Classification of Compressors
A Compressor is a machine that compresses the air or another type of gas from a low inlet pressure (usually atmospheric pressure) to a higher desired pressure level. A Compressor increases the pressure of the air by reducing its volume. Work required for increasing a pressure of air is available from the primary mover driving the compressor. Usually, electric motor, internal combustion engine or steam engine, turbine etc. are used as prime movers. Compressors are similar to fans and blowers but differ in terms of pressure ratios. Fans are said to have a pressure ratio up to 1.1 and blowers have a pressure ratio between 1.1 to 4 while compressors have pressure ratios of more than 4. [1]
There are two types of air compressors:
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Almost every industrial company has at least two compressors, and in a medium-sized plant there may be hundreds of different uses of compressed air. Uses include powering pneumatic tools, packaging and automation equipment, and conveyors. Pneumatic tools tend to be smaller, lighter, and more navigable than electric motor-driven tools. They also distribute smooth power and are not damaged by overloading. Air-powered tools have the capability for a lot of variable speed and torque control, and can reach a preferred speed and torque very quickly. In addition, they are often selected for safety reasons because they do not produce sparks and have low heat build-up [3]. Although they have many advantages, pneumatic tools are generally much less energy-efficient than electric tools. Many manufacturing industries also use compressed air and gas for combustion and process operations such as oxidation, fractionation, cryogenics, refrigeration, filtration, dehydration, and aeration. Compressed air also plays a significant role in many non-manufacturing sectors, including the transportation, construction, mining, agriculture, recreation, and service
But regardless of that, it can still perform at a top level. In fact, with its rugged built and extreme-duty construction, it can be your perfect tool for light to medium operations, including asphalt cutting, concrete and underwater rock demolition, and barnacle removal. It can impressively punch out 1800 blows per minute at 8 gpm; such nice numbers for a compact machine that only weighs 43 pounds.
Air pressure can be defined as the impact air has against all the surfaces the molecules of air touches, and is measured in Pascals – one Newton per square
...o turn it back into a high pressure gas. The gas is then used to turn a turbine and a generator to produce electricity (Liquid Air Energy Netwrok, 2012).
so they could compress the air at a much higher pressure so the engine can
In thermodynamics Refrigeration is the major application area, in which the heat is transferred from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region. The devices which produce refrigeration are known as Refrigerators and the cycle on which it operates are called refrigeration cycles. Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is the most regularly used refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is alternately vaporized and condensed and in the vapor phase it is compressed. Gas refrigeration cycle is the well-known refrigeration cycle in which cycle refrigerant remains in the gaseous phase throughout the cycle. Cascade refrigeration are the other refrigeration cycles discussed in this chapter; absorption refrigeration is the one more refrigeration cycle which is used where the refrigerant is dissolved in liquid before it is compressed. One more refrigeration in which refrigeration is produced by passing the electric current through two dissimilar materials is called as the thermoelectric refrigeration.
According to Brian Dunbar, NASA Administrator, "Aerodynamics is the way air moves around things." Furthermore, it is a branch of fluid dynamics that is concerned with the study of forces and gas flow and based on the concept of Newtonian Mechanics. Whatsoever moves through air reacts to aerodynamics. A rocket launching and a kite in the sky both react to aerodynamics. According to Avaiationbox, "The solution of an aerodynamic problem normally involves calculating for various properties of the flow such as velocity, pressure, density and temperature, as a function of space and time." In addition, it states that the aerodynamics have two classification criteria where study of flow around solid objects is one and the study of flow through passages in solid objects is another. The major goal of aerodynamics is also to anticipate the aerodynamic forces on an aircraft.
A pneumatic actuator converts energy formed by vacuum or compressed air at high pressure into either linear or rotary motion. Pneumatic energy is desirable for main engine controls because it can quickly respond in starting and stopping as the power source does not need to be stored in reserve for operation.
This along with the lighter construction of a two-stroke makes it the preferred motor used in small vehicles and tools (Two Stroke Engine). A two-stroke engine is operated by first drawing the mixture of fuel and air into the chamber by the vacuum caused by the upward stroke of the piston. During the downward piston stroke, the poppet valve is forced closed due to the increased pressure within the chamber. The mixture is compressed in the chamber throughout the stroke. As the stroke ends, the intake port is exposed allowing the mixture to escape into the main cylinder, expelling the exhaust gasses in the process and some of the fuel mixture as well. Momentum then causes the piston to rise, compressing the mixture as another stroke is beginning. Once the stroke reaches its peak, the spark plug will ignite the mixture causing the fuel to expand driving the piston down thus completing the cycle while additionally initiating a new
Firstly, the gas turbine engine operation begins with the air intake process. As of all internal combustion engine, oxygen is required to support the combustion of the fuel and the source of oxygen is from the fresh air that is taken in. Initially, the fan is rotated by a driving shaft that is powered by the turbine of the engine. A negative or vacuum pressure at the intake side is then created by the rotating fan. Next, the surrounding air is drawn towards the inlet and causes it to flow into the gas turbine engine inlet (Cengel & Boles, 2011). At the same time, the pressure on the other side of the fan is increased as it is compressed at a lower pressure ratio and causes the air in the outlet side of the fan to move fu...
system analysis. The load flow problem can be defined as: Given the load power consumption at all buses of a known electric power system configuration and the power
A steam turbine's two main parts are the cylinder and the rotor. As the steam passes through the fixed blades or nozzles it expands and its velocity increases. The high-velocity jet of steam strikes the first set of moving blades. The kinetic energy of the steam changes into mechanical energy, causing the shaft to rotate. The steam then enters the next set of fixed blades and strikes the next row of moving blades. As the steam flows through the turbine, its pressure and temperature decreases, while its volume increases. The decrease in pressure and temperature occurs as the steam transmits energy to the shaft and performs work. After passing through the last turbine stage, the steam exhausts into the condenser or process steam system. The kinetic energy of the steam changes into mechanical erringly through the impact (impulse) or reaction of the steam against the blades.
One of the quickest growing types of jobs is engineering. With the world progressing the way it is we need more engineers to come up with new, environmentally friendly products. Our world won’t be able to hold human life as we know it forever so humans need to come up with a more efficient way of living. Taking an issue one part at a time and eventually making our world better, healthier and more pleasant is the goal of this profession. More engineers are needed than ever before because it is getting harder to come up with new and more efficient products that consumers want. Electro-mechanical engineers are one of the few types of engineers that can work in two different fields. They can either work on mechanical
Energy plays an important role in every country’s economy. Natural gas is the cheapest fuel, relatively cleaner, lower in density as compare to the other
We have reached a point in time where the antediluvian ways have either been completely forgotten or are simply ignored for loss of necessity. This fast progressing world owes everything to the researchers and innovators responsible for the ever changing paradigm of technology. My capability as an engineer, however, to be truly able to understand how the various design aspects behind each innovation, helping me ponder over the numerous ways in which it can be implemented for technological betterment is what makes me stand apart. Right from my childhood, I have been fascinated by bicycles, motorcycles, cars, mechanical structures and basically anything that had virile relations; this was mainly because of the automobiles and other vehicles in movies that always used to drum in a sense of amazement that used to reverberate in my memories long after. It was only a matter of time before I came to realize the sheer brilliance behind every design, the immense perfection engineers strive to achieve and the amount of hard work and dedication required to impeccable levels in the whole process. I wanted to be a part of it and it was then that I decided what was worth doing with my life. I chose Mechanical Engineering as my major in my Undergraduate study and frankly, the field never ceases to amaze me.
Life changed immensely in the 20th century as air conditioning and refrigeration systems became more efficient and controllable. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration play important roles in providing human comfort, food processing, storage, and many other industrial processes. We chose this topic because our life would be difficult without AC and Refrigeration. This paper will talk about the history of air conditioning and refrigeration, the role of engineers in designing and building it, people’s life before and after air conditioning and refrigeration, and finally Applications in the area of achievements and future developments.