Bakersfield Police Hypothesis

The study conducted help illustrate the Bakersfield resident’s perception of the Bakersfield Police. By administering, a survey on a sample group of one-hundred residents within Bakersfield city limits provided the necessary background need to develop ten hypotheses. The results for the ten hypotheses is discussed in detail below. Each hypothesis were run to demonstrate whether there was a statistical significance between the two variables. All hypothesis were translated using an adjusted standardized residual of + or – 1.96. By using an adjusted residual the groups illustrated where the majority of the relationship was concentrated.

The first hypothesis which stated, there is a relationship between sex and the Bakersfield Police uses of excessive force was tested against the alpha level .05. According to the chi-square tests graph the cells had, a 25% expected count of less than five. This revealed that the test to follow was the likelihood ratio because the percentage was above 20. The likelihood ratio had a value count of 10.709, a degree of freedom of three and a p-value

of .013. This p-value revealed that the null hypothesis〖(H〗_o) had to be rejected as it was below the alpha value of .05. Rejecting the H_o lead me to analyze the symmetric measures table, which illustrated the strength of the relationship of the hypothesis. In order to choose the correct association the size of the graph was determined to be 2x4. This size coincided with the Cramer’s v test. The test showed a value of .302 with a p-value of .028. This revealed that there was a weak statistical significance between sex and the Bakersfield Police use of excessive force.
The secondly, in order to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject it was based on the second hypothesis. The hypothesis stated there is a relationship between the media coverage of the Bakersfield Police and the amount of respect I have for the police. The test determined that I had to reject the null hypothesis (H_o) based on the alpha value of .05. I was able to determine this fact by looking at the cells percentage, which revealed that it had a 50%, expected count of less than five. This determined that since the expected count was above 20% I had to follow the likelihood ratio test, which revealed a value of 30.5, a degree of freedom of nine and a asymptotic significance, p-value, of .000. Furthermore, since the graph was a 4x4 table the contingency coefficient illustrated the best way to determine the association between the two variables. The value used was .469 and a p-value of .001, which showed that a weak statistical significance between the media coverage of the Bakersfield Police and the amount of respect the residents have for the Bakersfield Police Department, was present.
The third hypothesis states, there is a relationship between race and the likelihood of being a victim of a crime while living in Bakersfield. This hypothesis disclosed cells with a 40.0% expected count of less than five. Since the percentage was over 20% of the expected count, the test that was a better representation of the data was the likelihood ratio. This test showed a value of 11.171 with a degree of freedom of four and a p-value of .025 because the p-value was below the alpha value of .05 I rejected the null hypothesis. In addition, test I needed to use next was Cramer’s v because the graph was a 2x5. Cramer’s v had a value of .318 and the p-value was .039. Therefore, the test results showed that there was a weak statistical significance between race and the relationship of being a victim of a crime.
There is a relationship between the levels of satisfaction with the police response time and the belief that police have a positive relationship with the community was the fourth hypothesis. The hypothesis was interpreted by basing the information on the alpha value of .05. This p-value helped determine whether to fail to reject or reject the null hypothesis. The chi-square table determine that because the cells have a 0.0% expected count less than five the likelihood ratio was used. The likelihood ratio revealed that based on the value of 12.238, the degree of freedom of three and the p-value of .007 the null hypothesis had to be rejected. The test also revealed that because the graph was a 2x4 Cramer’s v would indicate the statistical significance. Cramer’s v displayed a value of .345 and a p-value of .008. These numbers showed that there was a weak relationship between the levels of satisfaction with the police response time and the police positive relationship with the community. Using an adjusted standardized residual of + or – 1.96 determine where the strength was acquired based on the actual count and the expected count.
Hypothesis 5 stated that there is a relationship between sex and having an encounter with the Bakersfield Police. The alpha level used to determine either to fail to reject or reject the null hypothesis was .05. The test revealed that there was cells with a 0.0% and an expected count less than 5. The graph, which was a 2x2, was represented by the continuity correction. The continuity correction value was 7.126 and had a degree of freedom of one with a p-value of .008. The p-value of .008 determine that the null hypothesis had to be rejected. In addition, since the graph was a 2x2 the symmetric measures that were used to determine the statistical significance was Phi. The Phi test had a value of .287 and a p-value of .004. Based on the p-value of .004 the relationship between sex and having an encounter with the Bakersfield Police was weak.
The sixth hypothesis, which read as follow, there is a relationship between race and the likelihood of calling the police when there, is a problem. The hypothesis was run against the alpha value of .05. This would determine if the hypothesis should be rejected or fail to reject. Based on the test 50.0% of the cells had an expected count of less than 5. Because, the cells count was greater than 20% likelihood ratio was used. The likelihood ratio had a value of 21.803, a degree of freedom of 12 and a p-value of .040. Based on the p-value of .040 the null hypothesis was rejected. Next, the symmetric measures used was Cramer’s v because the graph was 4x5. The Cramer’s v test had a value of .273 and a p-value of .003. The test showed that there was a weak statistical significance between race and the likelihood of calling the police when there is a problem.
The seventh hypothesis stated that there is a relationship between ethnicity and the belief that the Bakersfield Police treats all residents fairly regardless of race.

The alpha value used was .05. The test showed that there were 62.5% of the cells had an expected count less than 5. Since the percentage was larger than 20%, likelihood ratio showed a value of 22.937, a degree of freedom of 9 and a p-value of .006. The p-value of .006 and which is smaller than .05 required the null hypothesis was rejected. We were able to determine if there was a statistical significance between ethnicity and the belief that the Bakersfield Police treats all resident fairly regardless of race. This was achieved by using the contingency coefficient sine the graph was 4x4. The contingency coefficient had a value of .406 and a p-value of .020. The p-value revealed that there was a weak statistical

significance.
Hypothesis eight stated that there is a relationship between race and the belief that Bakersfield Police are more likely to stop minority drivers. The alpha value used was .05. The cells had a 50% expected count less than 5. Since the percentage was, more than 20% the likelihood ratio was used. The value of the likelihood ratio was 20.875. It had a degree of freedom of 12 and a p-value of .052. Based on the p-value of .052 the null hypothesis was rejected. Since the graph is a 5x4 Cramer’s v was used. The Cramer’s v had a value of .241 and a p-value of .133. The statistical significance was determined to be weak.
The ninth hypothesis which was phrased as, there is a relationship between the public’s level of satisfaction with the Bakersfield Police and the Bakersfield Police respect of the residents of Bakersfield. The alpha value use was .05. This test had a 4.8% cells expected count less than 5. Therefore, the likelihood ratio was evaluated to determine the value. It had a value of 36.633 and a p-value of .000. The p-value of .00 determine that the null hypothesis had to be rejected. Since the graph was a 4x4 table, the contingency coefficient was used. The contingency coefficient value of .731 and p value was .000. Therefore, there was a weak statistical significance between the relationship of the two variables.
The last hypothesis tested was the relationship between the Bakersfield Police Department keeping crime rates down and the levels of satisfaction with the presence of the Bakersfield Police in the neighborhood. The alpha value of .05 set the level of comparison to either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. The test had a 33.3% expected count less than 5. By using this percentage, the likelihood ratio was selected. The likelihood ratio had a value of 17.628 and a p-value of .007. In addition, since the graph was 3x4 Cramer’s v was selected. The Cramer’s v value was .282 and it had a p-value of .014. This showed that there was a weak statistical significant between both variables.
The ten hypothesis help illustrate the public’s perception of the Bakersfield Police. These tests determine that the best course of action was to reject each null hypothesis. By rejecting the null hypothesis based on the alpha level of .05, we were able to determine that there was a weak statistical significance. Yet, the level of significance determined that a person’s belief regarding the Bakersfield Police was influenced by other outside factors.