Classical Conditioning Essay

906 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Classical conditioning discussion

1.1.3 Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning is an other important theory to explain motivation. It is develeoped by Ivan Pavlov(1849-1936). The discovery of this theory was by accedent wheile doing research on the effect of dog salivation on digestion. Pavlov obseved that sometimes the dog start slavate before the food was represented to them and other times the approaching of the experimenter was enough to salivate (Ellen Pastorino and Sussan 2012). In his experiment Pavlov paired the giving of food with the ringing of bell. After food and bell were presented toghether several times, the dog stats salivating upon the hearing of the bell. According to Ellen and Susan 2013, there are three element of Clasical Conditioning. First, the Uncoditioned Stimulus and Responce: an unconditioned stimulus is “A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response“ (Jeffry S. Navid 176). On ther hand, an uncoditioned response refers to “a response that is natural and needs no training“ (R. Feldman 170). Second, the Nuteral Stimulus is astimukus that does not elisit unconditioned response. Finally, Pairing the neutural and uncoditioned stimulus. 1.2 Cognitive theories 1.2.1 Expectancy Value theory Expectancy theory is a theory of …show more content…

He developed a hierachy of needs in form of a piramid. He classified human motivational needs into two categories: deficiency Needs and growth needs. To begin with, Deficiency Needs are lower level needs , they consist of Physiological Needs such as food, wter ; Safty Needs (psychological and psysical needs) like security and apsence of psysical and motional treath; love and belongigness needs like affiliation and affection; and self-esteem needs like competency and recognition. The second category is growth needs. They consit of cognitive needs ( intilictual needs like knowledge, undestanding ; and aesthitic needs like beaty, truth, justice and

Show More
Related

  • The Process Of A Classical Conditioning Model By Sarah Garcia's Avior

    701 Words  | 2 Pages

    Therefore, a human or animal will forget about the old stimulus and become attached to the new stimulus. The terms: Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Neutral Stimulus, Conditioned Stimulus, and Conditioned Response are key when explaining the process of Classical Conditioning. A Unconditioned Stimulus is when a stimulus will lead to a natural response without any training needed. A Unconditioned Response is a natural and automatic response brought up by the Unconditioned Stimulus. A Neutral Stimulus is when something elicits no response at first. For example, a specific object will have no meaning before the experiment but once the experiment is undergo, the object will take on a different role than before. A Conditioned Stimulus is a stimulus that at first had no meaning, but when associated with the Unconditioned Stimulus it will eventually generate a Conditioned Response. A Conditioned Response will cause a natural and automatic response towards the Neutral Stimulus because the person was trained to react that

    Read More

  • Maslow's Psychological Needs In Castaway

    912 Words  | 2 Pages

    Personally, I don’t believe that me as a person has reached self-actualization. I think I’m somewhere around the esteem needs. I have fulfilled the physiological needs by having food, water, shelter, etc. The safety needs are met by safety from attacks and disease. The third hierarchy is fulfilled by affection from family and friends. The esteem need is half way met but not completely.

    Read More

  • Classical Conditioning Case Study Essay

    1021 Words  | 3 Pages

    In the case study, Jim Colbert, a third grade teacher, struggles to help a boy named Carlos. This Public School 111 was located in a metropolitan, run down neighborhood. The school was surrounded by drug dealers and trash. However, the inside of the school was bright and welcoming. Here the students were placed according to their abilities, and Jim had a 3-A class for the high achieving students. Jim had a routine that he followed every day. He would take the learning and apply it to the student’s lives with practical examples. To begin the day Jim would go through the homework with the students, and here he began to notice that Carlos was misspelling many of his words. Carlos comprehended the readings, but he was behind in his spelling. Jim talked with the other third grade teacher, Paul, about Carlos. Then, he talked to Carlos about the problem, asking him if he could get help at home. Here Jim discovered that Carlos would get little to no help at home. Jim sent home a dictionary with Carlos so that he could check his spelling, and he saw

    Read More

  • John Watson's Theory: The Stages Of Behaviorism

    1276 Words  | 3 Pages

    During this stage a stimulus which produces no response (i.e. neutral) is associated with the unconditioned stimulus at which point it now becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS). Often during this stage the US must be associated with the CS on a number of occasions, or trials, for learning to take place.

    Read More

  • Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning Essay

    526 Words  | 2 Pages

    Classical conditioning and operant conditioning play a huge role with the future use of a drug. First, just like in the theory of Pavlov, classical conditioning with the role of substance and addiction can start to form much similar. For example, if an individual sits in traffic after getting off work every day and pulls out marijuana to smoke in the car, the car will then start to become the conditioned stimulus to the substance, the individual will pair sitting in traffic now as its time for the daily joint. Since the car is now the conditioned stimulus to the individual, the person will now start to experience those cravings every time they are sitting in the car. Most of the time, the individual will experience relapse, since the body is now fully conditioned to

    Read More

  • Pavlovian Conditioning And Classical Conditioning

    2264 Words  | 5 Pages

    Pavlovian Conditioning can be used to treat and explain addiction. We must first discuss Pavlovian conditioning and addiction before we can even begin to talk of the two together. Pavlovian Conditioning is better known as Classical Conditioning, which was created by Ivan Pavlov and later used by John Watson to explain human psychology. Classical conditioning is defined by Meriam-Webster dictionary (2016) as a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. For example, with Pavlov’s dogs, the unconditioned stimulus is food, the conditioned stimulus is the bell and the response is salivation, which we will discuss

    Read More

  • Is Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs?

    704 Words  | 2 Pages

    Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a theory in psychology that was first presented by Abraham Maslow in a paper entitled “A Theory of Human Motivation” in 1943. The theory includes five hierarchy levels of needs and is usually displayed as a pyramid. The bottom level is “Physiological”, the next level is “Safety”, the level above that is “Social”, the next level is “Esteem” and the highest level is “Self-actualization”. As told by McLeod (2007) an individual must fulfill lower level needs before advancing upwards towards the next level of needs. The bottom level, “Physiological” needs are basic physical requirements such as; food, water sleep and warmth, the next level up is “Security” and it refers to

    Read More

  • Compare Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning

    1331 Words  | 3 Pages

    John B. Watson came up with classical conditioning. This is when two different stimuli are paired together to create a desired response. Watson used the sound of a bell to classically condition dogs when a bell was rung. The sound of the bell is the neutral stimulus, the dogs salivating is the unconditioned response, and the food is the unconditioned stimulus. Once the dog associates the bell with the desired behavior the bell becomes the conditioned stimulus because the dog has

    Read More

  • Abraham Maslow on Self-Actualization, Motivation and Humanistic Theory

    2427 Words  | 5 Pages

    Self- Actualization rests at the pinnacle of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Before reaching that pinnacle, the human being rises through the various strata of motivation beginning with the basic needs to survive. But does everyone reach that pinnacle? We will find that only a few who have paddled through the various strata will ultimately succeed in negotiating the entire hierarchy of needs. Some people, such as those ravaged by famine in a poor country, without the means to get beyond the next meal may never reach Maslow’s self-actualisation or transcendence. However, no one theory will fully explain human motivation, there are limitations associated with each theory.

    Read More

  • Classical and Operant Conditioning

    1360 Words  | 3 Pages

    Classical conditioning is a technique of learning that occurs when an unconditional stimulus is paired with a conditional stimulus. The unconditional stimulus is biologically potent, the conditional stimulus is neutral (Kalat, 2011). Example of each is taste of food and sound of tuning fork respectively. After repeated pairing, the organism exhibits a conditional response to the conditional stimulus. The conditional response is similar to the unconditioned response though it is relatively impermanent and is acquired through experience (Kalat, 2011).

    Read More

  • Classical Conditioning Theory

    1198 Words  | 3 Pages

    I. Introduction of classical conditioning Classical conditioning also called as Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning. It is a kind of learning a new behavior through association that when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) and evokes a conditioned response (CR). It also is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus (Cherry, 2014). Classical conditioning has much strength such as can help to explain all aspects of human behavior and many of advertisers will use classical conditioning to advertise their produces, however it also have some weaknesses such as all classical conditioning responses must involve a reflex and classical conditioning is a completely physical process, learning is not important as reflected in scenario. This paper will talk about the strengths and the weaknesses of classical conditioning theory followed by a brief description of the scenario and the strengths and weaknesses of applying classical conditioning on it.

    Read More

  • Expectancy Value Theory Essay

    1738 Words  | 4 Pages

    Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT) as one of the influential motivation theories has a long history in Education and Psychology. This theory claims that “individuals’ performance on different activities will be influenced by what an individual expects and how much the individual values the things that are expected” (Wigfield et al., 2011, p.10). This means that expectancies and values are supposed to be

    Read More

  • Description in Detail of the Humanistic Theories by Rogers and Maslow

    1507 Words  | 4 Pages

    Self-actualization happens when a person’s ideal self (who they want to be) is corresponding or congruent in character with their actual behaviour (self-image) (Rogers, 1959). A person who is actualizing is considered as fully functioning person (Rogers, 1959). This implies that the person is in touch with his or her feeling and experiences, which are continuously growing and changing. According to Weiten (2014) ”Incongruenc...

    Read More

  • Unconditioned Stimulus Essay

    440 Words  | 1 Pages

    Unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that has no preconception learning experience; meaning this is something we as living organism automatically know how to do without anyone showing or teaching the behavior. Likewise, the term conditioned stimulus is a behavior or response that is learned based on history of others or life experiences. The last stimulus is called netural stimulus which usually involves one of the five senses; meaning this stimulus is usually triggers no response, but is trigged by one of the five senses, which them is proceeds an unconditioned stimulus.

    Read More

  • Intrinsic Motivation is the Disire o be Successful

    1775 Words  | 4 Pages

    In the process of teaching and learning, motivation is regarded as an important element that allows the students to be actively involved, the learning process becomes the last in a meaningful, worthwhile and enjoyable (Hj Kamarudin Husin, 1993)

    Read More

More about Classical Conditioning Essay

Open Document