascular disorders was first described in 2400 years ago and after that it got so many different names like apoplexy ,cerebrovascular attack, cerebrovascular accident, cerebral attack.(1) It is the third Leading cause to death in United States and also the main cause of long term disability.(2) Each year cerebral accident involves almost 795000 individuals in America and it is a vascular defect which starts suddenly and lasts more than 24 hours and remains a neural defect.(3)Cerebrovascular disease relates to any blood vascular damage and is the third cause of death after heart diseases and cancer in united states.(4)Cerebral attack is one of disabilities and mortality factors all over the world and cause more than 5 million deaths
Biomedical therapy is when a person is given medication to help treat their disorder, except it's more for management of the symptoms as it doesn't cure the disorder ("Module 14.2: Types of Treatment"., n.d.). However, not all people using biomedical therapy are also use psychotherapy or vice versa. Psychotherapy is more focused on personal growth to overcome problems ("Module 14.2: "Types of Treatment"., n.d.). I personally believe that what is most effective depends on the person. Some people only need psychotherapy where others may only need a biomedical solution and others need both. There isn't a right answer for every single person as there's so many variables to consider when seeking treatment.