Silkworms don’t exhibit the territorialism and cannibalism as seen with spiders, and hence, can be cultivated in mass. This method of cultivating silk is less expensive to scale up the products, and the hosts are naturally equipped to spin silk fibers, hence less work is needed to process the assembled fibers. One requirement of this method of production is that silkworms still produce endogenous silk proteins, thus the resulting product is actually a combination of both silkworm and spider silk fibers. On the other hand the composite fibers have been shown to be tougher than the parental silkworm fibers, and as tough as the native dragline silk fibers. Another down fall is the low level of incorporation of chimeric spider silk fibers in the …show more content…
The vector used was a plasmid, and it contained regulatory sequences, to promote the transcription of the gene, a His-tag, to aid in purification of the protein, as well as the spider silk gene sequence. This specific spider silk gene sequence results in proteins which are really high in glycine. Thus, to ensure efficient silk protein production, the glycyl-tRNA pool was elevated by inserting a second compatible plasmid into the bacteria, which effectively resulted in over expression of the glycyl-tRNA. 7.1.2 Artificial synthesis of spider silk Injecting the spidroins in appropriate hosts like bacteria, plants or mammals seems to be attractive from an environmental point of view as recombinant spidroins correspond to renewable feedstock. On the other hand, based on the host selected, it also has several environmental consequences such as water and energy consumption, agricultural land or rearing requirements and need of physical or chemical treatments of the wastes and by-products to prevent health hazards (pathogenic, toxic or allergenic contamination). In order to artificially synthesize spider silk into fibres, there are two areas that has to be
The first step of the experiment was ligation, and the objective was to insert EGFP cDNA into a restriction cut pET41a(+) vector to obtain a recombinant plasmid that would express green fluorescent gene. pET41a(+) was the choice of vector to ligate the EGFP into. Its structural design and genomic sequential properties render it especially well-suited for cloning and high-level expression of peptide sequences. This 5933 bp circular vector contains a built in sequence for Kanamayacin resistance gene. “Rooting of non-transgenic shoots was completely inhibited in all culture media containing kanamycin” (Montserrat, et. al., 2001). This allowed the growth of recombinant and non-recombinant colonies of E. coli, all of which contained the vector insert.
Figure 2 shows the results of the electrophoresis. Lanes 5 and 7 indicate the fragments obtained when the plasmids are digested with both restriction enzymes, indicating the approximate fragment size for the hlyA gene, the pK184 plasmid and the pBluescript plasmid. This is useful for identifying the recombinant DNA needed for this experiment
The purpose of this experiment is to identify an unknown insert DNA by using plasmid DNA as a vector to duplicate the unknown insert DNA. The bacteria will then be transformed by having it take in the plasmid DNA, which will allow us to identify our unknown insert as either the cat gene or the kan gene.
A Comparison of the Chemical Structures and Production Methods of Silk and Artificial Silk Abstract Despite their seemingly similar exteriors, the chemical structures and production methods of natural silk and the artificial silks, rayon and nylon are quite different. Silk yarn, extracted from the.. from the cocoon of the Bombyx mori moth, is made up of fibroin molecules with beta-pleated. sheet of secondary structures. The fibroin molecules consist of crystalline fibers constructed of regularly paralleled, unfolded polypeptide chains of polyglycylalanine mixed with an amorphous. part.
The aim of this experiment was to isolate cDNA molecule CIH-1 (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum CIH1 gene) that is contained in vector pBK-CMV and transfer it into cloning vector pUC19. This was attempted by conducting a restriction digest of vectors pUC19 and pBk-CMV containing CIH-1, using restriction endonucleases Xba1 and EcoR1 and the characterization of recombinant plasmids.
Modern biotechnology was born at the hands of American scientists Herb Boyer and Stain Cohen, when they developed “recombinant deoxyribonucleotide, (rDNA), [1] for medicinal purposes. Subsequently, biotechnologists started genetically engineering agricultural plants using this technology. A single gene responsible for a certain trait, from one organism (usually a bacterium) is selected altered and then ‘spliced” into the DNA of a plant to create an agricultural crop consisting of that...
Besides this spider-web also represent the fragilely and delicate of
Pigments produced by microorganisms has been used to dye fabrics of different types. Talaromyces verruculosus produce a red colored pigment which is suitable to dye cotton and is harmless. Pigments from microorganisms give different types of shades of a color. For instance; Janthinobacterium lividum produce a pigment which gives purplish-blue shade to different types of fabrics. Thermomyces produce a yellow pigment used to dye number of fabrics specifically silk. NP2 and NP$ strains of Streptomyces produce dark blue and red colored pigments. Among retaining dye of microbial strains cotton fabric were stained comparatively weak while acrylic and polyamide fibers stained strongly.
Mao Dun, author of "Spring Silkworms", was a twentieth century Chinese novelist, critic, organizer, editor, and advocate for Chinese Communism. According to David Wang, Mao Dun was one of the most versatile Chinese literati among the May Fourth generation. Mao Dun was an advocate and practitioner of European naturalism. Motivated by history and politics, Mao Dun has introduced western literary ideas to China in his novels. As a left wing writer Mao Dun focuses on the peasant's point of view and relies on his depiction of reality to evoke change. A good example of this style of writing is the story "Spring Silkworms".
Norman, Jeremy. From Cave Paintings to the Internet, "Lombe's Silk Throwing Mill: The First Factory." Last modified 2013. Accessed December 7, 2013. http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=3734.
In this method, living spores which are resistant to whichever sterilizing agent is being tested are prepared in either a self contained system, such as dry sp...
It forms from the outer skeleton of insects and crusta-ceans like lobster, crabs, and shrimp [26]. In chitin, the compound structure which is like cel-lulose, every monomer having one hydroxyl grouping which is substituted with an acetyl amine gathering (Figure 2). The extraction of chitin followed by a deproteinization (removal of proteins) which involves the removal of an acid calcium carbonate (demineralization), done mostly through the hot reaction with HCl, HNO3 etc., This step generally achieved by alkaline treatments (e.g. With NaOH) [27]. Chitin has an extremely well-arranged crystalline structure in its extracted crude form which is shining, strong and quite tough. But it has low reactivity and poor
Cotton grows from cotton plants and they can be used to make food or products. It is a soft, white substance used to make fabrics, thread, and garments. Cotton is among the most common and comfortable fabric used to produce clothing. Oil can be obtained from cotton seeds. It can be crushed for oil and the remaining plant is mulched. The linters are used to make products, such as cotton balls. Approximately 30 types of bugs can destroy cotton plants. If they are not controlled, it can cause genuine harm. The
Green Packaging: Nano fibres can be constructed from organic corn or lobster shells and are both antimicrobial and biodegradable.
The main problem which was needed to overcome was the selection of the fabric. Due to sustainable principle, I tried best to find the most sustainable fabrics; however, it was full of challenge. 100% silk organza, 100% silk taffeta and 100% Merino wool which were essential in my project were hard to discover in the fabric market in the UK. After consideration, I decided to order these expensive fabrics from China and finally sorted out the problem.