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Budgeting within an organization
The processes involved in budgeting
Budgeting methodology
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Recommended: Budgeting within an organization
Body Glow Company
Group B
Memo
To: -------, President of Body Glowe
From: Coochi company
Date:
Subject: Determine whether or not the company has the right management procces
The purpose
The purpose of this memo is to identify if the company has the right management process and if the budgeting process of the Body Glow Company and operates with properly. Also we have to identify the main problems of this budgeting process and give possible suggestions to overcome them.
Overview
Body Glove describes the forecasting, budgeting, and reporting processes of a small manufacturer operating in a competitive, fashion-conscious, seasonal-business. It will be necessary for you to understand the process and to suggest possible changes for both the short and long term.
For what purpose does Body Glove use its budgeting system? Which purposes are emphasized?
Body Glove used a bottom up budgeting process because their main goal was to be entirely debt free as soon as possible to increase operating flexibility, not because they needed it for obtaining lines of credit and loans. This type of budget could have the company to evaluate its own performance and motivate its manager to increase sales and efficiency of the company.
An important indicator is that the company broke the budget for each department on monthly bases, since they had a variation of products and quality products. The reason why they did this stands to the point that the company produced products in two seasons, fall and spring. The fall products had a cost of $100 dollar per unit because of the more delicate product that required higher material cost, whereas the spring products had a cost of $60 dollars per unit as they needed less costly material. All in, these clarify the fact that they used monthly bases budget.
In reasoning the use of a bottom up budgeting is that they didn’t want to base their budget on predictable goals and revenues but they thought it was more efficiently to base it in previous budgets. So base on their ordering cycle, the company was concentrated into three steps:
• Pre booking
• Building and
• Delivering
Where they used the pre booking part to show to their customers the products and by doing so, they could set the amount of products and volume they will need to produce in the future. In this case they also could get the cost per production sold to each customer and created a budget.
The budgeting process of 1991 was
John Deere Component Works (JDCW), subdivision of John Deere and Co. was in charged specifically of the manufacturing of tractor component parts. The demand for JDCW’s products had problems due to the collapse of farmland value and commodity prices. Numerous and constant failures in JDCW’s competition for bids, alerted top management to start questioning their current costing methods. As an outcome, the analysis has to be guided to research on the current costing methods with the intention of establishing legitimacy and to help the company in adopting a more appropriate costing system.
It is vital that the operating budget ties in with long-term strategies by planning, setting objects with goals, and forecasting the future. According to Mr. Wright, Robertwood Johnson University Hospital adopted the GE Model of “operation excellence” with long-term strategies with their operating budget. With the ” operations excellence” strategy, the organization has over the years transformed the operating budget by accurately tracking and constantly improving their revenue cycle yearly by setting payment practices to generate revenue to achieve specific financial objectives of greater demand with the maximum revenue margins along with eliminating waste and streamlining the budget by cutting expenses and prioritizing programs
During the year, budget performance was monitored closely. Each week’s and monthly, sales revenue performance figures were sent to Herb Stolzer by Roy Black. Roy Black also sent a monthly management report to Stolzer that included income statement highlights and a summary of key balance sheet figures and ratios. All information was provided with reference to (1) position last month (2) position this month (3) budgeted position.
Preston, AM. Cooper, DJ. Coombs, RW (1992) ‘Fabricating budgets: A study of the production of management budgeting in the NHS’, Accounting, Organisations and Society Vol 17, No 6 pp 561-93
If the company follow this recommendations, it will obtain a profit of $ 531,000 that represents $180,000 more than with seasonal production
This borrowing is not shown specifically at the beginning when it took place. Therefore, the budget can not accurately forecast financing needs. If the outflows were clustered at the beginning of the month and collections were heaviest towards the end of the month, it would understate the funds needed. In order to correct inaccuracies Alpine Wear should make a daily budget for the actual cash control. Daily cash budgets are more essential as they make sure the company has the cash on hand and loans are satisfactory enough to meet actual, daily, cash needs, not
This overall decision was based on our prices keeping up with inflation and costs of suppliers and operational cost as well as keeping our customers in mind, while in maintaining long-run relationships with predictable prices. To further boost sales, we have modernized our marketing efforts in the international markets which caused a slight increase in our fixed advertising dollars rate spent from $0.0305 to $0.0457. With a proven positive relationship between the amount of advertising dollars spent and revenues earned, we believe this was a solid based decision. In further reducing cost and improving efficiency in our supply chain, we have lowered our financial expenditures ranging from categories to telephone costs, to postage and delivery and office supplies. By using efficient strategies and harnessing technology improvements, we have improved on maintenance and repairs for example our employers improving on their learning curves and being efficient on production, which improved direct labor hours and eliminated waste on material costs. Costs have gained slightly in our SG&A for example in personnel, which went from ($92,308,951) in Budgeted Year One to ($104,496,328 in Budgeted Year Three) due to the increase in salary rates as a result of an improving economy. Another area where prices rose were the COGS rate where the price of materials increase from ($113,196,181 in forecasted budgeted year one to $134,138,652 in year three) and a more detailed breakdown can be found in the production
A company's budget serves as a guideline in planning and committing costs in order to meet tactical and strategic goals. Tactical goals such as providing budgetary costs for daily operations, and strategic objectives that include R&D, production, marketing, and distribution are all part of the budgeting process. Serving as a guideline rather than being set in stone, the budget is a snapshot of manager's "best thinking at the time it is prepared." (Marshall, 2003, p.496) The budget is a method in which to reign-in discretionary spending, and will likely show variances between what costs have been anticipated and what costs are actually incurred.
Since there is criticism towards traditional budgeting, the different approach to the traditional budget has gained its momentum. Over the years, traditional budgeting lost its relevance with the modern business world, and it no longer satisfies the needs of the managers. With new budgetary systems alternatives, it will suit better for the need of the modern business.
Participative Budgeting is the situation in which budgets are designed and set after input from subordinate managers, instead of merely being imposed. The idea behind this sort of budgeting is to assign responsibility to subordinate managers and place a form of personal ownership on the final budget. Nearly two decades of management accounting research has resulted in equivocal findings on the consequences and effects of participative budgeting (Lindquist 1995). Participative budgeting certainly has various advantages, these include the transferral of information from subordinate to superior increased job satisfaction for the subordinate, budgetary responsibility and goal congruence. Its disadvantages include budgetary slack and negative motivation, however it is the conditions in which participative budgeting takes place determines whether the budgeting process is successful. The conditions are dependent on various factors such as the level of participation, level of subordinate influence, the extent to which budgetary slack takes place, volatility, job related information, and the complexity of the budget.
Quantitative plans are called budgets. Budgets are prepared to impose cost controls on the activities of an organization (Chenhall, 1986).Budgets are then used to evaluate the performance of the management and budget itself is considered as a standard to evaluate the performance Solomon, 1956). The purpose of the budget is also to implement the strategy of the organization and communicate it to the employees of the organization Rickards (2006). The change in the external environment has led to the change in the budgeting approaches from the initial cash based budgets to the zerio based budgets (Bovaird, 2007).
We know that it was going to be expensive to produce the product but we are confident that no matter the cost of production, our sales would greatly succeed the cost. The cost of producing a 5 oz. can was about 75 to 80 cents if they can produce 100,000 per month. If we were to produce 50,000 cans per month, that cost would rise by 5 to 10 cents per can. A 10 oz. can would cost about 25% more than a 5 oz. can would to produce. With those numbers, 100,000 5 oz. cans would cost us about $900,000-$960,000 per year to produce. 50,000 5 oz. cans would cost us $750,000. 100,000 10 oz. cans would cost us $1.125M-$1.2M a year...
First, the company should introduce a systematic way of rewarding those who meet the targeted goal while presenting accurate operating budget. However, to effectively motivate Robert Manning to provide an accurate operating budget, it is necessary that the CEO offers him part ownership in the company. In order words, Robert Manning should be given an opportunity of becoming a co-owner of the company through stock options. This option will create an incentive to increase the value of the company over the long run (Heisinger & Hoyle, 2012). Another way to motive Robert Manning to provide accurate operating budget is to conduct a post audit. A post audit is a process in which the original capital budget is compared with the actual result. Now, if a manager realizes that the capital budget would be compared with the actual result, to avoid professional embarrassment, the manager will always provide accurate operating budget. These are two ways the president and CEO of SportMax can motive this
Every company has some kind of Revenue and they all have costs that are associated with running the company. It is also true that if a company wants to increase their Revenue, their costs will increase too. It is every company’s goal to maximize revenue and either through Production or Services, and minimize cost. These things are easy to figure out, but actually identifying the production and figuring out how it will increase or decrease with change is very difficult.
A budget is defined as the quantitative allocation of organizational resources for particular operations and plans for a forthcoming time. They usually serve as the financial blueprint for the company basing on its goals and objectives. Effective budgeting makes significant contributions towards enhancing the efficiency of execution of organizational functions, implying that improper budget can jeopardize the achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization. In addition, excellent budgeting processes should match the business needs of the organization. Also, excellent budgeting functions as a framework for organizational planning and control, whereby the organizational goals and objectives are represented quantitatively in financial