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Case study acl injury of sportsperson in afl
Case study acl injury of sportsperson in afl
Case study acl injury of sportsperson in afl
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Summary of Balance board training: prevention of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities in female soccer players?
A prospective randomized intervention study tested if balance board training could reduce lower extremity injuries in female soccer players. With soccer being the world’s most popular sport, the experimenters developed a training program for female soccer players to reduce lower extremity injuries, since previous studies tested male soccer players. Lower extremity injuries such as ACL tears or ankle sprains are extremely common in soccer players. Therefore, K. Soderman, S. Werner, T. Pietila, B. Engstrom and H. Alfredson developed the study, “Balance board training: prevention of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities in female soccer players?” 221 female soccer players from second and third Swedish divisions volunteered for Soderman, Werner, Pietila, Engstrom, and Alfredson’s (2000)
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Findings from this study contradicts Caraffa, Cerulli, Projetti, Aisa, and Rizzo’s (1996) study which found that balance training significantly reduced ACL injuries in male soccer players. Intervention groups showed improvement for non-dominant leg with extended knee balance, however that was the only change seen throughout the study in both groups. No significant difference was found for balance and postural sway of the lower extremities for both groups. Results showed that the intervention group had a major injury rate compared to the control group. However, difference in injury rate was determined to not be related with balance board training by having a separate study. Even though there were drop outs during the study, it was not enough to affect the detection of reduction in injury. It can be concluded that one season of balance board training did not reduce lower extremity injuries in female soccer
The incidence and prevalence rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes continues to increase over time (Prodromos, Han, Rogowski, Joyce, & Shi, 2007). With the growing rate in the amount of young women participating in sports, data has shown that the rate of ACL injury increases linearly with this participation ("The Relationship Between Static Posture and ACL Injury in Female Athletes," 1996). This epidemic of ACL injuries in female athletes, young or old, continues to be problematic in the athletic world. This problem not only affects the athlete themselves, but also the coaches and the sports medicine community.
Tearing the ACL is now considered an epidemic in the United States over 100,000 recorded incidences are reported each year (Moeller). While such a finding may be good for orthopedic doctors and surgeons, this is not good for millions of athletes’ competing these days in high intensity sports. This is especially a problem for female athletes who are two to four times more likely to tear their ACL than men (Moeller). This is one of the biggest mysteries about ACL tears is the difference between the number of injuries seen in women and men. Women tend to tear there ACL far more frequently then men. While not everyone agrees that gender itself is the source of the problem, evidence is growing that females are learning too late that participating in sports can also become the first step to ruining an active lifestyle.
The most common knee injury in sports is damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) through tears or sprains. “They occur in high demand sports that involve planting and cutting, jumping with a poor landing, and stopping immediately or changing directions” (University of Colorado Hospital). The ACL is a ligament that runs diagonally in the middle of the knee and found at the front of the patellar bone. Its function involves controlling the back and forth motion of the knee, preventing the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, and providing rational stability to the knee. Interestingly, women are more prone to ACL injuries than men. The occurrence is four to six times greater in female athletes.
A 16 year old, female high school soccer player, Lindsey Robinson tore her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from a soccer game. Interestingly, she was not the only one in her team who injured her ACL, but also several of her teammates have torn the same ligament as well during the soccer season. Lephart (2002) found that women involved in physical activity are more susceptible to acquire the ACL injuries than men who are involved in the same physical activity (as cited in Ogden, 2002). According to “ACL Injury Prevention” (2004), the numbers on female ACL ruptures have been increased for the past ten year. Over 1.4 million women have been suffered from the ACL rupture which is twice the rate of the previous decade. Therefore, female ACL injuries are now a growing problem in the nation (Anonymous, 2004). Back in 1950s and 1960s, female participation in sports was rare; therefore, the rate of injuries was very low. However, according to “ACL Injuries and Female Athletes” (n.d), as Title IX was implemented in 1972, female participation in numerous sports has dramatically increased. Moreover, the rate of acquiring injuries to the ACL also has dramatically increased (Anonymous, n.d). In terms of comparing the rate of acquiring ACL injuries between two genders, females have higher rate than males do. According to the “Physical Therapy Corner” (2007), “women suffered anterior cruciate ligament injuries more often than men, nearly 4 times as often in basketball, 3 times as often in gymnastics, and nearly 2 and a half times as often in soccer” (Knee Injuries section, para.1). There are various risk factors that contribute to the high rate of acquiring injuries to the ACL for female athletes. External factors such as improper sh...
Lees, A., & Nolan, L. (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(3), 211-234.
Ankle injuries rank as the most common injury in athletics today, and compared to men, women basketball players are 25 % to 60% more susceptible to spraining their ankles. The article began by hypothesizing that this rate is so high in women, because ankle-strength is due to an inversion-eversion muscle strength ratio that is associated with ankle injuries. And past experiments have proven that women, on average, have less muscle strength at the ankle than men. It was stated that this experiment was conducted for three reasons; “ Nonweight bearing studies tend to underestimate inversion and eversion strengths, no studies of inversion or eversion strengths have been reported in women’s ankles bearing full body weight, and there are no sex comparisons of inversion and eversion strength in the ankle.” Also, they wanted to see if there was a relation between ankle strength and shoe type. The experimenters tested the strength in the degree of the inward and outward motion of the ankle, and if shoe height would affect ankle strength development. They took twenty young women that were relatively the same height and weight and normally wore a size 8 shoe. The women were then scaled from 0 to10, based on self-reported habitual physical activity. Zero denoted inactivity and ten denoted sports at the Division I collegiate level. The data shows that the women’s active range was measured with a goniometer. Their ankle strength in dorsiflexion-plantarflexion and inversion-eversion was tested by using an isokenetic dyanometer, and other strength tests. The results showed that both shoe height and ankle plantar flexion did not affect eversion movement development. Which meant that eversion strength was not affected by shoe type. This data was then compared to another experiment that used the same methods but was tested on males and found that there are no significant sex differences, and found that in young healthy adults that ankle strength is proportional to body size.
Anterior knee pain plagues the athletic community, the most common being runner’s knee or patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). One point or another in an athlete’s career they have experienced this kind of pain. When comparing between male and female athletes and who has the higher chance of knee pain, female athletes have a higher prevalence than male athletes (Dolak KL). There are several different mechanisms of patellofemoral pain a few being: pes planus,an increased Q angle, weak, tight or an imbalance in the quadriceps or hip muscles. Recently in my clinic site as the spring sports such as, baseball, soccer and track and field the athlete’s perform a lot of squatting, running, and kneeling which load the patellofemoral joint. We are now starting to see several and treat several athletes with patellofemoral knee pain. Each of them experiencing the pain from a different mechanism. As an athletic trainer we want to treat not only the symptoms, but the mechanism of injury to prevent further injuries down the road. If patellofemoral pain syndrome is not properly treated it can develop into chronic diseases such as chondromalacia or arthritis, maybe eventually leading to a total knee plan. (Lee SE) Treatment while the athletes are young and symptoms aren’t severe is key to preventing further injury.
The number of girls and women participating in all levels of sports has risen greatly in recent years, and the way they play has changed too. Women's sports used to be played by a slow defensive style. Today, the sports are played with speed, precision, and power. With these changes have come increased injuries, and female athletes have higher injury rates than men in many sports. Knee injuries have been rising in female sports. Anterior crutiate ligament (ACL) injuries have become the most common injury in the knee to female athletes. Females are four times more susceptible to injury then men.
Donna A. Lopiano “Modern Hisory of Women In Sports” Clinics in Sports Medicine19.2 (2000): 163-173. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 April. 2000.
The sheer energy of a gymnast alone can be felt by audiences of all ages, but what the spectators lack the ability to feel is the pounding of the bodies that bear the impact of the athletes in action. Gymnastics consists of a mixture of acrobatic performances of four different events for females, and six different events for males (Gianoulis 1). Gymnastics is demanding in a multitude of ways, including: physically, emotionally and mentally. It requires countless hours of dedication. The concerns of most gymnasts are moving up to the next level, or getting a more advanced skill, while the concerns of the doctors, coaches, and parents revolve mostly around the athlete’s health, which is put at stake for the adored yet dangerous sport. Injuries are common among both male and female gymnast alike, but due to the fact a female gymnast’s career peaks at the same time of major growth and development, a female gymnast’s body as a whole is more likely to undergo lifelong changes or affects (Gianoulis 2). Among the injuries of the mind blowing athletes, the most common ones affect the ankles, feet, lower back, wrist, and hands of individuals (Prevention and Treatment 1). From sprains, to the breaks, the intriguing sport of gymnastics is physically demanding on a gymnast’s body.
During the football emergency activity I felt prepared to perform the skills of spine boarding. I have been educated on these skills in CPR class, and just recently reviewed them in athletic training practicum. Last year I was fortunate enough to get the experience of working with Football. During my football rotation we practiced spine boarding every single weak to keep are skills very inefficient. When it comes to a high contact sport such as football efficiency and quickness are necessities. Practicing these skills every week allowed each student to perform stabilizing of the head.
“Biomechanics is the study of human motion. The study of biomechanics is important when determining what causes injuries and therefore how we can prevent them re-occurring” (Miller, J. 2012). By using this analysis we can use a number of biomechanical principles related to physical activities such as; force, momentum, balance, projectile motion levers and air resistance. “Newton’s three laws of motion help us to understand how we can make movement more efficient, allowing us to detect and correct errors in performance” (Amezdroz, Dickens, Hosford, Stewart & Davis, 2011). The human body contains many levers made up of bones and muscle. “Understanding how the mechanics of these levers work allows the athlete to optimise efficiency of movement” (Hede, Russell & Weatherby, 2011). The angle and height
The third study is called “The Effect of Wrist Guard Use on Upper-Extremity Injuries in Snowboarders” by Hagel, Pless, and Goulet (2005). The purpose of this study was to determine how effective using a wrist guard is in preventing upper extremity (wrist and forearm) injuries on snowboarders. The study included 19 of the largest ski areas in Quebec, Canada between 2001-2002 during the ski season. A prospective case control study design was used. A case was defined as a person who filled out and Accident Report Form for an injury between the hand to the forearm or the elbow to the shoulder. A control was defined as a snowboarder who reported getting a non-upper extremity injury. All these reports were sent to the Montreal Children’s Hospital who then sent an email to the injured participants and asked them about if they used a wrist guard and potential confounding factors such as age, sex, ability, experience, lessons, education, and previous head or neck injury. They also asked about
We have millions of athletes of all ages in our country today and it is important to find out what is best for them to optimize their performance and prevent injury. According to the CDC more than 2.6 million children aged 0-19 years old are treated each year for sports and recreation related injuries. If even some of these injuries could be prevented by stretching before an athletic event, it is worth doing research on such a topic. Conducting a research study on track athletes aged 14-22 years old who specialize in sprinting, we then can apply what we have learned here to other sports that involve sprinting. By studying track athletes sprinting performance after carrying out different types of stretches, we can determine whether dynamic stretching is really beneficial to the athlete. This type of research can help us keep m...
... of the three menopausal stages experienced some bone loss, but the athletes were shown to have higher bone masses. The femoral neck was strengthened due to the different impact loadings on the area. The athletic training and history of volleyball players were a benefit to the bone mass and structure because there was not much loss or detrimental effects of these areas. The preconditioning of the athletes aided in how the bone structure would be affected by the different loading modalities. Like that of the bone structure of the nonathletic referents that were observed in the studies, bone structures at first could be severely affected by the high-impact and odd-impact loadings of volleyball. But, as athletes become used to the various loadings on different parts of their bodies, positive correlations between the loadings and the bone structure and mass occur.