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The merits of budgeting
The merits of budgeting
Using budget as a planning tool
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A budget is defined as the quantitative allocation of organizational resources for particular operations and plans for a forthcoming time. They usually serve as the financial blueprint for the company basing on its goals and objectives. Effective budgeting makes significant contributions towards enhancing the efficiency of execution of organizational functions, implying that improper budget can jeopardize the achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization. In addition, excellent budgeting processes should match the business needs of the organization. Also, excellent budgeting functions as a framework for organizational planning and control, whereby the organizational goals and objectives are represented quantitatively in financial …show more content…
This means that a plan indicates what the goals and objectives of the organization at some point in the future. Organizations usually have some variables that it should control, which may include the financial resources, the production methods, human resources and organizational assets. Forecasts and planning are an important aspect of the planning process that takes into consideration the external factors affecting the business operations, which the organization has no control of. Such variables include actions undertaken by the government, the spending habits of the consumers, the interest rates and the strategies adopted by the competitors. Owing to the fact that the management of the organization is not in a capacity to influence the external factors, its planning and budgeting should be confined within the controllable variables. This implies that planning entails what the organization is going to do in relation to the variables that it has the capacity to control. The management of an organization can use excellent budgeting to aid the planning …show more content…
This implies that the people responsible for the budgeting process should take into account he values, strategies and plans of the organization. In addition, cost efficiency and effectiveness is required and that the knowledge of the resources required to generate the revenue for the strategic plans should be effectively allocated. These pre-requisites are essential when making the extensive use of human resources during the budgeting process during the planning, controlling and allocation of the organizational resources. The implication of this is that organizations should make use budgeting teams that are of an optimal size in order to eliminate the potential discrepancies when forming the
I attended the Saturday Lab 1 session discussing the Denison Specialty Hospital case study. In our session, we had a through discussion into the different budget terminology. I learned about the difference between accrual and cash accounting methods, which is based on the timing of when the revenue and expenses are recognized. I also learned about responsibility centers as an organizational unit under the supervision of a manager, who is responsible for its activities and results. In addition, the manager is accountable for the budget of the department that they head. Therefore, a centralized form of management in developing the budget because it makes easier to because the information for the department budget is located
Preston, AM. Cooper, DJ. Coombs, RW (1992) ‘Fabricating budgets: A study of the production of management budgeting in the NHS’, Accounting, Organisations and Society Vol 17, No 6 pp 561-93
Budgeting Assignment A company's budget serves as a guideline in planning and committing costs in order to meet tactical and strategic goals. Tactical goals such as providing budgetary costs for daily operations, and strategic objectives that include R&D, production, marketing, and distribution are all part of the budgeting process. Serving as a guideline rather than being set in stone, the budget is a snapshot of a manager's "best thinking at the time it is prepared." (Marshall, 2003, p.496)
Participative Budgeting is the situation in which budgets are designed and set after input from subordinate managers, instead of merely being imposed. The idea behind this sort of budgeting is to assign responsibility to subordinate managers and place a form of personal ownership on the final budget. Nearly two decades of management accounting research has resulted in equivocal findings on the consequences and effects of participative budgeting (Lindquist 1995). Participative budgeting certainly has various advantages, these include the transferral of information from subordinate to superior increased job satisfaction for the subordinate, budgetary responsibility and goal congruence. Its disadvantages include budgetary slack and negative motivation, however it is the conditions in which participative budgeting takes place determines whether the budgeting process is successful. The conditions are dependent on various factors such as the level of participation, level of subordinate influence, the extent to which budgetary slack takes place, volatility, job related information, and the complexity of the budget.
Quantitative plans are called budgets. Budgets are prepared to impose cost controls on the activities of an organization (Chenhall, 1986).Budgets are then used to evaluate the performance of the management and budget itself is considered as a standard to evaluate the performance Solomon, 1956). The purpose of the budget is also to implement the strategy of the organization and communicate it to the employees of the organization Rickards (2006). The change in the external environment has led to the change in the budgeting approaches from the initial cash based budgets to the zerio based budgets (Bovaird, 2007).
Furthermore, they must be able to investigate the future evaluating the anticipated revenue and expenses. Lastly, have the knowledge and skill to create a capital budget which includes the ability to communicate justification effectively and cost-benefit analysis (AONE,
Budget is an estimate of income and expenses for a particular period of time. It is also a projection of the financial requirements and consequences of a plan (Siegel & Yacht, 2009). There are different types of budgets, comprising of various components. Each of these components serves different purposes and are related to one another. In order to make better personal financial decisions, financial tools are required.
We will first start by looking at the planning aspect of management. Our book indicates that planning is the process of setting goals for the company, by looking at both internal and external environments, deciding which goals are the most important and need to be accomplished now, deciding what the company’s strategy will be to reach said goals, and allotting the resources needed to pursue these goals (Dr. Michael Reilly, 2011).
Planning can be used to help the organization map out a way to efficiently achieve their goals. The beginning of the planning process should include analyzing of the current situation. From this information the company can determine the goals and start to outline the steps that need to be taken to ensure that the goal will be met. Other planning activities that should be completed are determining the company’s objectives and were they want to be in the future. This will help them to choose their business objectives and strategies. In addition, the company should look at the resources that they have available and determine if they are sufficient to achieve the organizations goals.
Budget is combining your income and expenses to decide how much money you are going to spend on an item. Budget is an important step to determine your financial health and financial stability. It’s an important financial tool because it can help plan for expenses, cut cost were unneeded, save for future goals, plan for emergencies that occur inexpediently, and list what you are spending and saving.
Capital budgeting is one of the primary activities of a company. Most of the company uses capital budgeting for decision making process of selecting and evaluating long-term investment. The company have to make a right decision with respect to investment in fixed asset such as purchasing of new equipment and delivery vehicles, constructing additions to buildings and many more. The decision must be right because of the project involve huge amount of cash outflow and it is committed for many years.
The national budget is the main instrument through which governments collect resources from the economy, in a sufficient and appropriate manner; and allocate and use those resources responsively, efficiently and effectively (Todorovic & Djordjevic, 2009). The work of public budget has increased extremely more complicated, abstruse and worrying (Hou, 2006, p.730).
It requires an adequate and sound organizational structure, that is, there must be a definite assignment of responsibility for each function of the enterprise. Budgeting compels all the members of management, from the top to bottom to participate in the establishment of goals and plans. Budgeting compels departmental managers to make plans in harmony with the other departments and of the entire enterprise. Budgeting helps the management to put down in figures what is necessary for a satisfactory performance. Budgeting helps the management to plan for the most economical use of labor, material and capital. Budgeting tends to remove the cloud of uncertainty that exists in many organizations, especially among lower levels of management, relative to basic policies and objectives. Budgeting promotes an understanding among members of management of their co-workers' problems. Budgeting force management to give adequate attention to the effects of general business conditions. Budgeting aids in obtaining bank credit as banks commonly require a projection of future operations and cash flows to support
The first function of management is planning. Planning is a process that managers use to identify and involve goal setting and decide the best way to achieve the goal.(Bartol 2007) Planning connect the gap between where we do, where we intend to go. It predict the possible things to happen which would not otherwise happen (MSG 2012). There are several steps to the planning process, which are determine the goals of the organisation, evaluate the current position, consider possible future conditions, identify possible alternative actions and choose the best. Planning is the criteria thinking through goals and making decision to achieve the goal of the organisation’s objective, which requires a systematic way. Also objectives focus the managers how to achieve the final result as managers have to predict anything will happen, avoid the problem and fight back to competitors. An example of planning, which is the President Canon Inc Tsuneji Uchida and lead Canon Company become the no.1 in the global business (Canon.Inc 2011). Tsuneji Uchida has to understand what is the company objective and goal. First, make decision to protect the position and the aim of canon, improve the operation more diversity. Second, he creates the new design of camera and new technology, he plan to do these things to maximise profit.
Performance budgeting encompasses the causal relationship among program funding and the probable results of that program and uses this information as a means to develop an actual budget. A major focal point of performance budgeting is accountability; this type of budgeting is often utilized by administrators to obtain cost efficiency and establish useful budget forecasting.