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Festinger’s process model of cognitive dissonance
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Recommended: Festinger’s process model of cognitive dissonance
According to Green (1959), “Festinger proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance…the present experiment was to design this derivation under controlled, laboratory conditions.” In this experiment, students at Standford University that were in psychology classes were the subjects. The subjects were instructed to perform a boring tedious task. Afterword, they were asked to tell the next subject that the task they did was fun. Some subjects were paid a dollar, and the rest of the subjects were paid twenty dollars to lie to the next subject. In this paper, which subjects experienced cognitive dissonance, how they experience cognitive dissonance, and personal examples of cognitive dissonance will be discussed. First, how the subjects that got paid one dollar were the ones who experienced cognitive dissonance. They had to change how they thought about the experiment to convince the next subject that the task they did was fun. How they experienced cognitive dissonance is because they knew the task they completed was dull. The subjects had to change their thinking of the task to be able to talk to the next subject. The subjects that were paid twenty dollars did not experience cognitive dissonance, because they were paid more, they felt more comfortable lying to the next subject. …show more content…
The people that were paid twenty dollars felt comfortable lying to the next subject since they were getting paid a better amount. The subjects that were paid a dollar had to convince themselves that it was ok to lie to the next subject in order to actually be able to; the subjects that got paid twenty dollars did not. Furthermore, the subjects that were paid one dollar talked to the next subject to be nice. The subjects that were paid twenty dollars talked to the next subject for the money without a
B.F. Skinner, a behaviorist, claims that people tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes. He goes further to say that they tend not to repeat responses that are followed by a negative or neutral response. If Skinner were looking at the case of Lionel Tate, he would say that Tate must hav...
Higgins, Tory. “Self-Discrepancy Theory: What Patterns of Self-Beliefs Cause People to Suffer?”(1989). Advances in Experimental Social psychology, Vol.22 (1989):93-136. Academic Press Inc.
The conflicting ideas are the scientific facts disproving facilitated speech and the belief by individuals that they have seen it work. In order to reconcile the conflict and ease the dissonance, the people in the examples given have begun to use both the confirmation bias and belief perseverance. While neither of these fallacies are consciously chosen, each allows the experienced dissonance to be eased.
Barbara, disguises herself and experiments to see if she could live off minimum wage for a month. Firstly Barbara states “So unless I want to start my car as a residence, I have to find a second, or alternative, job.” (Hirschberg 549). This is personally saying that she is having trouble keeping up on rent and living off her pay and proving that it is impossible to live off of one income. Barbara later mentions more expenses and changes she has to make to keep on surviving on the pay shes receiving, “I make the decision to move closer to Key West. First, because of the drive. Second and third, also because of the drive: gas is eating up to $4 to $5 a day, and although Jerry’s is as high-volume as you can get, the tips average only 10 percent, and not just for a newbie like me. Between the base pay of $2.50 an hour and the obligation to share tips with the bus boys and dish washers, were averaging only about $7.50 an hour. Then there 's the $30 I had to spend on the regulation tan slacks worn by Jerry’s servers-a set back it could take weeks to absorb.” (Hirschberg 552). Even though Barbara knew that mathematically it was impossible to live off the minimum wage that she is paid, she started the experiment wanting to see the hidden struggles in living with a low paycheck and she succeeded in seeing that simple things like gas
...de that the reporter just wants to receive his reward of ten thousand dollars. However, they have made premature conclusions about Peter's covetousness because he has made the bill for just thirty-nine dollars and sixty cents. Such misunderstanding would never has happened if the protagonists did not hide the feelings and expressed their thoughts and assumptions to each other.
1. The voting game was interesting, and it was an analogy to real life situations. Initially I was confused and really did not understand the game. At first I assumed that if I voted the number 1 I would not receive any money, and if I voted the number 0, I would receive money. I was thinking this was a tricky game, and everyone would vote 0 because if they voted 1 they wouldn’t receive any money. I was wrong. Only fifteen students voted for the number 0: the rest voted for the number 1. I received $30,000 while the people who voted the number 1 received $38,000, $8,000 more! I then understood the game and how I should vote, but then a classmate pleaded his case and hoped everyone would vote 0, so the money we received would increase and we
Cooper, Joel. Cognitive Dissonance: Fifty Years of a Classic Theory. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2007. Print
Cognitive dissonance theory is the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. There are three methods that dissonance can be condensed. Individuals can modify one or more of the beliefs, attitude, behaviors, and more, this way the connection between the two elements are in agreement with one another. Another method is to gather new information that will compensate the dissonant beliefs. The third method is to decrease the importance of the beliefs, attitudes, behavior, and etc. Dissonance theory does not say that these methods will work; only people in the state of cognitive dissonance will use these methods to condense the degree of their dissonance. Cognitive dissonance theory
Cognitive dissonance is a theory presented by Leon Festinger’s in 1957. This theory suggested that we have an inner drive to hold our attitudes and beliefs in harmony. When we have two inconsistent cognitions this creates dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is physically uncomfortable to experience. There’s some negative physical tension that you feel any time you recognize two inconsistent thoughts or realize that you’ve done something through your behavior that contradicts you true attitudes and beliefs. Dissonance gets in the way of finding some sense of truth. In general, if we want to understand the world, then we want a clear, consistent picture of it. Anything that makes us feel inconsistency of something that’s a problem, and we are motivated to restore consistency again. We can restore
To prove the two hypothesis the researchers present the participants with a series of opportunities to cheat, but then surprise them with an additional series of cheating opportunities. To increase their interest in participating the contributors obtain $.10 for each flip of a coin, but only if the side up of the coin is “heads”. The participants have the opportunity of flip the coin 7, 10 or 13 times, the flipping of the coin happens privately, and they are told not to cheat. The researches then tried to prove the hypothesis in 4
The way I would describe cognitive dissonance is contradicting with two different ideas or more. There could be a set of believe but then this could be broken when something else comes along. This can go different ways either by sticking with their first idea, reducing one idea or changing to the other idea.
lected Theory: Cognitive Dissonance is an objective communication theory created by Leon Festinger, a Stanford University social psychologist. Cognitive Dissonance is a conflicting mental state caused by discrepancy between two beliefs held by an individual. The more important the belief the stronger the dissonance. The strain caused by dissonance leads us to change our behavior or belief. Festinger says there are three different ways to reduce or avoid dissonance: selective exposure, postdecision dissonance, and minimal justification. Also, Festinger describes three different reasons for why one reduces dissonance. These reasons are self- consistency, personal responsibility for bad outcomes, and self- affirmation to dissipate dissonance.
In this assignment I am going to introduce and unpack cognitive behavioural theory and psychodynamic theory. This will include the history of each theory and the theorists that discovered and developed both. I am going to link each theory to where they fit in Payne’s Triangle of Social Work as well as compare and contrast each theory. Both Cognitive behavioural theory and psychodynamic theory both support the purposes of social work in which I will cover beneath. This assignment will also include criticisms of both theories as well.
Like some other psychologist, B.F. Skinner has criticized cognitive psychology in reviewed articles, providing examples and reasoning’s to justify his belief that cognitive psychology
There were two rumors in the experiment conducted for the rumor assignment. Both rumors were very different in context but both proved the same thing in the end. Rumor number one was first told to the first individual who was standing outside of the classroom with three other students. Person one listened as the professor said the rumor, and then they had to remember it, and tell the next person (person two) outside the classroom this rumor. The central theme of rumor one was there were two men on the subway who started arguing while many people watched near by.