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Links between homelessness and mental illness
Links between homelessness and mental illness
Homelessness and mental illness introduction
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When recruiting, it can get difficult because the participants may be withdrawn from the study, psychologically isolated, skeptical of the analysis projects or even intensely engaged with their present test. In this field, effect strategies need to be developed in order to collect samples.
As stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) In the United States, At least 1% of the population encounters homeless in a given year and more than 5% of individuals with Tb reported being homeless within the year prior to diagnosis. That is because people who are homeless have no access to medical care.
In order to obtain the prevalence of tuberculosis among the homeless population we are going to recruit and survey the homeless residents in Rochester on their experience with Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis screening. Convenience Sampling also known as no random selection is going to be used to recruit the participants and by doing that I would contact the local agencies of the homeless shelters like Open Door Mission Samaritan House, Homeless and Housing, Women's place and House of Mercy.
I would ask those agencies to select 40 individuals in the
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homeless shelters for recruitment on the morning at 8 am and afternoon and 12 pm. Then I will send a bus to those shelters to pick up the individuals who are being recruited for my study. When they arrive at the building where the study is taking place they are going to sit in a room and wait for my arrival. I would call each person into my office and explain that they are being recruited for sampling here are my exact words: "Hello my name is Sergena Jean-Baptiste and you were chosen to be a part of my sampling survey.
Now this survey is only asking you questions on your experience with Tuberculosis if you've contracted the bacterial disease and how was your experience with Tb screening? Or have your ever thought about getting a Tb screening done? Just to name a few questions. There isn't any risk because I'm just asking you questions on the survey. I will tell you that your information is confidential and no one will know your name or even that you completed a survey for my study. I just need your consent by reading everything on this form, print and sign your name at the bottom with the date and that would
all." For my design, Probability sampling could have been used, but I ended up using Non-probability because those individuals were not randomly selected. I think that was the best way to get participants recruited for my study as to randomly selecting individuals. I found that contacting an agent is very helpful in order to get my study correctly done.
Living conditions are another condition that disables the homeless population in Boston. With the cost of living continually rising, Boston alone stands as the ninth most expensive housing market in the country. It does not take much to wind up homeless in any city. Regardless of who you are, being homeless without any type of shelter can creep up at any time. There is a fine line between where you are now and sleeping in your car and it becomes much thinner than people actually think.This is a Boston. An issue that has yet to be solved and still the needs of people are
A low-grade fever, weight loss, lethargy, night sweats, respiratory congestion, cough, and hemoptysis, are symptoms indicative of Tuberculosis. A positive skin test, abnormal chest x-ray and a positive sputum culture are indicators of Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is transmitted by inhalation of respiratory droplets containing bacteria. This excerpt depicts tuberculosis and its history and prevalence.
Torrey, E. Fuller, M.D. (2011). Homeless Mentally Ill Fact, Figures, and Anecdotes. Retrieved from http://mentalillnesspolicy.org/consequences/homeless-mentally-ill.html
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Infectious Disease – The Never-ending Threat). It is acquired by inhalation and is spreadable. The City of Toronto in accordance with Toronto Public Health have in place different specialty teams in regards to Tuberculosis (TB) who work together to provide support for individuals with TB as well as their families and to help prevent the spread of TB in Toronto (City of Toronto). Specifically, Toronto Public Health has a designated homeless and corrections team who manage TB disease and infection within the homeless/under-housed and corrections populations. Within this program, they use many environmental guidelines to access and diminish in the
Tuberculosis or TB is an airborn infection caused by inhaled droplets that contain mycobacterium tuberculosis. When infected, the body will initiate a cell-mediated hypersensitivity response which leads to formation of lesion or cavity and positive reaction to tuberculin skin test (Kaufman, 2011). People who have been infected with mycobacteria will have a positive skin test, but only ones who have active TB will show signs and symtoms. Basic signs and symptoms include low grade fever, cough with hemoptysis, and tachypnea. They may also show pleuristic chest pain, dyspnea, progressive weight loss, fatigue and malaise (Porth, 2011).
It is true that some individuals are homeless not because of bad habits one might have, but because of financial reasons. A lot of society that is part of this problem is because they simply do not make enough at their low
...em to come to the same general conclusion: public health programs for the homeless are not as effective as they could be. Whether it is not providing full attention in the type of service that is provided or a lack of outreach by the programs, a majority of people are not receiving the care they need. Instead of criticizing homeless people for crowding the emergency rooms consider the fact that they typically do not have an easily accessible alternative for medical care. “Systems like the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program have spent the past decades building a public health program that now has helped find insurance for 76% of patients who come through” (Oppenheimer et al., 2010, p.1401). It is important that cities all across the country begin programs that will improve and eventually completely eliminate the health care inaccessibility for the homeless.
Tuberculosis is sometimes called disease of the poor, poverty restricts lots of people to live in a small space, leading to overcrowding. Smaller spaces increase the possibility of M. Tuberculosis to spread and infect an individual. Also immunocompromised individual are susceptible to acquiring tuberculosis. For example, HIV patients, malnourished individual are more susceptible to tuberculosis compared to the average healthy individual. People that are constantly in close range to infected individual are at higher risk of getting infected because, they are more likely to share and breathe the same air. This will lead to inhalation of M. Tuberculosis and might eventually lead to tuberculosis.
Tb is spread trough the air and respiration. So when a person breathes in the air around them then they may not knowingly breath in one of the tuberculosis drop lets through there nose. The disease can also spread through the clothing and anything that the contaminated person has touched. If a person were to touch the clothing of an infected person they will most likely get the disease because it is so highly contagious. Many of the main people who are infected by tuberculosis are people who may already have been infected by another disease because their immune system is so week that makes them a main target for tuberculosis. People who may have a high risk at getting TB should avoid areas that have been infected, vaccinate themselves, get regular skin tests, take antibiotics if they know they will be around tuberculosis.
Report from CDC (2013) stated that the number of TB cases in the United States decreased slightly in 2011; however there is a disproportionate number of TB cases still occur among high-risk populations, including people experiencing homelessness (CDC, 2013). Furthermore, CDC (2013) said, “In the United States, 1% of the population experiences homelessness in a given year, but more than 5% of people with TB reported being homeless within the year prior to diagnosis” (CDC, 2013).
Zlotnick, C., Zerger, S., & Wolfe, P. B. (2013). Health care for the homeless: What we have learned in the past 30 years and what's next. American Journal of Public Health, 103(2), 199-205.
In the case scenario Jose tested positive for tuberculosis. Jose can have latent tb infection or tb disease. If a person has latent infection, he/she may be asymptomatic and not infectious. However, if Jose have active tb disease, he will feel sick and can possibly spread the bacteria to other people. The people who are at risk of contracting tuberculosis from Jose are the people he spends with every day (people who work and live in the homeless shelter, and the people who are nearby him when he cough, sneeze, and speak)
Tuberculosis or known as TB remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, especially in developing countries. A combination of factors including high costs, limited resources and the poor performance of various diagnostic tests make the diagnosis of TB difficult in developing countries. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), one third of the world’s population is infected with tuberculosis. In 2012, nearly nine million people around the world become sick with tuberculosis disease, and there were around one point three million TB related deaths worldwide.
Active tuberculosis only develops in about 10% of infected persons, remaining dormant in the rest; although the latent infection may later progress to active disease years later, especially in immune-compromised individuals. 9 Infection by MTBC may involve any organ of the body, but clinical presentation is most common in the lungs (pulmonary TB). General symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and severe cough with bloody sputum (hemoptysis) which may lead to death if untreated. 10 Mortality rates without treatment are high: in a study of natural history of TB in HIV-negative patients, 70% died within 10 years. 11 Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in the world...
Fitzpatrick, Joanne. “ONI Opening Doors Project—Improving Health for Homeless People and Families.” Community Practitioner 85.2 (2012): 19+. Academic OneFile. Web. 17 Oct. 2013.