Chironex fleckeri is a part of the phylum Cnideria and is part of the class Cubozoa. It is most commonly known as the Box Jellyfish. It is most commonly found in Western Australia. The adult medusae stage is mostly found along beaches or in the mangrove channels. C. fleckeri is one of the most venomous animals in the world. This venom is important to study for pharmaceutical purposes. It is difficult to study the behaviors of C. fleckeri because it is difficult to keep them alive to study. The experiments that W.M. Hamner, M.S. Jones, and P.P. Hamner preform will help find out more about how C. fleckeri life in sea. Methods Chironex fleckeri were captured by dipping medusa Stages out of the water. Another way the scientist caught them were
by cast net fishers. In the first tank W.M. Hamner, M.S. Jones, and P.P. Hamner built a 80x60x45 cm tank with a subsand and trickle filter. That tank kept a young medusa in that tank for 9 months. The second tank was a white circular tank that was 1.5m in diameter and 40 cm deep. This tank had a subsand and trickle filter and had small water movement. This tank was used for light experiments to measure C. fleckeri sensitivity to light. The light was placed 3m above the tank. To test the C. fleckeri visual responses they put transparent walls inside the white tank so the space of the C. fleckeri is minimized. The third tank the scientist used was a planktonkreisels tank. This tank is used for recording feeding behaviors. Small medusa was kept in a planktonkreisels tank with 86cm diameter and 15cm wide. Large medusae were kept in planktonkreisels tank with dimensions of 117cm diameter and 40 cm wide. The filters used for planktonkreisels tank where coral gravel trickle filters and a fiber filter. Results W.M. Hamner, M.S. Jones, and P.P. Hamner found that medusa in the first and second tank had to be hand fed. They began by feeding the Chironex fleckeri only once a day but found that the bell of the medusa was deforming. They began feeding them twice a day and the deformation went away. C. fleckeri was able to eat without being hand fed in the planktonkreisels tank. They found this to be because the animal could stretch its tentacles. If the stomach was empty and the tenical were stracheched the scientist noticed that the medusae would eat. All medusae ate Acetes australi which are small shrimp. The large medusas are able to eat Metapenaeus bennetta, which are a bigger prawn (shrimp). The medusa also ate many different types if fish that are spices in Western Australia. The medusa ate by stinging their venom into their prey until the animal stopped moving. Then the medusa would wrap its prey with the tentacles and bring it up to its pedalium which would them move the prey into the mouth. With peristaltic movement the food it moved up to its e gastrovascular cavity and digested.
In the lab the isopods were observed in a way to where behavior and structures could be properly recorded. The isopods were revealed to two dissimilar scenarios, normal temperature water vs. warm temperature water, to calculate which environment was most preferred. In each distinct scenario ten isopods were placed ten a choice chamber, one side being normal temperature (26.7celsius) and the other being warm temperature (43.3 celsius) , and observed for a total of ten minutes with thirty second intervals which was when we recorded our observations. After observations, it was seen that normal conditions was the most preferred environment by the isopods. In the scenario the Isopods exhibited taxis behavior, which is behavior caused by factors such as light, temperature, water and such. Nothing physical, but rather environmental.
On the container, the researchers wrote down their first initial, last name and lab section. The researchers then poured spring water into the cylindrical container about halfway and then set it aside. Next, the researchers transferred the Planarian using a small plastic pipette into an empty petri dish filled with just enough water for the Planarian to swim around freely. After the successful transfer into the petri dish The researchers then measured how long the Planarian was using the unit millimeters.
Because of its size and abundance, T. californicus is commonly regarded as the insect of the sea. This creature is generally very small, from 1-3 mm in size as adults. They are cylindrically shaped, and have a segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen) though no noticeable division between body regions (Powlik 1966). Each segment of the body has a pair of legs. They use their 'legs' to propel themselves through the water in short rapid jerks. They have 2 pairs of long feathered antennae, a chitin us exoskeleton and a single eye in the middle of their head, this simple eye can only differentiate between light and dark.
The Daphnia magna species in this experiment were kept and preserved in jars of suitable water that acted as small ponds. Each Daphnia Magna was transported individually using a wide-mouthed pipette to a depression slide. The stability of the Daphnia Magna on the slide was attained by using a drop of pond water that acted as a boundary of movement for the Daphnia on the depression slide, small pieces of cotton wool were also used to act as an extra boundary to stop the Daphnia Magna from swimming in circles in the pond drop it was placed in; the stability factor was important in counting the heart beat rate more accurately. The depression slide was then placed under the stereomicroscope, over a cooling chamber that was used to slow down the
The purpose of our experiment was to test whether or not the Wisconsin Fast Plants, or Brassica rapa, followed the Mendelian genetics and its law of inheritance. First, after we crossed the heterozygous F1 generation, we created an F2 generation which we used to analyze. After analyzing our results, we conducted a chi-square test for for both the F1 and F2 generations to test their “goodness of fit”. For the F1 generation we calculated an x2 value of 6.97, which was greater than the value on the chi-square table at a p-value of 0.05 and 1 degree of freedom (6.97 > 3.84). This meant that we had to reject our hypothesis that stated there would be no difference between the observed and expected values. This showed us that the F1
A defining feature of the lionfish which everyone sees are the “18 venomous spines on its dorsal fin and its pelvic and anal fins, which are used for defense” as described in FACE OFF WITH THE ENEMY: LIONFISH by Special To The Citizen. Which is a neurotoxin that results in intense pain and swelling of one’s body. Fernando Simal, a marine hunter at STINAPA National Marine Park, found out the potency of their venom after his first hunt when being stung by the lionfish he caug...
4. Taylor, Sharon K. 1997. Florida Panther Biomedical Investigations. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission.
The courting ritual begins with the males circling females in an offshore mating ground and then the males approach and bite a female’s neck and if she accepts, they mate; if she does not accept, she swims to the bottom of the mating grounds (Deurmit L 2007). Males have long claws to use during mating because other males try to remove the mating male in order to mate with the female (Deurmit L 2007). Caretta caretta are polygynandrous and breed seasonally in the early summer (Deurmit L 2007). With mating, the females have the ability to store sperm throughout the reproductive season (Sakaoka K et al.). This characteristic developed with “changes in the sperm storage tubules (SSTs) in the oviduct” and allows the females to reproduce more (Sakaoka K et al.). This storage helps to combat climate change because Caretta caretta, as a species, only breed during certain temperatures (Sakaoka K et al.). Female loggerhead turtles have developed sperm storage abilities within mating to combat climate
Experiment #1: The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of baking soda and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of green spinach leave through the observation of floating disk.
Lionfish have brown and white stripes covering their body (NOAA, 2011). Lionfish have broad pectoral fins, and long individual dorsal spines that contain the venom glands in the tips (NOAA, 2011). The venom of the lionfish is only intended as a defense mechanism and not meant to kill. The spines of the lionfish deliver a sting that can result in severe pain, respiratory distress, and even paralysis (NOAA, 2011). Lionfish are found in almost all tropical marine habitats consisting of warm waters due to their invasive behavior. Their native range covers a very large area from western Australia and Malaysia east to French Polynesia and off the east coast of Australia to the Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (NOAA, 2011). Lionfish have been found along the coast from Florida to North Carolina. The first lionfish was reported in South Florida waters in 1985 with additional sightings occurring until they were documented as established in the early 2000s (NOAA, 2011). Lionfish are very popular aquarium fish, especially in the U.S making them important to the aquarium trade. There are two possible ideas about how the lionfish were introduced into the Atlantic. The first is through ballast water, the water carried in the bellies of the enormous transport ships of intercontinental trade (Whitney, 2003). Larval lionfish have low oxygen and food needs which makes surviving movement in ballast water a possibility (Whitney, 2003). The second possibility is that a number of...
In this laboratory, the degree of absorbance for the pigments in a leaf sample were observed using mechanisms that involved pigment isolation from a leaf extract, obtaining wavelength measurements, and displaying the measurements on an absorption spectra.
Jellyfish Lake is a marine lake. It is connected to the ocean by underwater tunnels. It was formed 12,000 years ago when the ocean water went down and left water trapped inside on an island along with animals that inhabit this lake now. There are two layers of this lake, an oxygenated top layer (mixolimnion) and a bottom anoxic layer (monimolimnion). These layers never mix because the lake is stratified. The top 3 meters of the anoxic layer is bacteria. One of the species of bacteria is purple photosynthetic sulfur bacterium. This layer of bacteria absorbs all the sunlight so that the anoxic layer is dark, but clear. There is depressions of limestone that surrounds the inside of the lake. The size of the lake is 460 m by 160m, surface area- 0.057 sq km and a depth of 50m. There is two species of jellyfish in this lake; Golden jellyfish and Moon jellyfish.
Soft corals are grouped in the phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, and order Alcyonacea. Their distinguishing characteristic is that their polyps always bear eight tentacles which are on both edges fringed by rows of pinnules (Fabricius and De’ath, 2002). The common name “soft coral” comes from the fact that they have no massive external skeleton as compared to the more commonly studied hard corals.
As a mariner its important to know about the marine life, that was one reason I have chosen this topic for my today’s short presentation.