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The impact of absent fathers
Impact of absent fathers
Black women with absent fathers
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Many have argued that fathers have an important role in psychological development of children and adolescents. Research evidence indicates that the father is essential role in psychological as well as sociological well-being.
Background
The number of children growing up in the United States without fathers has been the subject of growing concern. The U. S government has been aware of the increasing number of children growing up without fathers for over 40 years (Hueber, Werner, Hartwig, White & Shewa, 2008). Twenty-five children were in homes without fathers by 2001 according to Hueber et al (2008). Factors contributing to children growing up in African American homes without fathers include persistent divorce rates and births out of wedlock.
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This population is at risk of being exposed to oppression, social and economic deficits. Macro conditions such as slow economy and high unemployment rates can have a high impact on the ability of fathers to support themselves and their families.
Intervention
Woldof and Cina ( 2007) in their examination of father involvement found that urban fathers that “select” into the conventional labor market as opposed to the illegal or underground market, find more time to spend with their children (p 155). Helping fathers acquire employment can be a positive experience for father and children. There are now initiatives that are working towards engaging African American fathers such as…
There are several programs specifically for fathers as well as organizations to promote fatherhood. In the state of Maryland there are several different father based programs. Those programs include Baltimore Healthy Marriage Project, Maryland’s Center for Fathers and Families and Workforce Development. All of these programs encourage men to engage of the lives of the women and children in their family. These programs receive funding from either the state Department of Human Resources or Department of Health and Mental
The concepts that Kathleen Genson discusses reinforces the analysis Kramer presented in Chapter 4 “The Family and Intimate Relationships” of The Sociology of Gender. First and foremost, both authors would agree that family is a structure that institutionalizes and maintains gender norms. Both authors would also agree that “families tend to be organized around factors that the individual members cannot control.” In Genson’s chapter “Dilemmas of Involved Fatherhood,” the most prominent forces are the economy and social expectations, both listed and explained by Kramer. Genson’s explanation of how it is unfeasible for men to withdraw from the workforce and focus more time and energy on being involved fathers is an example of the economic factors.
In David Blankenhorn’s book written in 1995, he brings to light what he calls “America’s fundamental problem”: our culture of fatherlessness. Our modern day view of fathers is that they are unnecessary both in society and in the upbringing of a child. Blankenhorn argues the contrary: the only way to solve the multitude of social problems present in America is to address the common denominator, the decline of fathers and the shrinking importance of fatherhood. Blankenhorn’s book is split into three parts: Part I: Fatherlessness, Part II: The Cultural Script and Part III: Fatherhood. In Fatherlessness, he provides the history of fatherhood and includes statistics that help to illustrate the transition of the father from head of the household to being “almost entirely a Sunday institution” (pg. 15).
"The Final Call." Black America's Painful Epidemic: Children without Fathers. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
In this article, the editors discussed the social trends and how they can change in nature of father involvement. They tested how children today will make their expectations taking upon a role of mother and father. Increase in father absence is associated with poor school achievement, reduced involvement in labor force, early childbearing, and high risk-taking behaviors. In addition, boys without fathers will experience problems with their sexual orientation and gender identity, school performance, psychosocial adjustment, and self-control. The editors differentiated the girls by how affected they were without fathers.
Black men in Jail are having drastic effects upon the black community. The first and arguably most important effect is that it intensifies the problem of single parent households within the black community. When these men are sentenced to prison, they, many times, leave behind a wife/girlfriend and/or children. If they have already have had children, that child must spend multiple years of his/her early life without a primary father figure. In addition, that male's absence is even more prominently felt when the woman has to handle all of the financial responsibilities on her own. This poses even more problems since women are underpaid relative to men in the workforce, childcare costs must be considered, and many of these women do not have the necessary skills to obtain a job, which would pay a living wage, which could support her and the children. Black male incarceration has done much to ensure that black female-headed households are now equal with poverty.
A lot of African-American mothers raise their kids on their own without the help of their partners. Based on statistics from Childstats.gov, only 33% of black children live with both of their parents. A study on infants from 2 to 18 months old offered results stating that most black moms believe that their babies clearly do not understand what is right or wrong compared to other moms who believed their children already knows what they are doing and should be taught about authority.
African Americans are incarcerated at nearly six times the rate of whites, it is projected that one in every three African Americans born are expected to go to prison. The consequences for black men have radiated out to their families. By 2000, more than 1 million black children had a father in jail or prison"(Coates pg.2). Men going to prison at such high rates has left many women to fend for themselves.
The African American family may consist of a mother, father, children, and a number of extended family members. African Americans are least likely to marry before childbirth. In 2011 it was reported that 72% of black babies were born to unwed mothers(Washington, Jesse). Although the African American family can take many shapes, on average the African American family consist of the mother and the child or a grandparent and a child, making it a single parent home.According to kidcount.org, 72% Of black children are raised by single parent .In many cases, the father is absent. The father's absence is usually related to the males age at the time of fatherhood, fear of responsibility, substance abuse, addiction, death, prior family commitment, and incarceration.
good parenting abilities are vital to maintain a viable relationship with children. The value of a father in
Mya Johnson SOC 606 The Upbringing of African American Children from Single Parent Households and the Educational Impact In society, there are 9,808,000 Households being occupied by African American families. 37% of these households are single mothers raising their children all on their own(U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Being an African American single mother in today’s society is not easy. They have so many obstacles to get through all while trying to raise their children and prepare them for the real world.
Dr. Haim Ginott, a renowned Psychologist, mentor and a teacher once remarked, “Children are like wet cement; whatever falls on them makes an impression.” Thus, the effects of absent fathers on children may in fact, shape their perception of the world around them. Even though developing a stronger relationship with one parent is an effect of absenteeism fathers, it also comes with the challenges of engaging in early sexual activities, diminished cognitive development and poor school performance, which are effects exhibited by many daughters.
In 1950, 17 percent of African-American children lived in a home with their mother but not their father. By 2010 that had increased to 50 percent. In 1965, only eight percent of childbirths in the Black community occurred out-of-wedlock. In 2010 that figure was 41 percent; and today, the out-of-wedlock childbirth in the Black community sits at an astonishing 72 percent. The number of African-American women married and living with their spouse was recorded as 53 percent in 1950. By 2010, it had dropped to 25 percent” (Lloyd).
In the article “Low-income dads often speak and play with their children in unique ways that boost school readiness”, it explains the perspective that society and government policies view low-income father’s roles compared to the reality of how they do benefit their child’s development. Society and policies have belittled the role fathers take in raising children and for low-income families it is mostly seen and assumed that fathers are absent. Many fathers are perceived to only take the role as providers and bringing money to table or that they should only be allowed to be present in their children’s lives if they are paying child support. As a result, the article states that fathers are unappreciated and policies are not encouraging because they are solely seen as a financial help to their children. However, the article discussed two ways in which fathers contribute to prepare their children for school, which are in the aspects of language development and emotional regulation.
When someone thinks about the definition of a father, he or she thinks about the support, care, love, and knowledge a father gives to his offspring. Most people automatically believe that biological fathers, along with the mothers, raise their children. However, that is not always the case. There are many children across the world who are raised without their father. These children lack a father figure. People do not realize how detrimental the lack of a father figure can be to the child, both mentally and emotionally. Enrolling boys between the ages of 5 to 16 without father figures in programs, such as Big Brothers Big Sisters, that involve building a relationship with someone who can serve as a role model is essential to prevent males from depression, difficulty in expressing emotions, and other consequences of having an absent father figure.
I. Introduction- In married-couple families, mothers usually do most of the family labor, such as care of children and household tasks. No matter what the family structure, it is believed that women do more family work than men. Gender theory states that male and female characteristics are largely malleable social constructs (Glatz, 2015). The theory argues that single fathers will parent in a “gendered way”, meeting their children’s needs but differently than how a single mother would.