Chase Sanchez Biology 202 September 2015 Effects of Exercise on Cardiac Output INTRODUCTION Blood flow to the muscles has been shown to increase with exercise (Lombardo, Rose, Taeschler, Tuluy, Bing, 1953). In this experiment, “blood flow” can be roughly measured as “Mean Arterial Pressure”. Mean Arterial Pressure is defined as the average blood pressure in the arteries throughout the entire cardiac cycle. This can be measured by multiplying “Cardiac Output” by “Total Peripheral Resistance”. Cardiac Output in essence is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, which can be written as the “Stroke volume (milliliters of blood per beat)” multiplied by “Heart rate (heart beats per minute). “Total Peripheral Resistance” can be defined …show more content…
While both subjects showed an increase in cardiac output with increased exercise intensity, only Chase showed an overall increase in Mean Arterial Pressure. This disparity in Chelsea’s numbers arose from the rise in pulse pressure of the second bout of exercise. The Total Peripheral Resistance was inverted in both subjects. While Chelsea showed the predicted decrease in Total Peripheral Resistance, Chase showed a continuous increase. At level 1 (50rpm), Chelsea exhibited a 7.5% increase in Cardiac Output, a 1.158% increase in Mean Arterial Pressure, and a decrease of 5.84% in Total Peripheral Resistance relative to her baseline. At level 2 (100rpm), Cardiac Output increased by 26.25%, Mean Arterial Pressure increased by 0.382% (a decrease from Level 1), and an increase of 20.78% in Total Peripheral Resistance relative to her baseline. At level 1 (50rpm), Chelsea exhibited a 9.2% increase in Cardiac Output, a 19.91% increase in Mean Arterial Pressure, and an increase of 6.02% in Total Peripheral Resistance relative to his baseline. At level 2 (100rpm), Cardiac Output increased by 10.8%, Mean Arterial Pressure increased by 16.37% (a decrease from Level 1), and an increase of 7.83% in Total Peripheral Resistance relative to his …show more content…
The prediction that as Cardiac Output increases, Total Peripheral Resistance must decrease for Mean Arterial Pressure to increase was not supported by the results of the experiment. For the results to concur with the prediction, Chase’s Total Peripheral Resistance needed to decrease as Cardiac Output increased for Mean Arterial pressure to increase. Improvements to the design of the experiment could include: a greater sample size, higher and increased number of exercise intensities (i.e. 50rpm, 70rpm, 100rpm, and 130rpm). Most of the quantitative data adds up to a well-supported prediction, but simple errors in the experiment such as too low of an intensity could have interfered with the final calculations. Pulse pressure in Chase’s Level 1 bout decreased, causing confusion. A greater sample size of subjects may help support the hypothesis better by eliminating anomalies in the data. More exercise intensities could show a more consistent overall change in each of the measurements. Stroke volume was also something not discussed; because Chase’s heart rate was significantly lower at rest, the stroke volume may have been higher than
1.2 & 1.3 Explain The Cardiac Cycle And Describe How The Heart Rate Is Modified According To The Needs Of The Body
This lab experiment was conducted in a Texas Woman’s University exercise physiology lab room, on September 20, 2013. It consisted of two main participants: A trained participant (Male; 30 years old; 72 in. tall; 82.9 kg) and an untrained participant (Female; 20 years old; 65 in. tall; 75 kg). They were selected by my Prof. April Hartman to participate because they were best qualified to conduct the study in our class. Both participants were assigned to carry out the same experimental task. The Bruce Protocol (graded test) on a treadmill (mode of exercise) was used to conduct the VO2max test. The materials needed were: 1 metabolic cart (with computers); 2 mouthpieces; 1 nose clip; 1 treadmill; 1 RPE scale; 1 timer; pen; paper; and a HR monitor.
Cardiomyopathy, by definition, means the weakening of the heart muscle. The heart is operated by a striated muscle that relies on the autonomic nervous system to function. Cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in four different ways based on what caused the illness and exactly what part of the heart is weakened. The four main types of cardiomyopathy are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. One other category of cardiomyopathy that is diagnosed is “unclassified cardiomyopathy.” Unclassified cardiomyopathy is the weakening of the heart that does not fit into the main four categories.
Currently, it is not possible to prescribe isometric exercise at an intensity that corresponds to given heart rates or systolic blood pressures1. This might be useful in optimizing the effects of isometric exercise training1. According to further study on this topic, linear relationships that have been discovered could be used to identify isometric exercise training intensities that correspond to precise heart rates or systolic blood pressures. Training performed in this way might provide greater insight into the underlying mechanisms for the cardiovascular adaptations that are known to occur as a result2. Studies have also shown a direct, strong, independent and continuous relation between blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality without any evidence of a threshold down to at least 115/75 mm Hg3. Further, it has been demonstrated that, as compared with optimal BP, normal and high-normal BP are associated with a higher incidence of CV disease3.
Overall, the aim of this experiment involved the examination of stimuli that triggered the bradycardia reflex, in relation to circulatory and physiological responses that occur in humans during dive reflex. Due to the different factors being generated the dive response was evoked to different extents. All variables including MAP, SV, CO, HR and TPR were monitored and varied (5). The basal measurements fell all within normal range, with respect to the conditions.
The Hearts and the Fist narrates the story of Eric Greitens' astonishing experiences as both a soldier and a humanitarian.
The Tell Tale Heart and Greasy Lake have interesting characters to analyze. Edgar Allen Poe’s Tell Tale Heart has an eerie and dark tone that Poe’s literary work is known for. Greasy Lake by T.C. Boyle starts out with hardcore yet naïve teenagers looking to had a good time. However, their naivety and immaturity will led them into a very bad situation.
... uptake during submaximal exercise but did increase heart rate and the rate-pressure product at rest and during both exercise and recovery’.
Not only does interval training increase the amount of oxygen the body can consume during exercise, but its efficiency in delivering the oxygen to the key muscles. This is attributed by researchers to increase in stroke volume. Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart in a single beat. The body can only continue performing exercise when the performing muscles receive oxygenated blood. Therefore, it is crucial that the oxygenated blood supply continue to be open throughout exercise. Stroke volume can increase through a higher left ventricular contractile force and/or through an increase in cardiac filling pressure, which raises end-diastolic volume and resultant stroke volume (Laursen, 2002). In addition to increased stroke volume, researchers have identified increased activity b...
During the first one or two minutes of exercise, before the heart has pumped enough oxygenated blood to the working muscles, the muscles are powered by anaerobic energy. In order for these muscles to continue exercise, the body must supply them with continuous supply of oxygen, the more efficiently this is done, the better the cardiovascular fitness level. During cardiovascular conditioning, a program such as interva...
This force transfers into the arteries and arterioles in other parts of the body as the blood moves away from the heart. Once the intensity drops and the stress on the heart decreases, the pressure in the arteries also reduces due to the less forceful contractions. Therefore, the hypotheses were accepted based on the averages of the data collected during the experiment. However, in order to have more accurate data, a larger sample size would be needed. In addition, using machines to measure heart rate and blood pressure could make the data more accurate than the process that was used in this experiment. Increased accuracy could also have been seen if there were more trials done when taking heart rate and blood pressure during the exercise stages and then averaging those
Throughout this investigation, I will be conducting a number of experiments to help solve whether or not heart rate is affected by exercise. My aim is to identify the difference of every volunteer’s heart rate and take down how old they are so I can evaluate whether or not the age of a person make a difference in their bpm (beats per minute).
AIM: - the aim of this experiment is to find out what the effects of exercise are on the heart rate. And to record these results in various formats. VARIABLES: - * Type of exercise * Duration of exercise * Intensity of exercise * Stage of respiration
The process of a drop of blood to go from the heart, to the body, and back to the heart is called the Cardiac Cycle. When the heart pumps blood throughout the body, there are a lot of factors that help it happen and influence how well it happens. It is a very quick cycle, occurring every .8 seconds, which means it happened about 70 times per minute. Systoles, diastoles, and blood pressure all are the main components of what make a cardiac cycle occur.
The human heart is one, if not the most, vital organ in the human body. The heart pumps blood through the circulatory system. It is what provides the body with oxygen and nutrients. Of course, without this important, muscular, organ there would be no way to survive. “Everyday your heart beats about 100,000 times, sending 2,000 gallons of blood surging through your body. Although it is no bigger than your fist, your heart has a mighty job of keeping blood flowing through 60,000 miles of blood vessels that feed your organs and tissues” (Watson n.pag.). Any type of damage or restriction to the heart or its valves can reduce pumping. Cardiovascular diseases are examples that cause damage to the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally, accounting for thirty percent of deaths. Since the heart has such an important role in the human body, it is critical that it is functioning and working properly. An important medical test used to observe the heart is called transesophageal echocardiography, also known as TEE.