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Formal assessment vs informal assessment
Essay on what is an assessment
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Assessment is one of those words that have multiple meanings, but for this purpose, it is a process that evaluates what the learner knows, understand and how they utilized the obtained knowledge. Assessment can be formative or summative. Formative assessments are those evaluations that are administered at the beginning or during the program. However, this form of testing allows for the monitoring of learning progress during instruction. Summative, on the other hand, is of a comprehensive nature and is given at the end of a course or unit of instruction. This form of assessment is used to evaluate mastery or/and assign grades. Also, assessment is not limited to the school environment; it is utilized in the professional arena as well.
Assessments can be valuable tools when used correctly. Here in the Bahamas, like any other part of the world, assessments are administered in the both the professional and educational departments. The question remains, are the tools being administered correctly and are the results being used for the right purpose. Accords to texts on assessments, their roles are to examine to what degree the learning outcome has been achieved. Therefore, there should be some indicators as to where attention should be focused in order to obtain the desired results. Take for example the BGCSE, for years the results have indicated that a vast number of students have not mastered the information being assessed by this examination. This sends a clear warning that there is a need for an intervention that will bring about a change in the recurrent results. This gives some evidence that results from the BGCSE is not being used to find strategies that can aid in more positive outcomes.
Diagnostic Tests
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National Academies. (2014). Creating a Coordinated System of Education In. Retrieved from THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6296&page=56
Schoen, H. L., & Ansley, T. N. (n.d.). Iowa Algebra Aptitude Test™ (IAAT™), Fifth Edition. Retrieved from Houghton Nifflin Harcourt Riverside: http://www.riverpub.com/products/iaat/
U. S. Department of Education. (2014, January 29). NAEP Subject Area. Retrieved from National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP): http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subjectareas.aspx
What Is Assessment? (n.d.). Retrieved from UCONN.
Woodcock, R. W., Muñoz-Sandoval, A. F., Ruef, M. L., & Alvarado, C. G. (2005). Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey®–Revised Normative Update. Retrieved from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Riverside: http://www.riverpub.com/products/wmls/index.html
Elwood, J. (2006). Formative assessment: possibilities, boundaries and limitations. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 215-232, doi:10.1080/09695940600708653
United States. National Center for Education Statistics. NAEP Data Tool v3.0. Web. 4 May 2009. .
Formative Assessment- There are a number of formative assessment that are used. The first one is the list created on the first day after reading the passage along with student participation on sharing their findings the following day on day two. Student participation in day six when sharing their papers and the write up of a peer’s paper will be used for a formative assessment. All of these are graded on accuracy and completion and will be worth five points each.
U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences. Chart. Projections of Education Statistics to 2011. U.S. Department of Education, 2001. Web. 24, August 2011.
California department of Education, K-12 California’s Common Core Content Standards for Mathematics (2010). Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://www.scoe.net/castandards/agenda/2010/math_ccs_recommendations.pdf
Assessment has been the greatest challenge in my development as a professional. My coursework as supported my growth in this area, especially in understanding the broad range of assessments used to support students’ growth and development. My courses have also supported my understanding of how ongoing observational assessment and standards-based measures can be used to inform instruction and support the cycle of observation, reflection and planning. Coursework
According to Lashway (1999) educators once saw educational reform as cyclical. Every ten years or so one could expect a public outburst followed by frantic efforts to mend a broken system. However, in the last twenty years there seems to have been a perpetual reform.
There are different methods and uses of assessment that are used in the Education system, the reason for this, is that not all assessments serve the same purpose for its methodologies, the feedback that learners receive needs to correspond with the purpose of the assessment. (Sieborger, 1998)Thus educators tend to make use of multiple assessments to establish a fair and just measurement of the learner’s capability. This essay will extensively describe and analyse the tensions between the two methods of assessment: Summative assessment and Formative assessment and further reflect on their ability to integrate.
Issue No. 1 -. 33, 32, and a. Vol. 1, No. 1 -. 1, 1973; no. 2, 1974. California State College, Sonoma, Dept. of Education. of the English language of the country. Roseman, Ellen.
"Linguistics 201: First Language Acquisition." Linguistics 201: First Language Acquisition. Western Washington University, n.d. Web. 8 Sep. 2013. .
Although somewhat vague compared to summative assessment, several key features help frame formative assessment. First, formative assessment happens while learning is taking place as opposed to at the end of content delivery. Rather, this is considered “assessment for learning,” (Chappuis, J., Stiggins, Chappuis, S., & Arter, 2012, pg. 5). The format is formal or informal, but the outcome in its use is an in-progress check of what students know and what students do not know. Chappuis, Stiggins, Chappuis, and Arter (2012) define formative assessment as, “Formal and informal processes teachers and students use to gather evidence for the purpose of improving learning,” (pg. 24). Second, this type of assessment is used to make instructional strategy adjustments. If student learning did not happen via one instructional method, the teacher must make the necessary accommodations to reteach the concept or skill. Next, it is not only used by teachers for feedback on instruction, but formative assessment is also used for providing timely, descriptive feedback to students and extends to allow for student self-assessment (Chappuis, J., Stiggins, Chappuis, S., & Arter, 2012; Popham, 2008). Formative assessment provides opportunity to provide specific feedback to students on where they are currently in their learning, and where they should be headed.
“Assessment is the process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about students’ learning. The central purpose of assessment is to provide information on student achievement and progress and set the direction for ongoing teaching and learning” (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2007, p.1). I believe an assessment strategy which best encapsulates this understanding of assessment is the portfolio. Specifically, a process portfolio provides a wealth of information about a student’s progress in literacy and not only allows a teacher to assess the learning that has taken place but also helps them to identify the areas in need of improvement. Additionally, the crucial element of the student’s self-assessment and self-reflection in the process of creating the portfolio also allows both the teacher and the student to understand the progress, strengths and weaknesses of their writing.
Through assessment students and teachers are able to determine the level of mastery a student has achieved with standards taught. Both formative and summative assessment should be purposeful and targeted to gain the most accurate data to drive further instruction (Ainsworth, 2010). While this syllabus does a good job of identifying the need for both formal and informal assessments, the way in which this is communicated does not provide enough detail for understanding. Simply listing assessment types does not give any insight into how these assessments fit in the learning process of this course. While some of the assessments mentioned could be common assessments chosen by the school or district to gain insight into the effectiveness of instruction, the inclusion of authentic assessments is most beneficial to students and demonstrates learning in a context closer to that of a work environment (Rovai, 2004). Unfortunately, this particular course, according to this syllabus, relies heavily on quizzes and traditional tests and essays to form the bulk of assessment opportunities. While other activities, such as formative assessments, journaling and discussions are mentioned as possible avenues for scoring, they are given a very low percentage of the overall grade. This shows that they are not valued for their ability to show progression and mastery. If this is indeed the case, this puts the students as a
Perhaps the most prominent form of alternative assessment in use today is the student portfolio. A portfolio can be described as a “purposeful collection of student work that exhibits the student’s efforts, progress, and achievements in one or more areas of the curriculum.” Key elements of the portfolio include evidence of students’ choosing the contents of their own portfolio, specific criteria for the selection and assessment of student work, and clear evidence that the student has reflected on his or her work (Chriest & Maher, n.d.). Portfolios have been proven an effective means of student assessment in many areas of schooling, from preschool all the way through post-graduate work. Portfolio assessment has also been rendered effective in many business settings to determine the value of an employee.
As I reflect on my past assessment process, I realized how much my assessments have changed over the years. In my early years, I used tests for informational recall as my assessments. I felt these were appropriate guidelines in which I needed to follow in order to substantiate a student’s grade. Every assignment or tests was given a point value and then based on the amount of points, a grade was given. Every student’s assessment was exactly the same, and the assessments did not contain any subjectivity. I felt confident in giving the grade based on a valid point system. However reflecting back, I see that I did not include any performance-based assessments or individual learning styles in my early assessment. I also did not take into consideration the individual needs of my students. My assessment approach was awful. I am embarrassed that I use to assess students in this manner.