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Literature review of classroom management techniques
Literature review of classroom management techniques
Classroom management and organisation
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Students that exhibit disruptive behavior in the classroom will continue to do so until the behavior escalates into circumstances that intimidate and challenge the safety of others in the classroom, if left unchecked. That is why classroom management in so important to implement on the first day of school. “Management is nothing more than motivating other people.” (Iacocca) In a well-managed classroom, a teacher has to spend little time disciplining students. The Canters behavior management cycle has three easy to follow steps. Utilizing a case study is the simplest way to illustrate the effectiveness of Canters cycle.
Canter method enables teachers to take charge of their classroom by observing the rights of the students as well as those of the teacher. As a student, in Miss Jones’ Class, John, would know the teacher's expectations without having to guess. John is an 11 year old, in the sixth grade at Washington Elementary School. John comes from a single parent home. His father is not in the picture. His mother works two jobs, so his grandmother cares for him. At home, he is in charge; his grandmother has no control over his behavior. His family life affects John’s behavior in class; he dislikes having to follow the rules at school. The main problem he is having in the classroom is talking; He disrupts class by talking out of turn. The first step in the behavior management cycle: “effectively communicate explicit directions.” (Canter, 2006, p. 50) “I need everyone’s attention. That means your eyes on me, nothing in your hands and no one is talking.” Canter’s model promotes a supportive classroom, which allows teachers to teach and students to learn. Student are taught to behave and teachers use praise and other rewards ...
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...have more time to teach, and discipline will take less time. “In motivating people, you've got to engage their minds and their hearts. I motivate people, I hope, by example - and perhaps by excitement, by having productive ideas to make others feel involved” (Murdoch)
Works Cited
Anne B. Bucalos, A. S. (2005). What Kind of "Managers" Do Adolescents Really Need? Helping Middle and Secondary Teachers Manage Classrooms Effectively. Beyond Behavior, 14(5), 9-14.
Canter, L. (2006). Lee Canter's Classroom manageent for Academic Sucess. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.
Iacocca, L. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from BrainyQuote.com: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/l/leeiacocca149257.html
Murdoch, R. (n.d.). Brainy Quotes. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from brainyquote.com: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/r/rupertmurd109359.html
In this report I intend to focus on the different strategies of quieting down and calming the class. Managing the behaviour of the classroom has always been a problem for the class teacher. When given the responsibility of 30 children, all individual, all different, it is a hard task to try and also keep your class peaceful and co-operative. The Elton report stated that ‘Primary schools had to deal with many incidents of minor disruptive behaviour e.g. shouting out, pushing, running in school, name calling, defiance.’ (Elton Report 1989)
Like these theorists, her pedagogy is aimed towards prevention of misbehaviour rather than subsequent punishment. In her classroom, Miss Gee implements Ginott’s model of congruent communication, articulating the implications of a scenario whilst acknowledging the students feelings. For example using Ginott’s “I phrases” such as “I feel…” to communicate effectively the impact the misbehaviour has on others. This method of Ginott’s congruent communication conveys to students that their behaviour is bad; the student themself is not ‘bad’. As Ginott advocates using a calm tone of voice over yelling, the atmosphere stays ‘chill’ and misbehaviour deescalates. The open and harmonious communication strategy used in Miss Gee’s classroom ensures that issues in the classroom are managed without the need to resort to screaming or punishment. Likewise to Kounin’s classroom management model, Miss Gee believes the teacher is accountable and responsible for the student’s behaviour and the class momentum; it is crucial the teacher is present and shows care. To ensure that learning can transpire, Kounin’s ideas of teacher presence, with-it-ness and group movement are key. In addition, student-devised ‘rules’ regarding the respect of equipment and others, are another strategy to ensure students have accountability for
The theory focuses on establishing a class atmosphere by attending directly to students needs, caringly controlling behaviour by adapting effective class rules and consequences so that, learning can take place as intended (Charles, 2005). Additionally, teachers educate students on proper behaviour by specifying rule such as “We raise our hands to speak” that are specific and visible. Teachers use specific reinforcers such as recognition when rules are followed and punishers for breaking them (Eggen & Kauchak, 2001). Therefore, the main principles of AD specify that children behavoural limits and consequences need clarification (Lyons et al., 2014) and have the right that these requirements are taught by an assertive and caring teacher who determinedly works to encourages the best welfare for the students Likewise, teachers have the right to teach students, disruption-free, which is based on a clear classroom discipline plan that is supported by the school and parents (Charles, 2005).Hence, AD is a positively controlled style of discipline endorsed by the
Discipline is important in maintaining a positive classroom environment and influencing a child’s development. During my field experience at S.H. Elementary, I have observed Mrs. Branson using various techniques to reinforce positive behavior in her 3rd grade classroom. Mrs. Branson’s teachers 3rd grade in a charter school located in the south suburbs of Minneapolis. Her class consist of 23 diverse student learners from various racial, ethical, cultural, and economic backgrounds. Each student acquires individual wants and needs, and exhibits a range of behaviors. Mrs. Branson practices operant conditioning techniques to acquire the good behavior she wants and needs from her students.
engaging, you wont have discipline problems” (Boyd 2012). The truth is, you may have fewer student
There are different ways that a teacher can deal with a student’s undesirable behavior. Some of these strategies are: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment or extinction. The type of r...
In light of my School Experience (SE), I will be analysing, discussing and evaluating an aspect of classroom practice. The practice that I have chosen is ‘Behaviour Management’. Behaviour management plays a key role within the classroom and there are a number of techniques used by teachers on a day to day basis. I will look at these techniques in detail, analysing and evaluating them with the work of behaviour management authors and also taking into account my SE observations.
This theory states that teachers were in charge of the classroom, and had the right to teach without interruptions. An assertive teacher should be firm with the structure, rules, procedures, and routines. Canter’s theories work best when implemented during the first day of class. The rules and consequences will be clearly discussed with the student so that each person should comply with the rules given. The set of rules will also be given to the parents to sign and return the next day. This will develop a sense of responsibility for learning and behaving in the correct
Decades ago, a world – renown educational philosopher, Harry K. Wong defined classroom management as, “the practises and procedures that allow teachers to teach and students to learn” (Starr, 2005). Harry K. Wong also describes that classroom managements is something that refers to all of the necessary things that a teacher does to organize students, space, time, and materials so that learning can occur efficiently. This management includes fostering students’ full participation, plus their overall commitment and contribution in the productive classroom activities that are being carried out in the active working environment. Becoming a skilled and talented skilled classroom manager and facilitator allows a teacher to be adequately prepared in any kind of situation that may inhibit and affect the learning process of the students. Robert J. Marzano, in his book, The Art and Science of Teaching, states that, “Many studies have quantified the influence an effective teacher has on student achievement that is relatively independent of anything else that occurs in the school” (2007). This quotes implies that, a good effective teacher should possess characteristics likely making a good eye contact with students, enforces the rules consistently and regularly, teaches students the concept of consequences and responsibilities and countless more. Romano (2006) reported that approximately 20% of teachers leave the profession within their first three years of teaching service, and 9.3% leave before their first year is even completed due to the low self-esteem in managing the students disciplinary and behaviour problems. Apart from that the study research done by the Supervisor Prof. Fredrick Ogola in Kenya Secondary Education proves that the fi...
Classroom management, involving all the strategies used by teachers in order to provide order in the classroom, can be regarded as an essential for effective teaching and learning. According to Davis (1981), “basic classroom management is just plain good sense. Yet, it can be as personal as your private lifestyle” (p.79). One of the biggest challenge teachers face day in and day out is dealing with behavior of children and young pupils in classroom. Therefore, the classroom practice of individual teachers would be the key aspect of improving the behavior of pupils in schools (Hart, 2010). One of the significant attribute of promise to teaching, especially in classroom behavior management, is teacher’s sense of efficacy. According to Woolfolk-Hoy (2000), development of self-efficacy is essential for producing effective, committed and ardent teachers, Moreover, teachers who are trained to be more effective in meeting both academic and non-academic student needs create a positive and successful classroom environment for all students (Alvares, 2007). The importance of self-efficacy in behavior management has been highlighted by Martin, linfoot, and stephenson (1999) who proposed that teacher’ responses to misbehavior may be mediated by their beliefs about their ability to deal with behavior, as well as their beliefs about the causes of student misbehavior.
As discussed throughout this paper we build our classroom management plans based on our past experiences, our knowledge, our professional learning and our very own personal reflection. The importance of our beliefs, values and our philosophy play a major role in our planning. I, personally have a strong desire to support students who are often labelled ‘troubled’ and ‘the naughty child’, I believe there are reasons behind why students misbehave and strive to do my best as an educator to engage students through positive reinforcements as discussed and continue to put in place preventive practices. Building our own positive learning framework is key to a successful classroom. Even throughout our ongoing experiences we may adapt to other methods, theories and even values according to our journey as a teacher. Even as teachers we will always be learning and continue to perfect our individual
Classroom management is an important component of successful teaching. It is that teachers create and maintain appropriate behavior of students in classroom settings. (1…) Kessler (2012) mentions that “[s]tudies suggest that up to 51% of children may have a diagnosable mental health disorder, many of which involve severe impairment at home or school” (Kessler et al., 2012). Classroom management is defined as “ [c]lassroom management is the term educators use to describe methods of preventing misbehavior and dealing with it if it arises. In other words, it is the techniques teachers use to maintain control
Classroom management is a key element to establish a successful learning environment in any classroom. An effective classroom management plan creates a positive learning environment. Classroom management is affected by the characteristics of the students and their behavior. Students’ behavior is influenced by their age, academic abilities, goals, interests, and home backgrounds (Evertson, Emmer, and Worsham, 2006). Teachers need a diverse array of classroom management skills to facilitate learning. A classroom with a proper management plan will spend less time in disciplining and more time in learning. Students in effectively managed classrooms know and follow clearly defined rules and routines. A classroom management plan should provide for several important factors that influence proper discipline in the classroom (Edwards, 2004).
As stated earlier, I believe Classroom Management is the key to how learning can take place and students can feel safe participating. I hope to create an environment that is conducive to learning and involves all my students. I believe the most important part of classroom management is not the behavior problems but creating a good rapport with the students, encouraging them to succeed and setting high expectations for them. As well as using an engaging a curriculum, I believe you can create this environment and it will limit the behavior problems in your classroom from the
Of course, classroom management also includes discipline and corrective methods. In my situation, I feel that giving students behavioral boundaries and setting high behavioral