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Prejudice and discrimination in social psychology
Various aspects of prejudice
Various aspects of prejudice
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With an hourly rate of 330 aggressive acts, Bojack Horseman (non-educational cartoon) was the most aggressive show of the three observed. The aggression was primarily psychological in nature, with characters frequently insulting each other (34 acts in 20 minutes). This particular episode of Bojack has the benefit of being in the second season, allowing creators to spend less time introducing characters. This also means that characters are able to act more aggressively with each other, as viewers are expected to be aware of previous grudges and events. The level of prosocial behavior in Bojack was low at an hourly rate of 39, but not the lowest. Because the show features many conversations between characters, there were several opportunities …show more content…
To provide aid or sympathy, at least one party must be experiencing some sort of issue and at least one other party must be invested, in some way, in the the first party’s welfare. This setup requires time and effort establishing something that isn’t necessary for a character to insult another character’s intelligence, and it’s an act that can be entirely unprovoked. Verbal aggression was by far the most common form of aggression in all three shows, and perhaps it’s no coincidence it’s the most easy to perform with potentially few …show more content…
What may seem insulting or abusive to one person may not seem that way to another. This highlighted the need to not only have operational definitions but to have explicit and unambiguous operational definitions. It also exemplifies the need to have points of comparison and controlling as many variables as possible. For example, if multiple people watched the same episodes, would the number of aggressive and prosocial acts be the same or similar, even given the same operational definitions? If all three episodes were the first episode of the first season of their respective shows, would the levels of aggressive/prosocial behavior be similar? What if all three shows had all-human casts? This project also demonstrated the effect preconceived notions can have on collecting data. In the case of Puffin Rock, the children’s educational show, it’s possible less effort was made in looking for acts of aggression simply because it’s not expected. Meanwhile, Sense8 purported to have high levels of action and is the type of show one doesn’t expect to have high levels of prosocial behaviors, which may have obscured these behaviors in favor of looking for acts of aggression, because the aggressive behavior was expected and
The American Behavioral Scientist, 44(12), 2252-2268. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/214769221?accountid=45049. Gray, M. (2014). The 'Standard'. The L.A. riots: 15 years after Rodney King.
Krakowiak, K. Maja, and Mary Beth Oliver. "When Good Characters Do Bad Things: Examining The Effect Of Moral Ambiguity On Enjoyment." Journal Of Communication 62.1 (2012): 117-135. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.
After completing this assignment, I am amazed on how much of a better understanding I have on these concepts. Not only am I able to connect them with situations in daily life, but even to the extent at which I can relate them to circumstances in a movie. The two topics that I chose to explore further and relate to the movie and each other were conflict and politeness theory. Not only did I realize my ability to connect such topics to fulfill this assignment, but I somehow feel that my future experiences watching movies or paying attention to others daily behaviors will be more analytical after completing this assignment.
Media has become a huge part of our lives and society by impacting our life every day, whether it be with social networking, news or television.Television has become a predominant factor today, by just checking what’s going on in the world or catching your favorite show. Many shows may not seem like there’s a broader meaning behind it, but if you look you can find one. C. Wright Mills describes the sociological imagination as the ability to see and understand the connection between individual lives and events and larger social forces. One television show that is a good example of the sociological imagination is Full House. This show is a good example because it has characters that express different views on parenting or on how to live; the sociological concepts tie well with what Danny is believing and how he views the world. Also, C. Wright Mills’ perception of this theory is how Danny is acting towards the situation he is in.
The controversy over whether or not violence portrayed on television actually affects children or not has been playing itself out for nearly three decades. When some of the first results came out in the 60s and 70s that made the first connections between aggressive behavior and viewing televised violence, the TV and movie industries denied that there was a connection. When studies found the same thing in the 80s, the FCC opposed any regulation (Hepburn). A writer for Direct Ma...
Since the beginning of social psychology, psychologist has been trying to analyze how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are impacted by aggression. When an aggressive person gets frustrated or upset, social psychologist tracks down what exactly drives them to commit crimes, atrocities, or even abuse. According to Kassin, Fein, and Markus, aggression is “behavior intended to harm another individual” (2016). Individuals who attain this trait don’t always have to physically abuse someone, aggressive attacks could be verbal, emotional, or mental as well. Although many might argue that people who are viewed as aggressive tend to harm another person because that is their only cure, however, there are alternative motives that drive aggression,
Working-class children, minority children, unpopular children and children doing poorly in school seem to be the ones more susceptible to imitating the aggression that they see on television. This may be partly because they watch more hours and are exposed to more television violence…Television may or may not contribute to their aggressive behavior, but their aggressive nature does play a major role in what they choose to watch.
In one lab study, children mirrored physical aggression immediately after exposure, thus directly illustrating social cognitive theory. This theory states that children will mirror a model’s actions in the short term, especially when the actions are rewarded rather than punished. Results in a longitudinal study show an overall increase in adult aggression when the participant was exposed television violence as a child (Martins & Wilson, 2011, p. 49-51). This study directly relates to the information processing theory, which states that the child will create his or her own scripts based on the acquired material and use the processed information in social situations. Popular television shows seemingly normalize social aggression through humor and attractive actors. Martins and Wilson have used this information to explore whether this repeated exposure to nonphysical aggression leads to mirroring and the perception that these behaviors are normal in social
manner. When people view these shows they deduce that violence is an effective way to
Bandura stated that aggression is behavior that results in personal injury or destruction of property. (Bandura, 1973) Besides, Baron stated that aggression is a behavior directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. (Baron, 1977) In overall, the common point among these three definitions is aggression is a behavior that causes harm or injury to others. Aggression can be delivering in different ways therefore, it is difficult to agree by researchers about how to describe it, explain it or isolate its component. For example, some researcher defining aggression as a type of physical action such as fighting, pushing and bullying whereas threatening speech, verbal insults and facial
There are many different definitions of aggression. Albert Bandura and his associated Dorothea and Sheila Ross researched the theory of whether children are more susceptible to acting aggressively if they see important people like parents or teachers act aggressively. There are three theories to explain why people are aggressive; biologically pre programmed to be aggressive because it is an evolutionary survival mechanism, repeated frustration or specific types of provocation, and that aggression is learned. Bandura in his “Bobo Doll Study” focused on the last theory by researching how children act when presented with an older aggressive person.
According to web site, screen violence is responsible for children’s aggressive behavior. For Ramos, the author screen, violence is a significant contributor to youth’s aggressiveness. He gives us some examples as sources for violent behavior: Jerry Springer Show, Power Rangers, Cops, and South Park. They all display different forms of violence. They are all scheduled "between 3pm and 9pm, when the audience is mostly children and teenagers. The networks are targeting children and teenagers as viewers for violent shows because this audience ensures high ratings. Ramos refers to Lily (network representative) who said that "It is ‘show business’ not, ‘show art’, we are giving to the people what they want to buy." The author thinks that the networks are more concerned by profits than education and entertainment. The excessive display of violence on TV has a negative influence on its viewers. Extensive viewing of television violence by children and teenagers causes greater aggressiveness. The author refers to Szaflik who also thinks that ‘watching a s...
The construct that is in question is the measure of aggression. Aggressiveness has been a popular disposition for study because it can be closely linked to observed behavior. An aggressive behavior has generally been defined as a behavior that is intended to injure or irritate another person (Eron, Walder,& Lefkowitz, 1971). Aggressiveness, then, is the disposition to engage frequently in behaviors that are intended to injure or irritate another person. The one difficulty this definition presents for measurement is the intentionality component. Whether or not an observed behavior injures or irritates another person can usually be determined without much difficulty, but the intention behind the behavior may be more difficult to divine, particularly when one is dealing with children. Self-reports do not solve the problem, either, as even the individual behaviour may not be aware of the intentions behind the behavior (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977).
Aggression is an intentional action aimed at doing harm or causing pain (Aronson…) and it often is classified either as physical or verbal aggression. Physical aggression is an action which will cause physical pain and injury and often include hitting, kicking… using weapons; for verbal aggression is an assault on other’s self-concept and it will likely to cause some inward or mental distress.
Furthermore, television violence causes aggressive behavior in children. Many people believe that children who watch violent television programs exhibit more aggressive behavior than that exhibited by children who do not (Kinnear 23). According to the results of many studies and reports, violence on television can lead to aggressive behavior in children (Langone 50). Also, when television was introduced into a community of children for the first time, researchers observed a rise in the level of physical and verbal aggression among these children (Langone 51). The more television violence viewed by a child, the more aggressive the child is (“Children” 1).