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Archaeology question and answer
Archaeology question and answer
Archaeology question and answer
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Archaeology is the closest thing we have to a time machine. It is the only way we can know the unrecorded, and sometimes even the recorded, past. History may be written by the victorious, but archaeology is about the common people. There are archaeological sites ranging in age from thousands-of-years-old prehistoric habitations, to the Egyptian pyramids, to World War II military bases. As a means of obtaining knowledge about our collective past, archaeology has been unsurpassed. It is the literal and figurative digging up of the forgotten past. However, a great portion of our history has been lost to us because it lies beneath the vast depths of the ocean. Shipwrecks are the records of "moments in time" and often contain much information about people and life onboard. They encapsulate bits of history. Shipwrecks, however, are a non-renewable resource and once they are disturbed or destroyed they are gone forever. Therefore great care has to be taken to preserve these time capsules of the deep. Up until recently, the technology has not existed to properly do so. Today archaeologists are fighting back the waters by developing modern technology that allows them to analyze wrecks with much more accuracy. These advances have, in instances, provided new information that has changed our view of history and showcases the importance of archaeology for better understanding our past. A great example of this is the Swedish ship, Vasa. The Vasa ship is a very well preserved 17th century warship. For the most part, it is made from Oak. In 1628, on its first outing, the Vasa sank in Stockholm’s center. It remained there until 1956 (Ljungdahl and Berglund 279). The ship was loaded with 60 bronze guns on two complete gun decks. It was the K... ... middle of paper ... ...onal Law Journal 17.3 (1993): 667-725. Green, Jeremy. Maritime Archaeology: a Techinical Handbook. Academic Press Ltd., 1990. Lee, Jane J. "5 Shipwrecks Lost to Time That Archaeologists Would Love to Get Their Hands On." 24 March 2014. National Geographic.com. 3 May 2014. . Lewis, Tanya. "Gorgeous Decay: The Second Death of the Swedish Warship Vasa." 12 September 2012. Wired.com. 3 May 2014. . Ljungdahl, Jonas and Lars A. Berglund. "Transverse mechanical behaviour and moisture absorption of waterlogged archaeological wood from the Vasa ship." Holzforschung 61 (2007): 279-284. Singh, Hanumant, et al. "Imaging Underwater for Archaeology." Journal of Field Archaeology 27.3 (2000): 319-328.
...ts were labelled with the upper case letters which represented the material types and a numeric letter. The artifacts were placed in different boxes. The artifact analysis was then conducted and the characteristics such as tool type and material type of each artifact were recorded on the artifact catalog forms. The material samples of lithic tools, faunal remains, and ceramics remains were compare with existing artifacts to identify their material type. The Vernier scale was used for the measurements of each lithic tools.
Archaeology is a continuously evolving field where there is a constant stream of new branches and excavation methods. Due to the influx of new technologies and innovations in recent decades, archaeologists have been able to excavate previously inaccessible areas. For example, new diving equipment and tools such as proton magnetometers, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and miniature submarines have allowed archaeologists to dive into the deep depths of the ocean. As a result, the branch of underwater archaeology was created to search for shipwrecks and other artifacts on the ocean floor. Underwater archaeology’s role has increased in recent years as it allows archaeologists to more accurately interpret the past by supplementing information gained through traditional land excavations.
Titanic and the SS Maheno. The well know ship “The Titanic” now lies 3,800 m under water off the shore of Newfoundland where it sunk back in 1912 after colliding with an iceberg, the ship is now rapidly rusting and disintegrating. The SS Maheno is a major tourist attraction that lies on the east coast of Fraser Island, Australia. It was a trading ship between New Zealand and Australia from years 1905 to 1935, and also participated in World War I for the New Zealand Naval Force. The wreck was left there to disintegrate after the owners refused to pay to move it. Corrosion is ‘a chemical process by which a metal is oxidised. ’ (corrosionist.com). Iron is the only metal that rusts and occurs out of the chemical processes, oxidation and reduction. In most cases, corrosion of iron occurs when the metal is losing its electrons, this is oxidising. Another cause behind the occurrence of rusting is ‘rust eating bacteria’ at deep enough levels of the ocean. And finally, abiotic factors such as salinity, pH and oxygen levels have an impact on the rusting or shipwrecks. The last cause to be discussed is environmental effects such as salinity, pH and oxygen levels.
Since commercial shipping began on the five Great Lakes, there have Been six thousand shipwrecks. Half have never been found. There are three storms
artifacts, as shown by one of the two wooden clubs dredged from buried deposits that was found
The Titanic and the Bismarck were just two of the examples that were given for recent excavations. The article also discussed the numerous surveys of the Hamilton and Scourge that are located in Lake Ontario as well as those located in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Acoustic mapping, high-resolution video, and robots were used in the excavations of the Titanic and the Bismarck.
Review: The opportunity and endeavor of exploring the Earth’s oceans can reap great rewards for mankind and unravel many of the mysteries that the Earth has left to discover.
Grande, Lance, and John Weinstein. The Lost World of Fossil Lake: Snapshots from Deep Time. Chicago and London: U of Chicago, 2013. Print.
In this example they use mailboxs, a 90 degree bent metal tube, to find old shipwrecks. In 2013, the Schmitt family discovered treasure believed to have been aboard the Spanish ships sunk by the 1715 hurricane.. They used mailboxes to excavate holes in the sand ocean bottom."(Article 1, paragraph 8). The family found lots of treasure 15 feet under the ocean. Satillites may not be able to go underwater but they can do lots of other things than
Through out human history, we look back to the peaks of our civilization, and learn and adapt from it to build our future, and the two greatest civilizations in our human history; which were the Greeks and the Romans civilizations, that brought upon the worlds greatest minds and iconic figures who impacted our history till this day. Different eras bringing us different things but all similar to their main sequence of their civilizations. As Archeologist look back to study those times, they look at the different things these civilizations held such as the arts and how art historians have used it to understand the history and values of these cultures that produced it, and how these two Great Civilizations were so similar but so different at
SHA, and other archaeological societies, institutions, scholars and archaeologists find it hard to conduct or even to get involved in such shows that are produced for the entertaining of fans and also for gaining revenue. The Society for American Archaeology (SAA) is working on clearing-house project that will help in building public awareness about archaeology and the way it is practiced, therefore the project is seeking input from professionals and the interested public, in order to share and contribute information and
In the Lower Keys, Big Pine Key is a great, relaxed spot for diving excursions. In nearby Looe Key, the site of the freighter Adolphus Busch ship-wreck, entirely covered in coral and dating back to the mid-16th century, makes for a spectacular underwater exploration opportunity. The 210’ freighter is located inside the Florida
As it filled with water, the bow submerged, raising the stern out of water. When the stern reached an angle of about 45 degrees, the stresses in the ship's midsection (15 tons per square inch) caused the steel to fail and the bow to rip loose and sink [Gannon, 1995].
Mild steels, manganese sulfide, wrought iron are the materials used in the application of the titanic found from the researches. (References: metallurgy of the RMS titanic Tim Foecke). The steel fracture which was taken from a hull material recovered from the wreck site of the titanic had incorporative slag (a by-product of smelting) in concentration as high as 9%. But high quality rivets only contains about 2-3 %. Slags helps by preventing the iron from starching so the iron can take up the load applied in the body. At the same time slags give the character of brittleness to the iron, therefore more slag in the iron makes the iron more the brittleness which makes the iron weaker. Irons with the incorporated slags were found in stern and bows allowed the impact with iceberg even though it’s small one ...
Archaeologists are scattered across the gamut. Considering knowledge of human past is valuable to numerous academic disciplines. Varieties of archaeological application include: cultural resource management, heritage conservation, historic preservation,