Introduction: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has been reported in 0.1 to 0.4 percent of cases presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is particularly common in young women. Risk factors include multiparity, post-partum state and collagen vascular diseases. We present a case of SCAD in a patient who had undergone orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). Case: A 71-year old female presented for routine post-transplant surveillance angiogram. She had undergone OHT for non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy from a young female donor 7 years ago. Previous annual surveillance angiograms were normal and endomyocardial biopsies had not revealed cellular or humoral rejection. This angiogram revealed normal right coronary, but an intraluminal filling …show more content…
Left main artery was normal, so it was unlikely that the diagnostic catheter engagement caused traumatic dissection. She denied any chest discomfort and electrocardiogram showed no ischemic changes. Intravascular ultrasound was not performed due to the risk of worsening of the dissection flap in an asymptomatic patient with no evidence of ischemia and normal distal flow. Serial cardiac markers and electrocardiograms were unremarkable. Echocardiogram revealed no regional wall motion abnormalities with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. The patient was observed in the coronary care unit and treated with dual antiplatelet therapy. She had an uneventful hospital course. Discussion: SCAD is an uncommon cause of ACS. Patients lack the traditional risk factors for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease but certain populations have been identified. This patient had received OHT from a young female which could be a contributing factor for the development of SCAD. The absence of angina in heart transplant recipients is due to denervation of the graft. Although corticosteroids may be a risk factor, the majority of OHT recipients are weaned off by 6
Although we haven't covered these systems in detail yet, which of the following systems would involve gas exchange of CO2 and O2?
Revascularization strategies including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are recommended as treatments for coronary artery disease. [8-11] CABG generally cost more ...
Cardiomyopathy, by definition, means the weakening of the heart muscle. The heart is operated by a striated muscle that relies on the autonomic nervous system to function. Cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in four different ways based on what caused the illness and exactly what part of the heart is weakened. The four main types of cardiomyopathy are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. One other category of cardiomyopathy that is diagnosed is “unclassified cardiomyopathy.” Unclassified cardiomyopathy is the weakening of the heart that does not fit into the main four categories.
27-Ussia GP, Scarabelli M, Mulè M, et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy versus aspirin alone in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.Am J Cardiol 2011;108:1772–6.
An artery is an elastic blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart. There are two main types of arteries: pulmonary arteries and systemic arteries.
...sures (Milewicz, 2005). Acute dissection may be accompanied by all of the classic signs and symptoms similar to that of a heart attack, or it may be clinically silent. In an effort to decrease the mortality rate of patients suffering from Marfans and have a potentially high risk of aortic dissection, current studies are investigating the safety and practicality of endovascular stent graft repair.
The term acute myocardial infarction is used when talking about myocardial necrosis in a setting consistent with myocardial ischemia (Steg, et al., 2012). Acute myocardial infarctions are the major cause of disability and death worldwide. Myocardial infarctions can be one of the first signs of acute coronary syndrome and they can also occur repeatedly in patients that have an ongoing coronary artery disease (Thygesen, et al., 2012).
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of multifactorial chronic heart disease. It is a consequence of plaque buildup in coronary arteries. The arterial blood vessels, which begin out smooth and elastic become narrow and rigid, curtailing blood flow resulting in deprived of oxygen and nutrients to the heart [1].
Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease affects 16.8 million people in the United States and causes more than 607,000 deaths annually (Lemone, chap.30). It is caused by atherosclerosis which is the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries causing impaired blood flow to the myocardium. CAD or coronary artery syndrome is usually without symptoms but may induce heart attack, angina and acute coronary syndrome if not properly treated. There are many risk factors associated with CAD like obesity, high cholesterol diet, hereditary, physical inactivity, just to name a few. Patients with CAD may be unable to identify and manage their risks factors. It is imperative for nurses to educate the patient about CAD and measures to enhance their health.
There are many causes in America that leads to mortality. Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in America. Coronary heart disease, heart attacks, and other diseases can lead to heart failure. Coronary heart disease cost an estimate of $108.9 billion for the United States in 2010. The total costs include medications, decrease in productivity, and medical services.
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. (social inequality, 2009). Heart disease is a structural or functional abnormality of the heart, or the blood vessel supplying the heart, that impairs its functioning. (free dictionary). Heart disease is also known as cardiovascular disease. Since there are many conditions related with heart disease. The most common types are coronary artery disease or damage in the heart’s major blood vessels, stroke or damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply, and high blood pressure or a condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls in too high. These conditions may lead to a heart attack. (mayo).
Throughout history, it seems that medicine and spirituality have been linked in many circumstances. In a study looking at the use of complementary and alternative therapies in cardiac patients, spiritual healing was one of many practices patient sought to utilize. In another study, 29% of participants chose to use prayer or premeditation as a way to cope with their chronic illness. In both studies, prayer or meditation was more likely to be used by individuals who had a large social network, as well as support from another person in the same health situation. Based on these studies, it seems that many individuals (not just cardiovascular patients) turn to their spirituality in times of health distress.
Atherosclerosis is a disease that occurs when arteries become blocked, inflamed, or hardened. As a result of this, blood cannot easily pass through the artery, and blood pressure increases. Many people suffer from atherosclerosis as they age, but young people can be affected by atherosclerosis also. There are many preventative steps that can be taken to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis; however, if atherosclerosis does develop in the arteries, medications can be given to help the individual receive adequate blood flow to important tissues. Atherosclerosis is a very serious condition that requires medical attention and a change in life style because it is a precursor to many dangerous and potentially fatal diseases.
Oxygen was first admitted to the client with chest pain over 100 years ago (Metcalfe, 2011). Chest pain is a large bracket that can contain many different conditions, but for the purpose of this analysis it is focused manly upon a myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction is mainly referred to as a heart attack, and occurs when one or more coronary arteries leading to the heart reduce or completely stop blood flow (Tuipulotu, 2013 ). Administering high concentrations of oxygen to patients with chest pain is now embedded in guidelines, protocols and care pathways, even with a lack of clear supporting evidence (Nicholson, 2004 ). High concentration of oxygen means that up to 60% is administered (Knott, 2012). More recent research has suggested that the use of oxygen in this scenario is unnecessary and can lead to unwanted side effects, especially in normoxic cardiac patients (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). The aim of this comparative analysis is to dismantle and understand both the benefits and risks of the commonly known practice of administration of oxygen to the client with chest pain. Through completing this analysis using recent and appropriate evidence a more improved practice can be given and understood.
Myocardial infarction occurs when the coronary arteries are blocked by a blood clot. It is commonly known as “heart attack”. The heart needs its own constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to work properly. Two coronary arteries delivery oxygenated blood to the heart, and if one of these two arteries fail or become blocked, then a portion of the heart will not acquire the necessary oxygen. This clot could be because of CAD (coronary artery disease), which happens when the inner walls of the coronary arteries thicken because of build up of cholesterol, fatty deposit, calcium among other elements that are carried in the blood (Boston Scientific, 2009).