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How to manage disasters
How to manage disasters
How to manage disasters
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I was asked to reflect on aspects of CEM and to show how it captures the aspects of PPD-8. CEM stands for comprehensive emergency management, which is being prepared for emergency situations and carrying out operations to mitigate, prepare, respond, and recover from any emergencies or disasters. Overall, CEM has a lot to do with the creation of emergency operation plans (EOP). This includes the activation of incident command systems (ICS). This is a tool used for command, control and coordination of emergency response. It is also a set of personnel, policies, procedures, and facilities that can be integrated into a common organized group to improve emergency response operations of all types. One of the goals of CEM is to make effective preparedness …show more content…
The well-known phases are mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation consists of activities that allow us to decrease the negative effects of disasters. This can be as simple as finding out whether a homeowner lives in a flood zone and preparing for it. Each phase of emergency management leads to the next phase. The preparedness phase consists of making plans for different disasters. Response is known as the immediate reaction to the disaster. How a person responds to an event can greatly affect the population, environment, and government. Recovery begins initially after an emergency situation. This phase deals a lot with helping a community re-establish essential functions and re-construction efforts. Sometimes this requires a massive amount of coordination and man power to pull a community back together. Even the smallest disaster can have a huge impact on the population, the environment, and the government. When using comprehensive emergency management it is important to consider all possible impacts.
PPD-8 is a policy directive from the president of the United States of America that simply asks for federal agencies to work together as a whole and with the entire community to improve emergency preparedness. He basically made this policy to help towards preparedness activities going on in everyday life. When I say everyone it can mean the regular every day working Americans, business owners, schools etc. One of the ways that this policy reflects on CEM is that it is a very wide view policy. It is trying to use everyone to help be more prepared for all kinds of disasters throughout the
Waugh, William L, and Gregory Streib. "Collaboration and Leadership for Effective Emergency Management." Public Administration Review, 66.6 (2006): 131-140.
The National Incident Management System, NIMS was introduced in March 2004, and is the country’s comprehensive approach to incident management. It outlines how first responders from different disciplines and jurisdictions can work together. The NIMS improves the coordination and cooperation between the public and private entities in different domestic incident management activities. It also creates a framework for compatibility and interoperability through balancing standardization and flexibility. As such, NIMS comes up with a flexible framework for the federal government to work together with private entities to manage domestic incident management activities.
The recovery process starts as the initial response effort slows down. Recovery actions are taken to help the public and city to return to normal everyday life. The recovery process requires a contribution from everyone. In the short term, recovery is an extension of the response phase in which basic services and functions are restored. In the long term, recovery is a restoration of both the personal lives of individuals and the livelihood of the community. (Homeland Security, 2008)
Both man-made and natural disasters are often devastating, resource draining and disruptive. Having a basic plan ready for these types of disaster events is key to the success of executing and implementing, as well as assessing the aftermath. There are many different ways to create an emergency operations plan (EOP) to encompass a natural and/or man-made disaster, including following the six stage planning process, collection of information, and identification of threats and hazards. The most important aspect of the US emergency management system in preparing for, mitigating, and responding to man-made and natural disasters is the creation, implementation and assessment of a community’s EOP.
NIMS provides a uniform nationwide basis and way for federal, state, tribal, and local governments, along with the public to work on preparedness, recovery, response and mitigation no matter what causes an event. With all organizations using the same application, effective and efficient responses are possible. Organizations will be able to arrive on the scene and be ready to assist and understand exactly what each group is doing and why. Protocols are set and it is known what equipment and personnel are available. With NIMS all groups are able to integrate und...
Emergency Management has always been an important role in government, communities, and some organizations when dealing with planning and response to emergencies and disasters. However, since the September 11th attacks and other terrorist attacks on United States soil such as the Oklahoma City bombing, or the Boston terror attack, emergency management now has a more active and upfront role. Planning for terrorist attacks is no longer if but when.
Perry, R. W., & Lindell, M. K. (2007). Disaster Response. In W. L. Waugh, & K. Tiernery, Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government (pp. 162-163). Washington D.C.: International City/County Management Association.
For this assignment, I will again examine my own department, the Knoxville Police Department (KPD). After September 11, 2001, the Knoxville Police Department had to look at its policies and make some changes. Knoxville does not have a Homeland Security Plan in itself, but does have an All Hazard Plan that covers the aspects of Homeland Security. The All Hazard Plan was last updated in 2013 and covers unusual occurrences that other General Orders and SOPs do not (KPD, 2013). The plan has an introduction and then moves on to cover the aspects of the Incident Command System or ICS (KPD, 2013). This is a very important part of any unusual occurrence, especially when other departments and jurisdictions are involved, as it establishes
Tasked by the ACF, our team of disaster case managers and responders are on the scene within 72 hours of its start. From there, ACF Immediate Disaster Case Management (ACF IDCM) starts meeting with those suffering from the disaster to fully access what is needed for a proper recovery. While tasked by the ACF, the IDCM program is completely self-sufficient while receiving support from BCFS EMD’s Incident Management Team. Through BCFS’ support, the program is provided complete operations, logistics and planning support to meet its
The Calgary Flood of 2013 forced over 100 000 people out of their homes, caused the death of three people, and caused six billion dollars in damage. Numerous buildings had no electricity, roads were shut down, and residents were asked to limit their use of water. The Alberta Government states that it will take many years to repair all the damage and have everything to return back to its normal state (CBC News, 2013). Most of the recommendations that were made after the flood in 2005 were never acted on, leaving Calgary ill prepared for the 2013 flood (Paperny, 2013). Emergency management is a framework that emcompasses procedures to effectively deal with natural and human disasters (Stanhope, Lancaster, Jessup-Falcioni, & Viverais-Dresler, 2011). The initiatives in the framework illustrate the four stages of disaster management in Canada: prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Natural disasters, namely the 2013 Calgary Flood, impact the community as a whole, and incline nurses to apply expertise skills while utilizing all resources available to initiate the disaster management framework of prevention and mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery (Stanhope et al., 2011).
The extent or the impact of a natural or man-made event can qualify a region of a state to be declared a disaster. Once the president makes this declaration, it initiates the efforts of FEMA. The kind of relief after a disaster depends on the immediate goal of affected people. In the disaster response phase, FEMA would focus on the immediate needs of individuals such as food, water, rescue, and medical services. FEMA has emergency support functions(ESFs) that deals with communications, transportation, logistics, and public safety and security.
Sometimes one phase of the emergency management tends to overlap of adjacent phase. The concept of “phases” has been used since the 1930’s to help describe, examine, and understand disasters and to help organize the practice of emergency management. In an article titled Reconsidering the Phases of Disaster, David Neal cites different examples of different researchers using five, six, seven, and up to eight phases long before the four phases became the standard. (Neal 1997) This acknowledges that critical activities frequently cover more than one phase, and the boundaries between phases are seldom precise. Most sources also emphasize that important interrelationships exist among all the ph...
The pre disaster stage is the time when a disaster has not happened but mitigation at this stage is required to lessen the risk. Preparedness is again an important part in this stage. Being prepared can mean the difference between life and death in a short time frame. Preparedness and mitigation are the two parts which are taken care of pre Disasters. In post disaster there are three parts which need attention, Rescue, Relief, and Recovery. Rescue is the primitive move to protect life and property. Rescue and Evacuation are the combined terms generally is used post disasters. But evacuation is helping people to move from areas that are been hit by a disaster to a safer place. Relief and recovery are important part of the respond stage, wherein there is a time constraint to bring back things to normal situation as quickly as possible. In the below Figure -2, the yellow spot represents the time when the disaster is hit i.e. the during disaster
The federal government's role in planning for, mitigating, responding to and recovering from natural and human-made disasters dates to the Congressional Act of 1803, which was enacted to provide relief from the aftermath of a devastating New Hampshire fire (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2010). Later disasters in our nation’s history “reached catastrophic proportions in terms of deaths, injuries and property loss which focused government and public attention on the need to develop formal systems to respond to such events” (Waugh & Tierney, 2007, p. 27). By the 1970’s, more than 100 agencies were responsible for some element of emergency preparedness and response. Competing and sometimes duplicative programs were also instituted at state and local levels which compounded the complexity of response efforts. This broad-based, uncoordinated approach yielded a fragmented response posture, with roles and missions unclear across government, community and private sector lines.
Communities throughout the country and the world are susceptible to disasters. The environment and location of a community often predisposes a greater susceptibility to the type of disaster. For example Central Pennsylvania would not be susceptible to an avalanche however communities in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado would have increase vulnerability. Understanding the types of disaster for which the community is susceptible is essential for emergency preparedness (Nies & McEwen, 2011). All communities are susceptible to man-made disasters; terrorism, fires, and mass transit accidents and emergency preparedness are essential. The Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency (PEMA) is responsible for disaster planning.