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Impact of media on child development
Family influence on children's development
Conclusion on impact of media on children
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Part One
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Intro
The differences between the two children and the choices they made regarding their play were fairly obvious. Though a number of factors would likely influence the way that children chose to play, the main difference that could be inferred from the two children without looking into their backgrounds, was their sex. Choosing to compare gender is something that seemed to come naturally after referring to the observation as well as from personal preferences and interests. The idea of sex and gender differences is one of importance and the reasoning behind it provided an insight to the way our society supports girls and boys in different manners. A number of differences can be taken when comparing how girls and boys play including the role models they choose to copy, either a male or female, how physical the play is and the other classmates that children choose to play with.
Role models- copying mum or dad
Roles model are of great influence when children are young and basing how they should act on those around them. They can also influence the type of play children engage in, with young girls tending to copy behaviours and role play what they see their mothers doing whilst many young boys are influenced by their fathers. Robinson (2011) cites that children will dress up in their parents clothing in order to make themselves seem older and more like their roles.
The problem with children copying role models is that many young boys, for numerous reasons are left without sound, solid male role models who can show them how good men can be (Robinson 2011). This however is not always the case, although there are some boys who do lack models in the home they can take role models from men they see in the media, ch...
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...ttributions: Personal Hero Choices and Evaluations of Typical Male and Female Heroes. Sex Roles. 58 (7-8), 567-578.
Langlois, J. and Downs, A. (1980) Mothers, fathers, and peers as socialization agents of sex-typed play behaviours in young children. Child Development, 51, (pp 1271-1247).
Levin, D and Carlsson-Paige, N (2006). The War Play Dilemma . 2nd ed. New York: Teachers College Press.
Neppyl, T. and Murray, A. (1997) Social dominance and play patterns among pre-schoolers: gender comparisons, Sex Roles: A journal of Research. 36(5-6)
Robinson, M (2011). Understanding Behaviour and Development in Early Childhood. Oxford: Routledge.
Sayeed, Z and Guerin, E (2000). Early Years Play: A Happy Medium for Assessment and Intervention. London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd.
Thorne, B (1993). Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Young children are typically raised around specific sex-types objects and activities. This includes the toys that that are given, activities that they are encouraged to participate in, and the gender-based roles that they are subjected to from a young age. Parents are more likely to introduce their daughters into the world of femininity through an abundance of pink colored clothes and objects, Barbie dolls, and domestic chores such as cooking and doing laundry (Witt par. 9). Contrarily, boys are typically exposed to the male world through action figures, sports, the color blue, and maintenance-based chores such as mowing the lawn and repairing various things around the house (Witt par. 9). As a result, young children begin to link different occupations with a certain gender thus narrowing their decisions relating to their career goals in the future. This separation of options also creates a suppresses the child from doing something that is viewed as ‘different’ from what they were exposed to. Gender socialization stemming from early childhood shapes the child and progressively shoves them into a small box of opportunities and choices relating to how they should live their
Early Childhood is marked by a time in children’s lives when they develop “a confident self-image, more effective control over their emotions, new social skills, the foundations of morality, and a clear sense of themselves as boy or girl” (Berk, Kauffman & Landrum, 2011, pg. 45). According to Erik Erikson, early childhood is a period of “vigorous unfolding,” one where children have a sense of autonomy and a new sense of purposefulness or initiative (Berk, Kauffman & Landrum, 2011, pg. 45). Play is a means for children to learn about themselves and they begin to adopt the moral and gender-role standards of the society in which they live (Berk, Kauffman & Landrum, 2011). A negative outcome of early childhood is the guilt children feel as a result of excessive punishment and criticism by the adults in their lives (Berk, Kauffman & Landrum, 2011)....
The essay “Why Boys Don’t Play With Dolls” by Katha Pollitt, uses examples from scientific studies and hypothetical anecdotes in order to craft her primary argument. This argument appears to be that no matter what the case, parents will send messages to their children, and that they should simply pay attention to the messages that they send. Pollitt frequents broad statements regarding gender roles throughout the piece, that may be used as an attempt to relay to the reader what they may already know about gender stereotypes. Pollitt appears to be addressing future or current parents based on the examples she uses to support her claims, as many of them are related to the ways parents may indoctrinate certain ideals upon their children.
Francis’s study analyzes three to five-year-old preschool students as well as their parents about their views about toys and viewing materials based on gender. The study showed that parental beliefs shaped their child 's opinions of gender roles based on the toys they played with. The parent 's idea of what is female and what is male is transferred onto the toys their child plays with which in terms developed their child 's stereotype of what is male and female based on their toy selection and color. In the article “How do today 's children play and with which toys?”, by Klemenovic reference that a child 's view on gender stereotypes is developed by their parents who train them on how to use the toys. Klemenovic (2014) states "Adults start training in the first months of a child 's life because knowledge of objects is the outcome of other people 's behavior towards us" (Klemenovic, 2014, p. 184). Young children’s development of gender stereotypes is largely influenced by his or her parent’s actions and view on what they consider male or female. A parent’s color preference and toy selection can influence a child’s gender bias or association to a specific
Mathur and Parameswaran (2015) posed many of the questions that early-childhood educators have regarding the role of play in child development. The questions primarily focused on how play amongst children is affected by development, biology, nurture, gender and culture. The authors cite other research, which concludes that though play is universal and cross-cultural, theoretical and empirical evidence support the notion that there are gender differences in the play of children. Citing the social learning theory, Mathur and Parameswaran (2015) argue that children learn gender roles at a very young age due to the positive reinforcement they receive from their parents. The positive reinforcement is indicative of the parents rewarding their children’s
From this research of examining how gender socialization is projection through toys to children, have led to conclusion that in order to prevent children from living by these stereotypes portrayed through toys, parents should encourage gender-neutral and cross-gender play in children at an early age. Just for the mere that their brain is so receptive to knowledge into creating to become the person they are to be in life. Give children a chance to not only have fun while playing with their toys and that there aren’t any pressures on them that this what they should be and that there a mind full options that they can choose from.
(Cherney & Dempsey, 2010; Cherney et al., 2003) this in... ... middle of paper ... ... W., & Mize, J. (2001). Contextual Differences in Parent--Child Play: Implications for Children's Gender Role Development. Sex Roles, 44(3/4), 155-176.
Young children and early adolescents are some of the most fragile human beings in the world. Whether it be mental, emotional, or physical, their bodies and minds are going through a whirlwind of extreme life-altering changes. These changes, at the time, may sometimes be thrown to the side as just growing up and adjusting to the life as they grow, but what parents do not realize is that this time period of growing will dictate the rest of their lives. Like adults in their careers, children are constantly held to high standards. Usually, these standards are respective to the child’s gender, meaning boys are expected to do one thing, while girls are expected to do the other. Some may believe that this is fine, that this is okay. But it is not; telling a young child how they should or not act, could possibly affect who they are for the rest of their lives: causing them to not be who they truly wanted to be.
Wood, E. (2002). The impact of parenting experience on gender stereotyped toy play of children. Sex Roles, 47, 39-50.
Many theorists have tried to define play as a concept, however, no two agree on a set definition. Their backgrounds and induvial lifestyles influence the way they see the importance of play. Reed and Brown also believe that there isn’t an agreed definition of play because is something that is felt rather than done (Reed & Brown, 2000 cited in Brock, Dodd’s, Jarvis & Olusoga, 2009). In spite of this, it is clear that most theorists uphold the ethos that play is imperative to a child’s learning and development. There is a wide range of different studies and theories which helps us develop our own perception of what play is. In my personal experience I have found play to be a way of expressive our emotions, exploring and learning new things, thus
Sex role stereotyping and gender bias permeate everyday life. Children learn about sex roles very early in their lives, probably before they are 18 months old, certainly long before they enter school.(Howe, 1). The behaviors that form these sex roles often go unnoticed but their effect is immeasurable. Simple behaviors like: the color coding of infants (blue & pink), the toys children are given, the adjectives used to describe infants (boys: handsome, big, strong; girls: sweet, pretty, precious), and the way we speak to and hold them are but a few of the ways the sex roles are introduced. These behaviors provide the basis for the sex roles and future encouragement from parents and teachers only reinforce the sex roles.
...or and the way they dress up. From this it concludes that the media and online gaming can create and reinforce gendered behaviors. Those video games affect the child identity and their perception of others.
Drake, J. (2005) Planning Children’s play and learning in the foundation stage, 2nd ed. London: David Fulton Publishers Ltd.
The days of blue is for boys and pink is for girls are coming to a victorious end. Now more than ever, child products are marketed specifically towards just girls or just boys, and not for children in general. This outright gender specific marketing can have poor effects on the children consumers, who feel pressured to play with the toys made specifically for their gender. A boy who likes Barbie or a girl who likes race cars and trucks may not want to play with the toys they really enjoy because they feel they are not supposed to be for them. The idea of gender-neutral toys is becoming more and more popular, because this change is greatly needed. The removal of gender specific toys from current marketing and stores has the capability to empower
In this era, males and females both uphold household duties. Children watch and learn from their environment. A boy watching his father care for an infant is going to want to imitate his father. Playing with a doll is simply following what he has seen his father do. Taking away the doll is taking away that child’s future as a nurturing father (Gioia, 2010). Many men feel that their male child playing with a doll is not teaching him to be tough and will negatively impact their future, when in fact the boy will learn how to care and use their imagination by playing with dolls (Epand). Females are often praised when they are gentle and nurturing, while boys are not- causing boys to r...