It seems as though every Sociologist creates his or her own definition of Anxiety. Each definition of Anxiety being ghastly different, however, tying back to three common situations: Fear, Encounters with primary groups, secondary groups, and the public, and Anxiety towards Self-Growth. In analyzing Rollo May's "The Discovery of Being," we find that May incorporates many different definitions of these situations from other Sociologists, as well as ties in many of his own thoughts and ideas. Also at times, May disregards strongly other Sociologist's views on these situations, creating an interesting and unique view of society and Psychology. In this analysis of "The Discovery of Being," we will examine May's particular definitions and thoughts on Anxiety and Being, Anxiety and Encounter, and Anxiety and Self-Growth. Early in the book, May touches on his views of Anxiety, he discusses Anxiety as being something that does not arise from a fear of "lack of libidinal satisfactions or security," but rather out of fear of our own powers, and any pertaining conflicts. He discusses this as a present day problem, which has been significantly influenced by society and present societal goals. Libidinal satisfactions are so easily encountered in our day that it becomes hard to avoid them. The prevalent Anxiety is found upon self-reflection and our own realizations of what we actually can do, but for some reason neglect to do so. Our constant outlook to go further in society than our neighbor is tied to our Anxiety of Being and Non-Being. May looks closely at the concept of Being, and notes at one point that "Being" is a participle, also meaning in the process of "being something." An individual's Being is constantly changing throughout life, never reaching a set point. More specifically, May defines Being as an individual's pattern of potentialities. Anxiety arises when these potentialities grow harder to obtain or hidden from clear view. In modern society, man no longer holds his Sense of Being, but is looked at as a mechanism for others to succeed or save time or enjoy their libidinal satisfactions. "A man knows himself not as a man or self, but as a token seller in the subway, a grocer, a professor, a vice-president of AT&T, or by whatever his economic function may be." The point where Anxiety plays into Being is moreover in the state referred to as non-being. Non-being traditionally would be looked at as death, of which, even to this day, causes for much Anxiety. However, in today's society, non-being also refers to the state of not achieving or not meeting your potentialities. In light of this, people seek ways of avoiding any confrontation with non-being. "Perhaps the most ubiquitous and ever-present form of the failure to confront non-being in our day is in conformism, the tendency of the individual to be absorbed in the sea of collective responses and attitudes,,with the corresponding loss of his own awareness, potentialities, and whatever characterizes him as a unique and original being." The second Anxiety-plagued situation is that of Encounter with another individual. May sees encounters as a phenomenon where individuals take an extraordinary risk in forming trust bonds while determining the amount, if any, of self-disclosure the individual is willing to share. May includes several levels of encounters with which we deal with on a day-to-day basis. The first level is that of real persons, where our loneliness is subsided by interactions with nearly anyone. The second level is that of friends, of whom we trust and of whom listen and understand you. The third is esteem/agape in which you display an inner-concern for people's welfare. And the final level is simply erotic. May describes Anxiety in Encounter as arising out of anticipation and an altering of our comfortable temporary security as we are opened to another individual. There is a brief moment when we must decide how to react and interact with this person, which generally clears the way for Anxiety as to how this person will in turn react to your responses. Anxiety about the self-image arises, as self-concept begins being questioned. May notes that it is not possible in an encounter for "one person to have a feeling without the other having it to some degree also." Thus, Anxiety, when felt by one participant of the encounter, is generally felt by all other remaining participants. The final situation in which Anxiety commonly arises is within Self-Growth. May's describes every human as being centered in themselves, and centered in their respected lives. Sudden changes throw off the balance of this center and can cause much distress. However, May states that "all existing persons have the need and possibility of going out from their centeredness to participate in other beings." This is our first glimpse of Self-Growth. The Anxiety that arises in this attempted Self-Growth is found in the risk involved in straying from one's center. By no means is the amount that one strays from his center proportional to the growth that will result, but the more risks taken, or the more times he strays from the center, the more growth he should experience. Self-Growth can be viewed as a direct result of May's human awareness or Self-Consciousness. Anxiety emerges quickly when discussing Self-Consciousness, especially in the case of high school and college girls. Suddenly, a self-concept is conceived and every waking hour is spent creating the self-image. Anxiety strikes high when the image is not upheld or becomes outdated. Self-Growth also ties in with May's modern day definition of Being. The modern man who lacks the sense of being, and is only recognized for his contributions to the societal machine, leaves little room for self-growth, and yet bears so much Anxiety as a result of his non-being. In looking at May's ideas of conformity being the catalysts for non-being, self-growth becomes insignificant, and Anxiety remains fairly low. This is because one's centeredness also becomes the boundaries, not allowing for one to stray past and take the added risk involved in seeking self-growth. Anxiety is defined in Webster's Dictionary as "distress of mind; uneasiness." Although vague and bland, this definition seems to cover the variety of ways that Anxiety can creep into one's head. We looked at three different situations where Anxiety commonly arises, and in each of the situation, we returned with a new entirely unique definition. An amazing point of May's was that he claimed Anxiety changes and with it, the definition of Anxiety changes as time passes by. Societal goals change, and thus self-growth changes; mannerisms and interaction techniques change and encounter changes; personal power and libidinal satisfactions change, and so once again May's definition of Anxiety and Being must change as well. Thus, the process of studying Anxiety is a constantly changing field, yet remains a similar feeling to all who experience it, regardless of the time period. May's unique writing style and brilliant thoughts made Anxiety a remarkably easy and interesting topic to read about. Free essays
ubiquitous and constitutes the greatest psychical danger-situation known to the human organism...' (ibid.). Isabel Menzies Lyth argues that these anxieties are
Judith Guest's novel Ordinary People evinces some main principles of the modernist literary movement, such as the philosophy that modern man is beset by existential angst and alienation. According to Carl Marx, a renowned existentialist, alienation, as a result of the industrial revolution, has made modern man alienated from the product of his own labor, and has made him into a mechanical component in the system. Being a "cog in the wheel" prevents modern man from gaining a sense of internal satisfaction of intellectual and emotional pleasure. Further more, according to Sigmund Freud, there are two pleasures, work and love. Consequently, Freud would say that being disconnected from pleasure from work, half of the potential for psychological fulfillment would be lost. Modern man is suffering from alienation as a result of large institutions, and as individuals, modern man neither feels that they are part of them nor can understand them. Additionally, the existentialists say, man is shut out of history. Modern man no longer has a sense of having roots in a meaningful past nor sees himself as moving toward a meaningful future. The modern man also suffers from alienation in his relationships with other people. Since he lives life not authentically and not knowing who he is, he cannot relate to others authentically. Hence, there are no real relationships at work and there are no real relationships of love. Also, according to Sartre, modern man is absolutely not a victim of his environments, of his childhood, and the circumstances in his life. The events in life are only neutral and since modern man is free, he chooses the meanings of the facts of his life. Modern man lives in a constant state of existential angst, which is dread of the nothingness of human existence and the fact there is no underlying purpose to human existence or set of objective truths or morals by which to navigate life. According to Martin Heideggar, German existentialist philosopher, the unaware person tries to escape the reality of death by not living life to the fullest. However, death can be the most significant moment for the individual, his defining moment of personal potential, if accepted and confronted squarely will free the individual from anxiety of death.
the world in which he grew up. He became a spoilt brat, spurred on by
two families. It was unjust of him to send Romeo away from Verona as a
A widespread misconception is that a person’s “genuine” self is who he is when he is alone. I beg to differ. In fact, who that individual is when he is alone is only a portion of his "genuine" self, which leaves who he is among his peers—his superficial self —as the dominant portion of his “genuine” self because the majority of a person’s life—given he is not a hobbit—is spent around society. The superficial self begins as the unconscious part of the mind that is what some psychology enthusiasts may call the Id, where as the true self creates the foundation of the conscious mind parallel to the ego of one’s psyche. Multiple personality disorder is a result of an extreme case of the development of the Id or different drives comprising the Id as seen in Flora Schreiber’s Sybil. The preponderance of humanity either goes to school, work, or mingles with the populace almost every moment of their lives. If one’s Id is the dominating persona altogether, then the Id embodies the “genuine” nature. One who spends exuberant amounts of time portraying the Id will soon have his superficial identity encompass the ego in a swathe of deception. Thus, the ego diminishes to a mere sub-character. In short, the whole of the "genuine" self consists of both the predominant id and the ego. This theory is typified in Shakespeare’s prominent work Othello, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter, and also Tina Fey’s Mean Girls with the characters of Iago and Roger Chillingworth and Cady Herring.
In this essay, I will talk about Martin Heidegger’s existential accounts of anxiety in his book Being and Time, and how this relates to the more broad examination of the meaning of Being. In the first section, I will summarize Heidegger’s arguments, and in the second section of my paper, I will examine certain disagreements with Heidegger’s arguments.
Have you ever thought about Canada? Well I have not that much of Canada until now. Therefore I will like to know a like bit more of this country and know the place that one of my brothers favorite youtube. Also want to expand my knowledge of country because I don’t know much. So I will explain Canada’s history of there flag, food, and 21st century problem.
Futhermore, the basic self is affected by two inner guidance systems: one is the thiniking self and the other is the emotional/feeling self. At higher levels of differentiaton of basic self, people have more choice about wh...
Canada is a great country to live in because we have healthcare. When I got sick I went to the hospital and my parents did not have to pay for my visit. It explains how the healthcare helps kids like me.In Canada, health care coverage stays with you for your entire life. Free health care is available for anyone
did it in such a way that she ended up taking the wrong path and
There are two parts of the self according to George Herbert Mead’s theory which are the “I” and the “me”. The concept of the “I” is your own personal response to what society is thinking because as you’re growing you’re developing the “I”, the “I” is the self as a subject. The “me” is mainly focused on the view of society since “me” is reflecting to what you are or look like to others which the “me” is the self of an object. Even though the two parts are different and can conflict with one another, they are related because “ the behavior that still meets the “I’s” needs” (Mead 13). it is within the self, as Mead says, “that’s who we are, our actual self is the balance of both the “I” and the “me”” (Mead 2).
remaining once more from ourselves and getting to be plainly mindful of our social esteems,
My resistance towards life changes might be eventually identified as an expression of power and control. For the readers benefit, I will first touch base on Freud’s most relevant structures; describe the process by which each structure produces certain behaviors; and the process by which my particular behavior interacts with those structures. Lastly, I will critique the value of Freud’s theory by examining how helpful it was in explaining my resistance towards change.
The incorporeal nature of mental phenomena cannot be observed that excludes from being observed and measured directly. Nature of human being is specific and indeterminable. That making different in measurement as like physical objects. Unlike inanimate objects whose nature is relatively durable, psychological phenomena are colored by fleeting wants, desires, fears, and the like. Analytical approach for psychology is inappropriate because individual character has a unity that is more than the sum of its parts. And human affairs are value laden (Chow, 2002). About the complexity of social psychological research, Dennis (2011) has stated that, Psychology is not simply about learning what conclusions have been reached on a particular topic. It is perhaps more important to find out and carefully evaluate the evidence which has led to these conclusions. These phenomena are making research in social psychology challenging and
Through this original demonstration of estrangement, the principal type of which was the partition of man from God, modern awareness winds up noticeably constituted as the total division amongst self and Other. Lawrence contends that the very positing of a sense of self is a reaction to the subject's cognizance of social segregation, Once the subject never again has a "living connection with the circumambient universe," at that point the inner self ends up plainly isolated between an unadulterated subjective awareness, for which no articles exist other than the subject, and a cognizance of items and targets which have no natural or unconstrained relationship to the subject, "The minute you split into subjective and target cognizance," Lawrence contends, "at that point the entire winds up noticeably analyzable, and, in the last issue, dead. Be that as it may, insofar as there was a contention between the inventive "old Adam" and the damaging hesitant sense of self, at that point social creation was conceivable. By the mid twentieth century this imaginative damaging rationalization was not any more fit for