In the past, it is not much pedestrian traffic along the street because of the lower population. However, due to the population increasing in 1960-70s.The government considerate that the number of pedestrian traffic such as footbridge is so important, so the government have to increase the total number of all pedestrian traffic like footbridge. With the time changed, the safety and technical of bridge structure form has also changed and improved. Nowadays, almost footbridge in Hong Kong is made by concrete including prestressed concrete bridge.
This project will discuss about some basic structure analysis of prestressed concrete bridge and design a newly footbridge according the structure design manual for highway department.
First, there is several type of the footbridge. We need to compare all form of footbridge and pick the best one to design.
Second, we should choose the suitable place or area to start the construction.
Third, at the same time, we could find the design code and the legal requirement for footbridge design.
Then, we can have show some preliminary drawing (footbridge detail) according the area.
Finally, we can calculate the simple design load (Dead Load, Wind Load, Live Load) base on the preliminary drawing.
A beam bridge consists of a horizontal beam that is supported at each end by piers.
When a load pushes down on the beam, the beam's top edge is pushed together (compression) and the bottom edge is stretched (tension).
Single span beam bridges rarely span more than 100 m to cross great distances.
The beam bridge is general used because of the bridge's simple design and construction. And the simple support beam bridge is the most economical form of the bridge.
Trusses are formed of straight members in a tria...
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...hen the cables have placed, the supporting parts of the bridge are finished.
In this part of the report, we have to found all type of the footbridge (e.g. Beam Bridge, truss bridge). We also compare the advantage and disadvantage of the footbridge like cost of the construction, material and appearance).
Then we found the suitable place to plan and design the bridge. We have drawn the preliminary drawing for the footbridge detail such as stairway and ramp.
Finally according the size of the footbridge, we have some preliminary calculate (dead load and live load).
For the next part of the report, we need to have some detail calculation for the bridge. For example, the wind load, the prestressed concrete design, steel design, column and foundation design. With this detail calculation that will make sure the place or location is suitable for the footbridge construction.
“It was designed with a twenty-two foot roadway and one five-foot sidewalk” (Silver). The silver bridge is a very long bridge. “An eye-bar is a long steel plate having large circular ends with an "eye" or hole through which a pin is used to connect to other eyebars (to make a chain) or to other parts of the bridge.” according to Richard Fields. The whole bridge was built using the eye-bar suspension.
Based on the research conducted, the bridge being built will be a Pratt or Parker Bridge with a height of about 2.5 inches. Members will connect to one another through lap joints, and when a lap joint cannot be used, an end joint with two gussets securing it in place will be used. Gorilla Glue and Alteco ST50 Super Glue will be used to connect members at these joints. The glue will be applied to balsa members pinned to a workspace through a glue applicator to assist in applying a precise amount of
The Bailey Island Bridge is located in Harpswell, Maine on Route 24. Before the making of the bridge, the fishermen that lived on Bailey’s Island wanted a bridge that connected their island to Orr’s Island. The town of Harpsweell made and voted on their decisions in the weekly town meetings (“Bailey”). The project was stalled because of some of the mainlanders in the town, but it was brought back up for discussion in 1912. They first agreed on a “road” which would connect the two islands and would be constructed with timber. This was to cost $3,000. The cost quickly reached $25,000 at a later town meting because they decided to build the bridge with stone and concrete instead. Once the legislature decided to pass a bill stating that it would fun state’s highway and bridge projects, they decided to move forward with the project (Hansen, 36).
The Golden Gate bridge, standing as an icon of roadway innovations, took multiple engineers years to design and complete. They could not just simply build an ordinary bridge. They had to take into consideration the physics behind it, as well as, what kind of effect the environment would have upon the bridge. The bridge sits along one of the most active fault lines in the world, so engineers had to make sure their bridge could withstand a little movement. Today the Golden Gate bridge still stands tried and true, as does many other innovations that 20th century engineers came up with.
At the time of its construction in 1929, the Ambassador Bridge was the largest spanned suspension bridge at 564 meters until the George Washington Bridge was built. It was an engineering masterpiece at the time. The total bridge length is 2,286 meters and rises to 118 meters above the river. Suspension cables support the main span of the Ambassador Bridge and the main pillars under the bridge are supported by steel in a cantilever truss structure. In total, the McClintic-Marshall masterpiece is comprised of 21,000 tons of steel. The immense socio-economical impact that the Ambassador Bridge has on transportation and trade is imperative for daily interaction between the Un...
David Winkler/ASC to provide which floor skybridges will be connected at and height required to move equipment underneath safely.
According to Suspension bridges: Concepts and various innovative techniques of structural evaluation, “During the past 200 years, suspension bridges have been at the forefront in all aspects of structural engineering” (“Suspension”). This statement shows that suspension bridges have been used for over 200 years, and that people are still using them today because they are structurally better bridges. This paper shows four arguments on the advantages of suspension bridges, and why you should use one when building a bridge. When deciding on building a suspension bridge, it has many advantages such as; its lightness, ability to span over a long distance, easy construction, cost effective, easy to maintain, less risk
One of the most influential engineering discoveries in the past century was the ill-fated Tacoma Narrows Bridge. “Galloping Gertie” as she was known to local residents, the massive Washington state suspension bridge shook, rattled and rolled its way into the history books. Legendary in its time, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge held many records and drew tourists from around the world in its short life. However, the famous bridge is not known for its creative engineering or speedy construction, unfortunately the bridge was destined to fail. That failure in turn changed the way every building is constructed today as well as further man’s understanding of physics and the forces of nature. In this paper we will examine the history of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge from design to construction, the failure of the bridge, and ultimately the rebuilding project.
However, before doing this we had to look more into depth on the materials we will use to construct our bridge. We also have to consider the possible environmental and geological factors that should be taken into consideration for our model. Pertaining to environmental and geological factors, there are many stipulations that structural engineers take into consideration before the construction of a truss bridge begins. The main objective of the geotechnical engineers are to protect the lives of others and avoid property damage from happening which can be caused by various geological conditions. Geological engineering uses principles of soil and rock mechanics to find surface conditions and materials.The Geotechnical engineers complete works such as: geological hazard assessments, material properties, landslide and slope stability, erosion, flooding, dewatering, and seismic investigations. These engineers closely examine all of these important factors before constructing a bridge in a certain location. According to Teach Engineering.com, constructing a safe and efficient bridge requires an ample amount of time and energy. Environmental and geological factors play a major role in construction, as
In June of 1921, Strauss completed his initial sketches of the bridges design and submitted them to O’Shaughnessy and to the Mayor of San Francisco. The original design, pictured below, is a symmetrical cantilever-suspension hybrid span bridge and had an estimated cost of $17 million. A year and a half later, the design was released to the public; while the public expressed little opposition, the local presses described it as “ugly.”
The dead loads of roof trusses consists of weight of roof covering , weight of purlins, weight of festering and self weight of the trusses.
However, many may be confused on why it was decided that Queensferry Crossing Bridge should be constructed despite the presence of other bridges in the area the Queensferry Crossing Bridge is being constructed. During the construction of the Forth Road Bridge that was constructed in 1960s, the developers and designers did not foresee the fame that the region has captured years later. From this understanding, it is cited that the traffic flow in the Forth Road Bridge is high due to popularity of the highway and being used by thousands of residents in the region on daily basis. The civil engineers in the region found it crucial to construct a stronger and wider bridge that would accommodate the increasing number of traffic and people using the bridge. It is aimed at promoting the safety of the bridge users by addressing the strength concerns that have been raised due to increasing number of bridge consumers.
Fanella, D. (2011). Reinforced concrete structures: analysis and design / David A. Fanella. New York: McGraw-Hill, c2011.
However, I realized that my bridge was somewhat tilting over. So, I decided to connect two craft sticks to the bottom and top of each side of the bridge, which cause the bridge to stand somewhat
For instance, the basic framing of building structures consists of beams and columns. Mostly rectangular beams are used. The fundamental concept of stress distribution in rectangular beams suggests that extreme vertical ends of the beam need more material than the part in between those two extreme ends. Hence, I-shaped beams are better alternative for rectangular ones as they have lesser material between the extreme ends. Thus, modifying areas with low stresses in