Juliet Anosike
Medical Terminology 178
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Ischemic Heart Disease, also known as Coronary Artery Disease, is a condition that affects the supply of blood to the heart. Coronary artery disease may show no signs of symptoms, or chest pain before you know heart attack. The blood vessels are narrowed or blocked due to the deposition of cholesterol on their walls. This reduces the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscles, which is essential for proper functioning of the heart. This may eventually result in a portion of the heart being suddenly deprived of its blood supply leading to the death of that area of heart tissue, resulting in a heart attack. The cardiovascular issue has been a big problem for people who
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doesn’t really monitor their heart when something goes wrong, I say from experience my hubby hardly visits the hospital because he believes the bills is so much and he almost lost his life to the cardiovascular disease. Since 2011, he has been suffering from high blood pressure, he doesn’t smoke and smoking is not healthy for the heart too, just last month he has some blood work done because he was told his pre-diabetic like we know been diabetic is something we have to try not to be traced to except if it runs in the family, lack of exercise is not healthy, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet that I mention is not healthy, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. Eat healthily and like I said exercise regularly to be fit As the heart is the pump that supplies oxygenated blood to the various organs, any defect in the heart immediately affects the supply of oxygen to the vital organs like the brain, kidneys, liver, etc. This leads to the death of tissue within these organs and their eventual failure. Ischemic Heart Disease is the most common cause of death in many countries around the world. CAUSES OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE1,2 The major risk factors are smoking, diabetes mellitus and cholesterol levels. Those with Hypercholesterolemia have a much higher tendency to develop the disease. Hypertension is also a risk factor in the development of Ischemic Heart Disease Genetic and hereditary factors may also be responsible for the disease. Stress is also thought to be a risk factor. ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE PREVENTION1,2: Fatty diet, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and stress should be avoided, as they are the main causes of Ischemic heart diseases. Avoiding foods rich in saturated fats is important to reduce lipid levels in the blood and to prevent arteriosclerosis. Adequate regular exercise is also essential keeping one fit and healthy. Cholesterol and hypertension should be kept under good control with proper treatment to avoid serious health problem. Procedures: Coronary artery bypass surgery, Coronary stent, Angioplasty.
The procedure
Angioplasty is performed while you are awake, under local anesthetic. It's sometimes uncomfortable, but not usually painful. The surgeon makes a small incision in the groin or arm and inserts a thin tube, called a catheter, into the artery. The catheter includes a small balloon and a small wire tube, called a stent. Once the catheter is in place, a dye is injected and X-rays are taken, which tell the physician exactly where the blockages are and how narrow the artery is. This is also known as an angiogram and functions as a map for the doctor.
Angioplasty: surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel, especially a coronary artery. Angioplasty is a technique for reopening narrowed or blocked arteries in the heart (coronary arteries) without major surgery. Treatment also involves advice regarding regular exercise, avoiding smoking, diet control and lifestyle modification. Good control of diabetes and hypertension significantly improves the outlook will surely be great with proper treatment, most patients will be able to lead normal and healthy
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lives. Summary There are goals set for managing patients with stable IHD include reducing premature cardiovascular death and nonfatal MI while maintaining a level of activity, functional capacity, and quality of life that is satisfactory to the patient. Medical care like revascularization to improve survival, and revascularization to improve symptoms. Because of the variation in symptoms and clinical characteristics among patients, as well as their unique perceptions, expectations, and preferences, there is clearly no single correct approach to any given set of clinical circumstances. Patient education regarding various therapeutic options, appropriate levels of exercise, diet and weight control, and the importance of various clinical manifestations play a key role in achieving the treatment goal. Lifestyle modifications are also critical for all patients with stable IHD to control weight and high blood pressure and manage diabetes. What I am meant to understand is for everyone to study his or her body system very well when you notice usual sign in your body especially something strange try as much as possible to see your health provider, I mean your physician Patients with stable IHD usually have multiple risk factors for heart disease, vascular disease, and stroke.
That is why I chose to write on this aspect of heart disease because it has a lot of risk factors surround it which include hypertension, cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and psychological states (such as depression) that contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. I do have preeclampsia whenever I am pregnant, my third child I had what is called HELLP syndrome after childbirth. Which has a lot to do with high blood pressure? The approach to the management for all risk factors requires partnerships to find the solution to your heart problem among the healthcare team, the patient and family, and the community. The goal of this partnership is to assure an effective exchange of information rating to stages of the heart problem, sharing of concerns, and improved understanding of treatments with the aim of improving quality-of-life and health outcomes, which is what am going through being pregnant again for the fourth time effective patient education and counseling as well as active patient involvement are crucial, I have been praying and getting involved in little exercise to help keep fit and eating healthy as well . Successful clinical management depends on patients' understanding of their condition, their ability to safely adhere to complex medical therapies, and their willingness to communicate on a regular basis with
their health care team can help can help rescue one from dying. Effectively communicating with patients about their condition; management of and adherence to recommended lifestyle changes and medications, diagnostic tests, and procedures; and the necessity of reporting adverse effects is essential Reference http://www.srspharma.com/ischemic-heart-disease-treatment-causes-symptoms.htm http://www.webhealthcentre.com/DiseaseConditions/heart.aspx http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1392195
Coronary artery disease is a heart disease characterized by narrow arteries and restricted blood flow in arteries and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally.[1] According to WHO estimation, 6.8% in men and 5.3% in women are affected globally.[2-4] Cardiovascular disease account for 29% of all deaths in Canada; of all the cardiovascular death, 54% and 23% was due to ischemic heart disease and heart attack, respectively. The total costs for heart disease and stroke were more than $20.9 billion every year. [5,6] With more than 1 artery impacted, multivessel coronary artery disease is more complex and more likely accompanied by other comorbidities including diabetes or high blood pressure; multivessel coronary artery disease usually is more difficult to deal with, has worse prognosis and cost more compared with single coronary artery disease. [7]
An artery is an elastic blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart. There are two main types of arteries: pulmonary arteries and systemic arteries.
Endovascular stent graft repair is designed to help reinforce a weakened aorta. Endovascular surgery is performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent surrounded with a fabric liner. Endovascular stent grafting uses an endovascular stent graft to reinforce the wall of the aorta and to help keep the damaged area from rupturing and developing into a potentially serious health problem that can be fatal and cause massive internal bleeding.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of multifactorial chronic heart disease. It is a consequence of plaque buildup in coronary arteries. The arterial blood vessels, which begin out smooth and elastic become narrow and rigid, curtailing blood flow resulting in deprived of oxygen and nutrients to the heart [1].
Cardiovascular disease has become an increasingly significant issue in many countries as it is the leading cause of death for the whole human population. According to World Health Organization, ischemic heart disease had caused about 7 million people to lose their life in 2011. One of the most common cardiovascular illnesses is myocardial infarction. It is defined as the death of cardiac myocytes due to complete blockage of a coronary artery. t-PA is a thrombolytic drug that used to treat myocardial infarction by dissolving the thrombus that causes the occlusion.
I sat behind a large wall of glass, through which I studied the surgeons as they delicately inserted catheters into people’s wrists and examined X-rays. The nurses got so used to having me around that they didn’t mind taking a few moments out of their exhaustive schedules to show me how arteries work, the different types of blood clots, and ways for treating them. Mesmerized, I observed the surgeons cautiously pumped precisely measured fluid into the bodies of their patients, after which they inserted a small balloon at the site of clot blockage which helped compress and remove the built-up plaque. After the procedures ended, I couldn’t help barraging the surgeons with questions, and found their stories just as inspiring as their work. Not only did they give me great advice and hilarious anecdotes, but after listening to my own story and aspirations they each spurred me to pursue my dreams with greater
Coronary heart disease is defined by the hardening of the epicardial coronary arteries. The buildup of plaque in the arteries slowly narrows the coronary artery lumen. In order to better understand the physiology of the disease, it is important to first know the basic anatomy of the human heart. The aorta, located in the superior region of the heart, branches off into two main coronary blood vessels, otherwise known as arteries. The arteries are located on the left and right side of the heart and span its surface. They subsequently branch off into smaller arteries which supply oxygen-rich blood to the entire heart (Texas Heart Institute, 2013). Therefore, the narrowing of these arteries due to plaque buildup significantly impairs blood flow throughout the heart.
Blood clots can accumulate due to atherosclerosis plaque buildup. When plaque builds up and break off in the artery a blood clot can form. If the blood clot is large enough, it can particularly or completely block the artery. A blocked artery segment is what causes tissue death due to deprived oxygenated blood. If this problem is not treated right away, the portion of the heart fed by the artery will begin to die. Scar tissue will form on what was once health heart tissue. The heart damage may not be noticeable, or it may cause severe or long-lasting problems. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) Another cause of heart attacks is due to a severe coronary artery spasm, this is this least common cause. Coronary artery spasms are brief temporary tightening or contraction of the muscles in the artery wall. Spasms can emerge in coronary arteries that aren 't affected by atherosclerosis. It 's not clear as to why these spasms arise but they are most likely due to: physical exertion, emotional stress or pain, exposure to extreme cold, cigarette smoking, cocaine
A heart attack (myocardial infarction) is the death of heart muscle due to the loss of blood supply. Usually, the loss of blood supply is caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot. A coronary artery is an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle. Death of the heart muscle causes chest pain and electrical instability of the heart muscle tissue. Electrical instability of the heart causes ventricular fibrillation (chaotic electrical disturbance). Orderly transmission of electrical signals in the heart is important for the regular beating (pumping) of the heart. A heart undergoing ventricular fibrillation quivers, and can not pump or deliver oxygenated blood to the brain. Permanent brain damage and death can occur unless oxygenated blood flow is restored within five minutes.
Heart disease describes a range of conditions that affect your heart. Diseases under the heart disease umbrella include blood vessel diseases, heart rhythm problems, and heart defects. The major cause of this is a build-up of fatty plaques in the arteries. Plaque build-up thickens and stiffens the vessel walls, which can inhibit blood flow through the arteries to organs and tissues.
CHD is primarily due to atherosclerosis, which is the blockage of blood flow in the arteries due to the accumulation of fats, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. Atherosclerosis takes place over many years, but when the blood flow becomes so limited due to the build up of plaque in the arteries, there becomes a serious problem. “When...
Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease affects 16.8 million people in the United States and causes more than 607,000 deaths annually (Lemone, chap.30). It is caused by atherosclerosis which is the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries causing impaired blood flow to the myocardium. CAD or coronary artery syndrome is usually without symptoms but may induce heart attack, angina and acute coronary syndrome if not properly treated. There are many risk factors associated with CAD like obesity, high cholesterol diet, hereditary, physical inactivity, just to name a few. Patients with CAD may be unable to identify and manage their risks factors. It is imperative for nurses to educate the patient about CAD and measures to enhance their health.
Coronary heart disease occurs when some of the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle become narrowed with fatty deposits. In this condition fatty deposits called plaque, composed of cholesterol (see later) and fats, build up on the inner wall of the coronary arteries. When arteries are narrowed, the heart is not fully supplied with the oxygen and other nutrients it needs. If an artery is completely blocked, a heart attack occurs. Heart disease is very common.
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. (social inequality, 2009). Heart disease is a structural or functional abnormality of the heart, or the blood vessel supplying the heart, that impairs its functioning. (free dictionary). Heart disease is also known as cardiovascular disease. Since there are many conditions related with heart disease. The most common types are coronary artery disease or damage in the heart’s major blood vessels, stroke or damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply, and high blood pressure or a condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls in too high. These conditions may lead to a heart attack. (mayo).
Myocardial infarction occurs when the coronary arteries are blocked by a blood clot. It is commonly known as “heart attack”. The heart needs its own constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to work properly. Two coronary arteries delivery oxygenated blood to the heart, and if one of these two arteries fail or become blocked, then a portion of the heart will not acquire the necessary oxygen. This clot could be because of CAD (coronary artery disease), which happens when the inner walls of the coronary arteries thicken because of build up of cholesterol, fatty deposit, calcium among other elements that are carried in the blood (Boston Scientific, 2009).