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The effects of divorce on children
The effects of divorce on children
Do different parenting styles affect the psychological development
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Middle childhood is a transitional phase from early childhood to adolescent and it ranges from 6-12 years of age. In this age children’s encounter psychosocial difficulties which lead to adverse outcomes through their interrelations with parents, peers and sibling. Firstly parents negatively influence the psychosocial domain through unbalanced parenting styles and family structure changes from unpleasant events like divorce, and low social economic status. Secondly peer rejection, peer pressure and how it negatively impacts the psychosocial development of an 8 years old children. Lastly how the dominating relationship with siblings and how the position within the family negatively impacts the psychosocial domain of an 8-year-old child. …show more content…
As they lack in having a healthy authoritative parenting style. Hoffnung (2013) notes that parental monitoring is essential for optimal socio-emotional development of the child and provides constant motivation for the child to achieve. However, it becomes less frequent and less direct as the child gets older because of the parenting style. Frontini, Moreira and Canavarro (2015, pp. 1011-1023) noted that this contribute to poor emotional adjustment of the child and encounter higher level of negative emotions and decreased quality of life. The child negative behaviour for example hyperactivity are resorted from the maladaptive strategies where harsh parenting discipline and rejection resulted them to have low self-esteem, loss of knowing self and feel the emotion of inferiority. Inadequate parental monitoring is found to be associated with poor adjustment to unpleasant …show more content…
In middle childhood Bock, Galloway and Hund (2014) study of Paige cognitive theory outlined the importance of peers as they provide support to the child to move from ego centralism to developing empathetic skills. But through rejection the child won’t be able to develop as the child becomes isolated. In parallel to this in spite of potentially being accepting the pressure peers place on the child effects the psychological health of the child as anxiety and depressions develop. Irene and Steve (2013) Study noted that victims of peer pressure and rejection had higher chance in not being able to adjust to psychosocial problems and in result found feeling powerless, unsafe and excluded. In addition Shimla (2016) Erikson psychosocial theory industry vs inferiority supports this claim because it notes that isolated children in result have lower aspiration and lower participation in peer activities. For example, sporting teams which is an essential for psychosocial and physical development of the child. In consequence leads to the child having low self-esteem and develop the emotion of being inferior over their peers. In relation to that in Austrians (2008 pp 45-50) Freud psychological theory outlines that the child won’t be able to go through a healthy latency period as they endure in limited ground view of self-sense. In result negatively impact the 8 year old child
Middle Childhood is a distinct period of development where a child develops physically, cognitively and social-emotionally. Between the school years of 3 and 7, children begin to gain an understanding of themselves in comparison to others, learn large amounts of information, manage their behaviour and also develop self-concepts and self-esteem. (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010.)
Webster’s Dictionary defines diversity as, “the quality or state of having many different forms, types, ideas, etc.” Although most people associate diversity with race gender or social class, it also applies to the styles a family chooses to raise their children. Throughout many different cultures around the world, we find many an array of styles in which parents raise their children. Though one culture might looks at another’s style of raising children as abusive, merciful, manic, or rudimental, these vast differences play a key roll in the success of the children that will go on to mold the worlds societies after we pass. Authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved parenting is three of many parenting techniques guardians embrace to raise their
Families mold, intentionally or not, their children into little reflections of themselves. School, thru peer pressure, thru the various academic and social clubs, and thru the imaginary audience, serves to enhance the socialization process begun at home.
As a parent, structure and rules are good for your kid. But just like anything else in life, too much of anything-even the good things- is not good. Having too many rules or harsh consequences can do more harm than good to certain problems in your child.
Theorists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and Lawrence Kohlberg have studied and documented information about the stages of childhood development. The three main stages of childhood development are early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Each stage contains developmental behaviors and characteristics of different age groups. However, the childhood development stage that this paper is focus on is the middle childhood stage. During this phase in a child’s life, they go through a variety of changes. Such changes include; physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes. According to this course text, HDEV (2010), middle childhood comprises children between the ages of 6 to 12 years. In addition, in relation to the information that is presented in this text about the
"When my kids become wild and unruly, I use a nice, safe playpen. When they’re finished, I climb out.” – Erma Bombeck. Early childhood is the most rapid period of development in a human life. Although individual children develop at their own pace, all children progress through an identifiable sequence of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and change. A child who is ready for school has a combination of positive characteristics: he or she is socially and emotionally healthy, confident and friendly; has good peer relationships; tackles challenging tasks and persists with them; has good language skills and communicates well; and listens to instructions and is attentive (World Bank 1). The interactive influences of genes and experience literally shape the architecture of the developing brain and the most important ingredient is the nature of a child’s engagement in the relationship with his or her parents (Bales 1). The parenting style of a mother or father has a strong and direct impact on the sequence of development through which the child progresses on the way to becoming a physically, mentally and emotionally healthy individual.
Sibling position which was developed by William Toman, in which Bowen looks at whether a child is the oldest (Leadership) youngest (follower) and how sibling position is linked into family dynamics and parental relationships.
While they may begin early childhood with the belief that morality is relative and can depend on what is important to the individual, they transition to the belief that moral behavior is dependent on the individual being a good person and having strong relationships with other individuals (Hutchison, 2015, pg. 187). As children at this age develop better ways of identifying and coping with difficult emotions, they are also more likely to experience difficult emotions like depression and grief. These can be caused by a number of factors and if they are not actively nurtured and supported by their environment, such emotions can lead to the child experiencing delays in their emotional development (Hutchison, 2015, pgs. 190-191). In the social worlds of these children, bullying can become an important issue both physically and emotionally. The child’s ability to cope with bullying is often dependent on their communal and familial connections. Furthermore, their community itself may play a role in decreasing incidences of bullying or allowing an environment where bullying can fester (Hutchison, 2015, pg. 193). The Hutchison (2015) chapter conveys many of the challenges and risks associated with middle childhood that social workers may encounter when working with this
Children in middle childhood are growing psychosocially at a quick rate. During middle childhood they become industrious, develop a self-concept, and learn how to be friends, amongst other things.
Middle childhood, is a very exciting time for young children from the ages of seven to twelve years old. It’s known as the school year and new social and cognitive traits are being learned at home and at school. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory found this to be the latent cycle period in which no much happens. He described this because children at this age sexual and aggressive urges are repressed ("Stages of Growth Development," 1898-1987). This paper will also discuss the changes from middle childhood to adolescence, the affects of parents and peers, and the affects they have on developing children.
This paper will explore the strict parenting whether it has positive effects or negative effects on children. Before I begin my discussion, I want to ask you a question. How do you define an authoritarian parent? In response to this question, you can think about someone who has a complete control over his or her children. According to Kendra Cherry, the author of “What Is Authoritarian Parenting?”, she explains that, “Authoritarian Parenting is a style characterized by high demands and low responsiveness.” In this sentence, authoritarian parenting, also known as helicopter parenting, is parents who force their children to follow their needs without any explanations, so their children must be under their regulations even though children do not
Young adolescents can be described as ages 10-15 years old, but it is also considered that adolescence continues until the age of 25. During this time in an adolescent’s life there are many internal and external factors that affect the development of each individual. The influence that an adolescent’s peers, parents, and community have on them can be conflicting and therefore cause stress. Trying to meet the expectations of others during a time where one is going through so many forms of physical, psychological, and cognitive development can be trying for a middle school aged student. They are expected to focus on their education and the expectation of other outside influences while their bodies are growing and developing into an adult body. When development happens differently for these kids it can affect their psychological development if they focus too much on how fast, or slow they are developing in comparison to their peers. Some adolescents may let their peers influence their behaviors creating a problem with how they interact with others, or how they view themselves as a person. The middle school is a place where students are guided through these developmental experiences with the help of their peers, teachers, administrators, parents and community.
Influence plays a major role in their overall development. Promoting social and emotional skills and intervening in cases of difficulty very early in life will be effective for promoting positive experiences among children. Peers play important roles in children’s lives at much earlier points in development. Experiences in the beginning of life have implications for children’s acceptance by their classmates in nursery school and the later school years. When I was in the fourth grade a really wanted to be accepted by people around me. I would switch my friends a lot looking for people’s approval. For example, if I was friends with a girl on Tuesday but I heard someone say she was weird I would abandon the friendship in order to gain peer approval. Early friendships and positive relations with peer groups appear to protect children against later psychological
kids who experience low self-esteem are children who are most times withdrawn or shy, and find it hard to have fun, which might sometime not hinder them from having a wide circle of friends, but they most times yield to peer pressure, because they are weak and helpless, they give in to being bullied all the time. The fear of failure stop them from trying something new and different, as they rather give up half way or even end before they start. The successful children are those who can cope better with frustrations and challenges, and this help they achieve a better and stronger self-esteem. Every child is special, children respond to different environments in different ways. Some children can be emotionally (innate) some conditions. A Strong child undergo negative and harmful experiences, without allowing these experiences damage their self-esteem or emotional development. These tough children experience the type of bullying amongst their peer group and do not give in to this experience or allow it have any has negatively effect on
Parents and their parenting style play an important role in the development of their child. In fact, many child experts suggest that parenting style can affect a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological development which influence not just their childhood years, but it will also extend throughout their adult life. This is because a child’s development takes place through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchanges that surround him or her. And since parents are generally a fixed presence in a child’s life, they will likely have a significant part on the child’s positive or negative development (Gur 25).