Brain Metastases
Brain metastases or BM is a type of brain tumor that can be caused from different types of cancers that are in the body before or after treatment. Around 20-40% of cancer patients and 30-40% of people with regular Metastases can get BM therefore, it affects a lot of people. BM is usually not a huge tumor, it is mostly never longer than four centimeters in diameter for big lesions and no more than three centimeters in smaller lesions (Andrews, D. W.& Scott, C. B. 2005). Doctors can diagnose BM using symptoms and effects, it is also related to cancer, but it does have treatments in which different surgeons use different methods.
Symptoms and Effects of Brain Metastases
A way to tell if Brain metastases is occurring in a body is that the person will start to show symptoms headaches and seizures and will have had or have a brain tumor (de las Heras., et al., 2013). Doctors use MRIs to diagnose BM if patients are feeling these symptoms (Women's Health Weekly, 2017; Andrews, D. W., Scott, C. B., 2005). You can also tell if you check the gene signature because it BM has its own and it is 26. (Women's Health Weekly, 2017). Effects that BM can have on one’s person brain is that it could cause problems with their cognitive thinking and their memory (de las Heras., et al., 2013). Womens’s Health Weekly (2007) claims BM is going to
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Different doctors have their own preferable ways that they always use on their patients (de las Heras., et al., 2013; Martínez-García, 2015). One treatment is whole-brain therapy and that surgery can get out the BM that the doctors can visually see although others say that the fastest and the most efficient way to get rid of BM (de las Heras., et al., 2013). Also, according to Vilarino-Quintela a type of immunotherapy which is another type of surgery seemed successful to Mectastic melanoma can be altered to be viable for BM
Overall, as the concentration of the substrate increases, the enzyme activity increases up to a 70% of solution, where the enzyme activity starts to level off. The curve is polynomial because of the fact that the enzyme activity exponentially increases as the concentration of substrate increase; additional evidence for this is the fact that the gradient graph is constantly changing. The polynomial curve is shown because until 70% (the saturation point); this is because there are more casein substrate molecules that can successfully collide with the renin enzyme molecule, therefore increasing the rate of reaction.
National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health Melanoma Treatment (PDQ) Treatment Option Overview 2012 retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/melanoma/Patient/page4
After seeing his physician, he told him that he had some of the common symptoms of a brain tumor. Brain tumors have a variety of symptoms ranging from headache to stroke. Seizures may be the initial manifestation of a brain tumor, and eventually as many as 30% of patients with brain tumors will develop seizures. Gradual loss of movement or sensation in an arm or leg may occur. Unsteadiness or imbalance, and double vision may occur, especially if it is associated with headache.
Glioblastomas (GBM) are tumors that arise from the supportive tissues of the brain. These supportive tissues are composed of astrocytes, star-shaped glial cells that play a very important role in neural functioning. Glioblastomas are highly malignant because astrocytes reproduce quickly and are supported by a large network of blood vessels. Although they are generally found in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain, glioblastomas can be found anywhere in the brain or spinal cord. The tumors come from normal brain cells, so it is easy for them to invade and live within normal brain tissue. However, glioblastoma rarely spreads elsewhere in the body. (1)
Brain metastases are a common complication of cancer. The incidence of brain metastases is increasing worldwide [2]. About 160,000 to 170,000 of new cases occur per year in the United States. The most frequent types of cancers that tend to develop brain metastases are lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, which account for 67%-80% of all cancers [3]. The most recent population-based study was conducted by Barnholtz-Sloan et al. [4] who used the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System and found the incidence percentage of brain metastases to be 9.6% between 1973 and 2001. Overall, population-based studies show incidence rates of brain metastases ranging from 8.3 to 14.3 per 100,000 population and 8.5-9.6...
Malignant melanoma is usually diagnosed by the doctor looking at a certain area in the skin that might raise concern. The doctor will then perform a skin biopsy which is known as removing all or a part of the skin area that is infected while under a local anesthesia and sending the specimen that was collected to a pathologist to be looked at. The skin biopsy report might show an atypical mole, a melanoma that might need surgery, and a benign condition that doctor wont need to treat. Some doctors might also use a technique called dermatoscopy which is when they cover a suspicious spot with oil and examine it with a brightly lit magnifying instrument.
The specific brain regions affected by CTE are often debated, but some of the areas most commonly agreed upon to show deterioration are: limbic system (thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, mammillary bodies), hippocampus, cerebral cortex, fron...
Melanoma is a very serious type of skin cancer. The cancer starts in skin cells known melanocytes. Even though melanoma primarily affects skin cells, it also can grow in the eyes (uveal melanoma). Melanocytes are made up of melanin, which provides skin color and protects the deeper layers of the skin from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Even though I knew my grandmother for 17 years before she died my mother told me that I had never met her. According to her my grandmother had not been "herself" for years because the affects of her advanced age had basically destroyed the person she once was and turner her into a living zombie. Although humans live an average of 85 years, things such as memory loss and lack of motor control can completely change a person and in a way kill her years before she dies. Vascular Dementia has the same general symptoms as "old age" only it typically occurs in younger people. Binswanger's Disease is a specific type of vascular dementia, probably the most common form, which affects people at approximately age 60. Most people diagnosed with this disease do not live past five years of its onset(1). Currently, not much is known about Binswanger's Disease; in many ways it resembles various other neurological disorders making it difficult to diagnose. The trademark of this disease is damage to the blood vessels in the deep white matter of the brain(1),(4),(5). The pons, basal ganglia, and thalamus are typical sites for these lesions(5),(7). A Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan is one of the most reliable ways to see this damage(5),(6). However, with outward symptoms such as depression, strokes, and disease of heart valves(1),(2),(3),(5) an MRI is not typically one of the first diagnostic tool used and the disease proceeds unchecked.
( what is the main symptom of Dementia and how does this affect a person ? )
These deficits include: perseveration, which is the inability to make behavioral shifts in attention, movement and attitude, decreased creativity, poor recall of verbal and nonverbal material, difficulty writing, and deficits in comprehension of logical-grammatical constructions (CJ Long 2005). Other effects of extensive lesions: - easily distracted - disturbances in memory - defects in time sense - decreased anxiety - less critical of oneself - difficulty with unfamiliar analogies - impulsivity
According to SEER Statistics, 23,380 people are estimated to get a brain or nervous system cancer diagnosis. Out of those people, 14,320 people are estimated to die from their brain or nervous system cancer diagnosis (National Cancer Institute). Cancer is a type of dangerous tumor, or a buildup of extra cells that form a mass of tissue, that can be life threatening (National Cancer Institute). The term for a tumor that is cancerous is a malignat tumor, whereas a benign tumor does not contain cancer cells (National Cancer Institute). According to the National Cancer Institute, the causes of brain cancer are unknown, but risk factors include family history and excessive radiaton exposure. Although they are not always due to a brain tumor, comon symptoms include headaches, nausea, speech, hearing, vision, and mood changes, problems with balance and mamories, seizures, and numbness in arms and legs (National Cancer Institute). MRI and CT scans as well as surgical biposies (or the removal of part of the tumor to be examined) are used to diagnose brain cancer (National Cancer Institute). Different types of treatment options include radiation therapy, surgery to remove the tumor, and chemotherapy. According to Charles Davis, MD, PhD and Nitin Tandon, MD of WebMD.com, chemotherapy is “ the use of powerful drugs to kill tumor cells”. There are a few different types of chemotherapy, but all of which bring out the same kinds of side effects. Although the physical side effects of chemotherapy are commonly known, few people know of the emotional toll chemotherapy can take on a patient and his or her family as they go though this process.
The implications of becoming aware that you have been afflicted with this disease may extend far beyond just a physical condition. Learning that you have cancer can significantly affect a person’s mental, emotional, and physical health. This could cause tension in social relationships, finances, or other lifestyle choices. Becoming more anxious or depressed can considerably hinder a person’s ability to make rational decisions when it concerns their well-being. For these reasons, it is crucial for one to seek professional help for all aspects of their lives when they become aware of any serious changes.
Obstructions such as tumors can interrupt normal brain activity, leading to deficits of normal reasoning, motor control, or consciousness. Many of the signs of neural damage are easily recognizable by an outside observer, but since the actual cause of these problems are internal, the symptoms can be vague. The real deficits can affect the brain’s anatomy, or the way signals are processed. A physician can only determine the real cause by examining the brain internally to find irregularities, either in structure or in functioning.
Materials and Methods: In this line, we analyzed brain MRI images of 54 MS patients compared to 128 healthy individuals MRI images by PmsDViewer software. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test statistically.