Carl Roger was born in 1902, he was an influential humanist and psychotherapist. Rogers believed in ‘non-directive ‘and ‘client-centred’ approach. To become a fully functioning person which he also referred to as “the good life”, they must be able to know the causes of imbalances within their lives, knowing what to chance in order to regain their balance or self-actualization to become fully functioning (Rogers, 2004). Rogers work influenced many being well regarded with the different domains his theory consisted of. Rogers viewed the good life as a process, a direction but not the destination (Rogers, 1967).
What does a humanistic classroom look like? Montessori and Reggio Emilia approach are examples of this. Firstly looking into Montessori, children are believed to have better performance with reading, maths and tests. This is an example of a humanistic approach within learning, giving children opportunity and choices rather than being curriculum focused but person centred. The classrooms consist of children of multiple ages, with educational materials which are set up along with work in long blocks which are chosen by the student. They seem to have positive interactions around the
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playground with friends, they are more advanced with social skills, executive control and cognition. A result of this education leaves children more creative with complex sentence structure, having positive outlooks with social dilemma that may occur and having sense of community within the school (Elise-Quest & Lillard, 2006). Within the Reggio Emilia approach, children are viewed to having rights, having the ability to construct knowledge, exploration, investigation and curiosity along with the need to communicate and socialize.
The teacher’s role within Reggio Emilia consists of working as a collaborator and facilitator in the process of learning. Reflection and documentation on the practice is needed along with the impact it has on the learning. Inclusive practice is maintained and embedded within Reggio Emilia approach of learning. Parents are viewed as valuable partners, rightful to contribution in the learning. The input from parents includes the participation on curriculum, planning and evaluation of the child and learning which is then used for decision making (Freeman, Swim & Vakil,
2003). Taking a humanistic approach within the classroom and within practice can be very beneficial to the students. Creating an environment with appropriate learning materials and student chosen times will be effective as they are able to choose what they are interested in, helping with engagement with learning. Planning and documentation are of importance within early childhood centers with arguments based around professionalism and humanism. Looking at the children holistically and using Rogers’s theory of person centered or non-directive will make a difference within teaching. Also following Maslow’s theory, meeting and considering the basic needs, as if these basic needs are not met the child will not be able to learn as successfully in comparison to if they were met. It is important for teachers to look at children individually as they are unique and not one child is the same as the other. I believe if the humanistic approaches are followed through within classrooms there will be a higher success rate later on in their lives which would add authentic learning by following the morals and valves from Maslow and Rogers theories, helping teachers to see the true benefits throughout their practice but will literature to prove how beneficial it really is.
Rogers, C. R. (1961). A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy. On Becoming a Person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Psychiatrist, Robert Waldinger, in his inspiring talk, “What makes a good life?” declares the concept of the power of relations. Waldinger’s purpose, As the director of a 75-year-old study on adult development, is to pass three important lessons learned from the study to have a full-filling life with true happiness and satisfaction. He embraces an emotional, sage and motivational tone to appeal to all the audience at different ages. Waldinger begins to attract his audience by showing credibility at first as he shows a convincing survey, toward the end of his talk, he keeps the same tone employing his audience’s emotions to reach his point using plenty of surveys and research.
Rogers wrote 19 books and many articles outlining his humanistic theory. Among his best-known works are Client-Centered Therapy (1951), On Becoming a Person (1961), and A Way of Being (1980) He continued to develop his theories In to the 50’s and was particularly concerned to validate his ideas through research, making a huge contribution to research in psychotherapy inspiring thousands of project in the 1960s, 70s and 80s to evaluate the effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy. His particular contributing to contemporary culture was to put the individual, their experience and self-healing potential at the heart of the change process. This was a serious challenge to mainstream psychology at the time which was bust trying to convince the world that psychologists were the ‘experts’ on human behaviour. With his emphasis on human potential, Carl Rogers had an enormous influence on both psychology and education. Beyond that, he is considered by many to be one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. More therapists cite Rogers as their primary influence than any other
All of these theories, I believe are imperfect. I will explain the differences between the Humanistic Perspective and the Sociocultural Perceptive and I will provide background information on the different theorist’s.
In 1963, his book On Becoming a Person went a step further in the direction of a process concept of therapy, growth, and development. The fully functioning person with peaceful and dynamic trust in the organism became the highlight of the new Rogerian era. Encounter groups (Ewen, 1998; Hall et al., 1998; Rogers, 1970; Swenson, 1987) for persons in search of personal growth and a more fluid experience of life became the main attraction of the movement in the United States and
Community and parent support is considered a valuable and vital part of the Reggio Emilia system. The exchange of ideas between parents and teachers is essential and favours the development of a new way of educating. The approach encourages interaction and communic...
In “Freedom”, Maria Montessori develops the idea that the role of an educator is to be a guider and observer. “She mays be always ready to supply the desired help, but may never be the obstacle between the child and his experience” (paragraph 1). The role of an educator, as stated, is to be a guider so that the child can unfold freely into who they want to be. The educator just needs to be there to keep the
The job of the teacher is to make the student want to learn, not make the student learn. I agree that self-evaluation and self-satisfaction should weigh above grades. Grades should be a measure of more for the teacher, not the student. Humanistic philosophy can be effectively applied to literacy, mainly with its ideas of choice and desire. Students will be more inclined to write to their best ability and read at a high level if they are the ones choosing the topic to write on or the book to be read.
Another perspective is the humanistic perspective. The humanistics perspective is an approach in psychology that studies the uniqueness of humans as individuals and emphasis on humans being good. It is an approach that study humans as a whole. Humanistic psychologists examine the behavior of humans through the eyes of both the observer and and the person. Humanistic psychology is based on the idea of free will. They believe that humans behave according to how they feel. Humanistic psychologists also believe that humans have the free will to change if they want to at anytime in their live. The humanistic perspective disagrees with both the psychodynamic and behavioral perspective, because they are both deterministic. Meaning that human choice has sufficient causes. Humanistic psychology became popular during the 1970s and the 1980s through psychologists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Humanistic perspective makes it easier for humans to understand complex situations and help make decisions. It suggest that human behavior is based on natural causes. Humanists understand the wor...
...xplain freedom and personal growth of a human and called as the third force of psychology. Client centered therapy was proposed by Carl Roger. The major concept of Roger’s theory is “self”. Roger developed the concept of fully-functioning person and believed proper communication between the client and the therapist is the basement of the therapy. Abraham Maslow focused on positive side of human’s mental health and Used Hierarchy table to explain human needs, figure 2:
I would have to say that I identify with the Reggio Emilia approach. I like that the curriculum is unique and dynamic and it allows the children to explore using materials from the environment. The teacher’s role is to partner in the learning process. Observe, and document what the children are doing/ learning. I like this way of learning because it engages the student in the learning process. The children work in small organized groups that are mixed together not by their intelligence. I like that every student works and correlates together as a team. They children ask their own questions, generate and test their own hypothesis. This approach works because it gives each child in the group a chance to use their strengths to share their own
During the course of my observations I have noticed humanist existing when the teacher gives the students options. This theory suggest that students will learn what they need and what they want and like I mentioned previously for Darian, learning happens in his seat on his time rather than on the rug during group reading or group work. As for existentialism this is noticeable in the classroom when the students exercise freedom of choice, usually Ms. Diaz gives her student’s choices like write about what we read or draw about what we read, giving the students a feeling of independence and partnership with regards to their education. The students usually start their days by setting classroom goals on a daily basis, which again allows the students to make choices. Behaviorism is another theory I explore in this classroom, because Ms. Diaz is very intuitive she makes many changes and is not afraid to change up her lesson plan or activities when they seem to be failing or lacking. One observation of this I noted was during the week of Halloween, Ms. Diaz asked Ms. Warm to read the students a book about Halloween, as Ms. Warm began to read the students became very talkative and were distracted. Ms. Diaz quickly realized the book was not age appropriate and therefore, instead of the book being enjoyable it was causing confusion and
An effective teacher will take the time to establish the interests and backgrounds of each student and will value the diversity of student’s contributions which leads me to agree with Montessori’s philosophy of education. The view that “every child is to be respected as a person with individual needs and interests” (Gutek, 2001, P. 181) and that the role of teacher is to facilitate a program based on how children learn and what they need to know to in order to function
Similar and yet still different to that of constructivism theory is the humanist approach. Humanists take into effect the recognition of a learner’s abilities in areas such as individual development, creativity and liberty. According to Maslow, 1987, for a student to attain self-actualization, an acceptance of lower level of requirements (safety and convenience) is necessary. Therefore, educations foremost purpose is achieving the maximum development capacity of an individual. Although we can say this approach is being implemented in some way to the present education system and learning, it is not to an optimal effect. Many students drop out of high school before they reach their VCE year, as mentioned in Appendix A. This is due to the fact that many feel misunderstood and unsupported. Furthermore resulting in the misconception of thinking they are not ‘smart’ enough to aim for higher education. Rogers, 1982, supported the
Teachers become the watch dogs and the regulators of the new way of life, helping the child to adapt to everything seemingly new for the child. But because the parents still play an important role in the life of the child, it becomes necessary and important to group the two main actors at this stage of the student’s life to work together in raising a complete human person. Therefore the idea of a Parent- Teacher Association came to be borne out of the necessity to avoid conflicting methods and approaches in raising the