Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
An essay on the various sampling methods
An essay on the various sampling methods
Advantages and disadvantages of non probability sampling techniques
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: An essay on the various sampling methods
Conducting research is an important part of growing logical thinking in order to answer questions involving human interactions. Furthermore, offer an understanding of the dynamics of day-to-day life in the modern world. As a result, it is necessary to practice proper sampling methods to conduct effective researches. Therefore, when designing a study to measure public opinion regarding police use of force, using quota sampling would be the logical choice to use for this study. Referring back to class discussion, this non-probability sampling method, in particular, takes on people to divide them into groups in order to fill in quotas. One of the reasons why a researcher would choose quota sampling is that it allows that person to sample a smaller group that would add interest to their study such as race, sex, etc. The second reason is that this type of sampling is ideal if the study aims to investigate specifics such as traits or characteristics of a certain subgroup. Furthermore, the third reason is that researchers have the ability to control the number of participants in each quota. Considering those three reasons, quota sampling would be great with this study seeking to measure public opinion regarding police use of force. It would enhance this study by adding the different perspectives from adolescent and of age, males and females in the African-American and the Caucasian community. Overall, this non-probability sampling method would combine diversity and significance in this study. The study would be great at comparing potential different opinions and give insight to these communities’ experiences with police exercising their power in or against their favor.
As mentioned before, adolescent and of age, males and females subject...
... middle of paper ...
...on it should collected by those who do not have link to the study. Investigators choosing people who are complete familiar or against the topic would provide skew data.
In conclusion, when conducting research, a researcher needs to consider an effective sampling method and their potential sampling population. Research on a certain topic draws attention to exposing theories, exploring various issues, and building knowledge. Considering those important factors about research, regarding doing a study measuring public opinion about police use of force, utilizing quota sampling is the best choice. Quota sampling adds interest to a study, allows observation of relationships between different subgroups and control over the number of participants in each quota. In addition, simple random sampling, allows each individual to be chosen by chance and eliminate systematic bias.
Two sampling methods include mail surveys and convenience sampling, a variation of a nonprobability sample. Mail surveys, inexpensive way to contact individuals over a large geographical area, provide anonymity to the respondent, and eliminate interview bias. Convenience sampling, a nonprobability sample, the only criteria is the convenience of the unit to the researcher, fast and uncomplicated, but the sampling error not determined.
The judicial system in America has always endured much skepticism as to whether or not there is racial profiling amongst arrests. The stop and frisk policy of the NYPD has caused much controversy and publicity since being applied because of the clear racial disparity in stops. Now the question remains; Are cops being racially biased when choosing whom to stop or are they just targeting “high crime” neighborhoods, thus choosing minorities by default? This paper will examine the history behind stop and frisk policies. Along with referenced facts about the Stop and Frisk Policy, this paper will include and discuss methods and findings of my own personal field research.
Some policy supporters argued that the strategy reduce crime rate even though there are no empirical data to support their claim. This policy shed a light on the negative perception that community has regarding community policing. I chose the second article “An analysis of the new york city police department 's 'stop-and-frisk ' policy in the context of claims of racial bias” by Gelman Fagan & Kiss (2007) would assist me because it dealt with racial bias in community policing and its shows how certain minorities groups are racially profiled through the process of ‘stop-and frisk.’ My topic focuses on community policing and this policy will give an argued to know the route of the distrust communities has towards law enforcement
For this paper there are many current events in the united states and across the world that directly correlate with my literature I am reviewing. What I was chosen to research, or what my research question ended up being was. In what situation can a police officer use lethal or deadly force. There are many variables and situational characteristics that play into how police officers handle high risk violent encounters. for instance, some variables could be how the police officer was trained, public attitudes towards police officers, psychological makeup of the police officer, previous or current behaviors of the police officer, the police officer current mental state, also previous incidents with police officers having to use lethal or deadly force. This topic is very challenging because there is not as much
This article was on research or study on police brutality using the conflict theory and analysis. In this article, the research is tested by using the number of threatening acts and citizens depended by the number of complaints filed to the U.S. Department on police violence. The research helps to test the measurement of minority threats connecting with criminal control. Inside this article shows a table with civil rights criminal complaints, which are positively affected by the city population. The hypothesis of the threats resulted consistently with the measurements of threatening people.
...ects of their study before presenting it to an IBR to be certain it does protect the particpants' rights of respect, beneficience, and justice. Research is an important component of medical advancement; but only if it is performed in an ethical way following all requirements and regulations.
Ridgeway, G. (2007). Analysis of Racial Disparities in the New York Police Department's Stop, Question, and Frisk Practices . Santa Monica: Rand Corporation.
One discriminating practice used by police officers is racial profiling. This is the police practice of stopping, questioning, and searching potential criminal suspects in vehicles or on the street based solely on their racial appearance (Human Rights Watch, 2000). This type of profiling has contributed to racially disproportionate drug arrests, as well as, arrests for other crimes. It makes sense that the more individuals police stop, question and search, the more people they will find with reason for arrest. So, if the majority of these types of stop and frisk searches are done on a certain race then it makes sense that tha...
Many people claim that racism no longer exists; however, the minorities’ struggle with injustice is ubiquitous. Since there is a mass incarceration of African Americans, it is believed that African Americans are the cause of the severe increase of crimes. This belief has been sent out implicitly by the ruling class through the media. The media send out coded messages that are framed in abstract neutral language that play on white resentment that targets minorities. Disproportionate arrest is the result of racial disparities in the criminal justice system rather than disproportion in offenders. The disparities in the sentencing procedure are ascribed to racial discrimination. Because police officers are also biased, people of color are more likely to be investigated than whites. Police officers practice racial profiling to arrest African Americans under situations when they would not arrest white suspects, and they are more likely to stop African Americans and see them as suspicious (Alexander 150-176). In the “Anything Can Happen With Police Around”: Urban Youth Evaluate Strategies of Surveillance in Public Places,” Michelle Fine and her comrades were inspired to conduct a survey over one of the major social issues - how authority figures use a person’s racial identity as a key factor in determining how to enforce laws and how the surveillance is problematic in public space. Fine believes it is critical to draw attention to the reality in why African Americans are being arrested at a much higher rate. This article reflects the ongoing racial issue by focusing on the injustice in treatment by police officers and the youth of color who are victims. This article is successful in being persuasive about the ongoing racial iss...
The study will consist of sampling of students in the criminal justice field along with any respective civilian that may come in contact with the study. The research on the subject of body-cameras and their effects on the civilians that they record seem to be mostly engaged with the idea of reducing civilian complaints and other factors involving police accountability. However, one report states that in regards to civilian opinions, “Of ...
Having a large sample size in a survey does not assure accurate statistics. What really matters is the sample diversity. For example: you wanted to find out how many of your workmates watch football, it would be foolish to only survey the men in your office and assume that the statistic applies for all the company’s employees. In order to get accurate statistics, you would have to expand the survey to include the female employees and the workers in other company offices.
Racial Profiling or stop and frisking highly occur in the state of New York. The New York City’s Police Department stop and frisk practices raise serious concerns over racial profiling, privacy rights, and illegal stops. The police are stopping hundreds of thousands of law abiding New Yorkers every year, and the vast 84 percent of the stops are black and Latino. People say that stop and frisks are reasonable because they help reduce crime and protect citizens, but stop and frisks do not reduce crime rates and do not keep people safer. There has never been a research that has proven the effectiveness of New York City’s stop and frisk tactic, and the small number of arrests, summonses, and guns recovered demonstrates that the practice is ineffective. Crime Statistics also do not support the claim that New York City is safer because of...
One of the most controversial issues today is the act of racial profiling. The most common form is direct, meaning victims are directly profiled, usually by the police. In this form, individual officers act on racial stereotypes against racial minorities, especially African Americans. Recent studies in New Jersey and Illinois have confirmed that minorities are disproportionately targeted by police officers, although minorities are almost helpless in reporting ‘color of law’ attacks. It is their word against a legal official and, in most cases, the minority victim does not receive justification because the officers are cleared of charges. Out of nearly 10,000 color of law complaints received each year by the Department of Justice, only about thirty police officers are actually prosecuted. According to a June 1999 study done by the American Civil Liberties Union, many states have denied that racial profiling occurs despite overwhelming evidence supporting it. The public wants to believe that police officers are doing their jobs righteously by protecting and serving; however, according to the study, most Americans can recognize the difference between racism and assertive, effective policing.
According to O’Brien (1985) The Uniform Crime Reporting system (UCR) was developed in the 1920’s in order to create a system that would report crime uniformly across the many different jurisdictions in the United States. For the purpose of this paper I am going to discuss the debate between the relationships of the overrepresentation of minorities in crime statics and if the results are biased based on race. There is a debate regarding the accuracy of the statistics provided by official data resources such as UCR and NIBRS in regards to racial disparities. The fact that racial or social class bias does have an impact on what crimes are reported and the neighborhoods that have the highest police presence does lead inevitably to an overrepresentation of minorities when viewing crime statics as quantitative data points. Official data leads you to believe that a criminal in the United States can be described as being urban, lower class, African American male between the ages of 13 and 20 years old (Feldmeyer, Lecture 1/15/2014). Why is this information important? I believe it leads to bias in the way neighborhoods are policed, the way police stop and search vehicles, the people that police view as being “suspects” and are subjugated to stop and frisk. I also believe that this stereotype plays a part into the sort of people that are reported for being or acting “suspicious”. This can impact that perceived description of the offender when a victim is filling out a police report. All factors help lead to establish some sort of bias that inevitably can lead to disproportionate representation of minorities in UCR statistical data.
Protests around the world have taken place to fight for justice in the black community. The immense number of deaths of unarmed black men and women is a clear sign that they are more likely to be killed by police than white people. Physical violence and excessive use of force by the U.S. police towards African Americans are seen in the news regularly. “People, including police officers, hold strong implicit associations between blacks, and probably Hispanics, and weapons, crime and aggression," said Jack Glaser. Police brutality statistics show that African Americans are three times more likely to be murdered by cops than any other race. Racial disparity in the United States is a coherent reason for the increase of criminal injustice in the United