Pigments produced by microorganisms has been used to dye fabrics of different types. Talaromyces verruculosus produce a red colored pigment which is suitable to dye cotton and is harmless. Pigments from microorganisms give different types of shades of a color. For instance; Janthinobacterium lividum produce a pigment which gives purplish-blue shade to different types of fabrics. Thermomyces produce a yellow pigment used to dye number of fabrics specifically silk. NP2 and NP$ strains of Streptomyces produce dark blue and red colored pigments. Among retaining dye of microbial strains cotton fabric were stained comparatively weak while acrylic and polyamide fibers stained strongly. Red, orange and yellow colors can be taken from Monascus sp. By providing the conditions accordingly. These pigments can be used to in coloration of beer, meat, cheese, fish and meat along with their application in giving color to printer ink, drugs, cosmetics and fabric dyeing. Beside their antimicrobial, antioxidant activity they are effective against cholesterol. By adjusting mode of fermentation and factors for growth (pH, temperature, oxygen …show more content…
Cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorder etc are these diseases. Microbial pigments have antioxidant activity because of their biological functions.and these pigments are Carotenoid ,naphthaquinone,and Violacein. Bacterial pigment plays role as antioxidant by inhibiting photodynamic lipid peroxidation in liposome and give protection against photodamage (Rajagopal et al. 1997).Xanthomonadin is example of this bacterial pigment. Yellow pigment from Staphylococcus aureus which is called as staphyloxanthin.it prevents CCl4 induced oxidative stress in swissalbino mice(Kurjogietal.2010).Pateletal. (2007) were successful in producing Naphthaquinone pigment(an antioxidant pigment) from Comamonas testosteroniand and telling its protective role against superoxide free
S.marcescens is viable enough to flourish on standard media with the production of a pigment, which characteristically ranges from a red to a dark pink shade. Through its pathway of synthesis, Prodigiosin is formed as an alkaloid secondary metabolite with a linear tripyrrole chemical structure (figure 1), (Samrot et al, 2011). Secondary metabolites are natural products and also by-products of metabolism.(Vaishnav and Demain, 2011).
Bacteria play a large role in our health, the environment, and most aspects of life. They can be used in beneficial ways, such as decomposing wastes, enhancing fertilizer for crops, and breaking down of substances that our bodies cannot. However, many bacteria can also be very harmful by causing disease. Understanding how to identify bacteria has numerous applications and is incredibly important for anyone planning to enter the medical field or begin a career in research. Having the background knowledge of identifying an unknown bacteria may one day aid healthcare professionals diagnose their patient with a particular bacterial infection or help researchers determine various clinical, agricultural, and numerous other uses for bacteria.
PURPOSE: The purpose of the experiment is to determine the specific types of pigments found in water-soluble marker pens by using paper chromatography and water as a solvent.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in one of any seven genes. This genetic mutation is an autosomal recessive trait. This disease was discovered in 1874 by Hebra and Kaposi. People with this disease cannot have direct exposure to sunlight, or blisters on the skin may occur. There are only about 250 people in the world with this disease.
Experiment #3: The purpose of this experiment to test the chromatography of plant pigments the alcohol test strip test will be used.
Introduction Within the cells of a beetroot plant, a pigment is held within the vacuole of a beetroot cell, this pigment gives the beetroot its red/purple colour. If a cell is damaged or ruptured in a beetroot and the cell surface membrane ruptures, the pigment 'drains' from the cells like a dye. It is this distinction that can be employed to test which conditions may affect the integrity of the cell surface membrane. The pigments are actually betalain pigments, named after the red beetroot (beta vulgaris) it breaks down at about 60ºC. They replace anthocyanins in plants.
Phenolic acids are secondary plant metabolites widely distributed in foods, especially fruits and vegetables. In recent years, phenolic acids have attracted a lot of attention because they exist ubiquitously in plants and play protective roles. Phenolic acids possess interesting biological properties, (Beilin, Stocker, & Croft, 1997) that render them interesting to study. They are widespread in crops such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, grains, and seeds and derived foods such as juices, wines, and oils, (Graf, Ameho, Dolnokowski, Milbuty, Chen, & Blumberg, 2006). Phenolic compounds play a key role in thwarting the negative impacts of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species (ROS/RNS), maintaining the redox homeostasis of biological fluids and preventing conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and other degenerative pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, (Shahrzad & Bitsch, 1998).
To understand the human gut health and aetiology, the first step is to understand the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora and its distribution through the digestive system [2]. The human GI tract is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms, which together is known as the microbiota [5]. These microorganisms come from both archeal and bacterial domains. Bacteria are the predominant kingdom of organisms and it is composed mainly by five bacterial phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia [3]. The great majority of mammalian gut microbiota belongs to the three phyla: the Gram-negative anaerobe Bacteroidetes, the Gram-positive Actinobacteria and Firmicutes [5].
The t-shirts and polos lost their colors at first wash, stitches were pulling apart and contrast colors staining main colors.
...dependent on the conversion of yellow tetrazolium bromide to its purple formazan derivative by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in viable cells [34].
Forensic analysis of dyed textile fibers. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009Aug; 394(8):2009-18. Epub 2009 Jun 20.
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
Many, many things that we wear, sleep on, sleep under, walk on, or utilize in wound-care, etc., contain some percentage of cotton. It is a fiber that is used everyday, by everyone, in one way or another. It has qualities that have made it a choice crop for centuries around the world. Today though, cotton is being largely displaced by synthetic fibers that have qualities that exceed the natural crop plant. These fibers can also be mass-produced and sold at relatively lower costs.
The original colour of soybean protein fibre is light yellow just like tussah silk. It can be dyed by using acid dyestuff and active dyestuff especially the latter that makes the product have fine colour and luster, perspiration fastness good light resistance and. Differ with silk products, soybean protein fibre product resolves the contradiction between fine colour and worse colourfastness .
Having very pale and white skin is a dream for some people, but there are others that experience being born with their pale-colored skin due to a medical condition called albinism. What you need to know about albinism Albinism is caused by the lack of a usual color pigment in our body that is responsible for producing a sufficient amount of melanin – the chemical responsible for making our skin darker and more protected against harmful UV rays in the sunlight. Albinism can affect a person regardless of their race and gender and will cause either an extremely pale color of the eyes and skin coupled with white hair (oculoctaneous) or, in some cases, a greater coloration of the hair, eyes, and skin. Aside from possible problems in their eyesight and a different pigmentation of their