BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER IV
BUSINESS REPORTS AND PROPOSALS
A Report is a logical presentation of facts and information. A Proposal is a special analytical type of report prepared to get products, plans, or projects accepted by others.
In business every aspect of any job involves report writing – annual reports, monthly sales reports, or production and project reports – all of which require extensive analysis of data and figures. Almost everyone in a management job has to do some report writing. The higher the job, the more reports it usually entails.
A Proposal is a special analytical type of report prepared to get products, plans, or projects accepted by others. Proposals are an important part of job-related writing because their acceptance
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Organize the report: A report could be presented as a memo report, a standardized form report, or a formal report. A memo report will involve the following five steps :
i. Provide identifying information ( usually in the To, From, Date and Subject fields) ii. Define the project or problem (purpose of the report) iii. Give the background iv. Give the supporting data
v. State your conclusions and recommendations
PARTS OF A REPORT A few general guidelines are applicable to many types of business reports. If your report is extensive (more than two pages), you should include descriptive heading for the major sections, to help readers navigate the report easily.
A. Introduction
B. Summary
C. Discussion
D. Conclusion
CORPORATE REPORTS Corporate reports are special kinds of reports brought up by public or listed companies periodically as part of their corporate communication exercise to the shareholders, creditors, government etc. Corporate reports are usually statutory reports. Section 165 of the Companies Act, 1956 includes auditor’s report, Director’s report etc., under statutory reports. The various types of corporate reports are as follows
A. Director’s Reports (Board’s Reports)
B. Auditor’s Reports
C. Cost audit
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In practice, some proposals fit this definition well.
Proposals are usually written, but they can also be oral presentations or a combination of both. They may be made by and for a variety of individuals or organizations. They can even be made internally.
A proposal is an offer to be sold to clients and should contain information that would enable them to decide whether to approve the project, to approve or hire you to do the work or both. To write a successful proposal, put yourself in the place of the target audience- the recipient of the proposal-and think about the sort of information that would be needed for you to win over the audience and sell the proposal.
TYPES OF BUSINESS PROPOSALS Business proposals can be divided into two categories
• According to the target audience
Internal Proposals
External Proposals
• According to the
The objective of financial reporting/statements is to provide information about the reporting entity’s financial performance and financial position that is useful to a wide range of users for assessing the stewardship of the entity’s management and for making economic decisions.
Finally, set aside enough time to carefully review your proposal. During this review, ensure that your story is consistent. Proposals should make a strong case, show a compelling need and show how the proposed activities will effectively address that need. Your Action Plan should name the same target substances you identified in your Community Needs section. The strategies and activities in the action plan should directly relate to your target substances, and your budget should include only the costs associated with those strategies and activities. Use the scoring criteria and point allocations to make sure all RFA requirements are addressed, and score the section as though you were the reviewer. Lastly, allocate enough time at the end of this process to address any delinquencies you find, before submitting your final proposal.
The Securities and Exchange Commission requires that publicly owned businesses provide annual reports, which are available to the public. Many different people use annual reports, to make informed business decisions. Management from the company uses the information to determine a number of items. Some of these items are the profitability of the company, the inventory turnover rate, and the accounts receivables rate. Creditors use the annual report to determine how well a company can satisfy its current liabilities, as well as, how the company is doing in the aspect of long tem survival. Another group of people who use the annual reports furnished by companies are the investors, who can purchase shares of stock from the publicly company. Annual reports are very important to these people, because they are an over all picture to help them determine the over all stability and reliability of the company’s financial outlook. These annual reports are important because they do not only contain the financial statements of the company, but there is a management ‘s note to discuss reasons for any unexpected numbers, and an auditor’s report, from an independent accounting firm, who either agrees or disagrees with the financial numbers. Market reporter Matt Krant said, “Ignoring these reports is akin to driving down the freeway blindfolded.”
This proposal is allowing me to explain and ask for permission to carry on further and make a report. It is a document asking for a permission to expand on all the information I’ve been given and allowing me to put it into a report about my subject.
Vice, J. P., and L. W. Carnes. "Developing Communication and Professional Skills Through Analytical Reports." Business Communication Quarterly 64.1 (2001): 84-96. Web 20 Apr. 2012.
Talking directly to the stakeholders will help answer most of these key questions. For IT projects meeting the key stakeholders in a forum to review progress on the project is key to its success. Therefore a well drawn up project plan will ensure that there is enough representation of the stakeholders at the regular project review meetings.
I have been assigned several times to create reports and briefing of the analyze data. I had to ensure
This is where a firm has a research team look in to possible new ideas
... and managerial accounting is the types of reports prepared. Internal reports are tailored to meet the need of management and may vary from business to business. External reports however, follow certain standards and guidelines and are thus more uniformed among companies. (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002) No government regulator or auditor is going to insist that a company implement a good management accounting system. (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010) The choice of how to collect and utilize information in a company is strictly management’s decision and is a part of the company’s competitive strategy.
Although not particularly in an integrated format, Amcor’s reports have extensive detail to the core content elements of i0ntegrated reporting. Through two reports, they address the six capitals of Integrated reporting which are Financial, Manufactured, Intellectual, Human, Social Relationship and Environmental Capitals.
One way to provide clear description of a project is to prepare project charter. A Guide to the Project Management Body Of Knowledge (2008), “it is the process of developing a document that formally authorizes a project or a phase and initial requirements that satisfy the stake holder needs expectations” (pg.71). Preparing a project charter is the initial step for project manager to start any project. In Project charter we can describe different components of the projects. To start any project, preparing a project charter is the initial steps for project manager. Some of the essential components are described below.
The written document that describes your advertising and marketing efforts for the coming year; it includes a statement of the marketing situation, a discussion of target markets and company positioning and a description of the marketing mix you intend to use to reach your marketing goals.” (Source: www.entreprenaur.com)
All accounting reports are shared by all levels of accounting managers. The management of the information which at the accounting department is one of the most important factors in determines the effectiveness and efficiency of the department. The information that gathers included the invoice, account document, payment, draft, banking document and etc. It is important to ensure the validity and the accuracy of the information that provided to the department.
To entice new investors, most companies assemble their financial statements on fine paper with pleasing graphics and photos in an annual report to shareholders, attempting to capture the excitement and culture of the organization in a "marketing brochure" of sorts.
Intelligence report writing takes a lot of preparation before finalizing or conducting a brief. There are many different techniques that can be used to present information that has been discovered during an intelligence investigation. Various charts can be used to analyze the timelines, criminal activities, financial activities, or biographical profiles to prove or disprove lawful conduct of the individual or the organization.