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Gods of ancient Greece
Gods of ancient Greece
Gods of ancient Greece
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The fundamental reasons for the creation and worship of an anthropomorphic pantheon of gods were to be extremely relevant to the everyday people, account for complexities within humanity itself, and gave ancient Greeks an illusion of control. The Greeks created their gods with the intent for them to be relatable, thus anthropomorphic. If the gods did not resemble humanity, their impact on citizens would have been limited, as humans may have failed to see the relevance to their lives. Yet, since the gods were anthropomorphic, their incorporation into lives was more effective. The stories of the gods depict many different scenarios, but nearly all demonstrate that the gods have humanoid emotions such as jealousy and anger. Both of which are the primary reasons behind Hera’s decision to hire Argus to guard the cow, Io, so that she …show more content…
For example, if weather phenomena happened randomly without any influence from the inhabitants there was a potential for the people to develop a pessimistic outlook; the drought will come no matter what, so why try? The myth of Pygmalion and Galatea shows if one displays loyalty and humility towards a god they could have their wishes granted. Pygmalion’s worship of Aphrodite granted his Galatea mortality (Morford et al., p. 196-197). Consequently, this led to the belief that if they were good, good would come, or on the other hand, if tragedy stuck it is their own fault. Still, there was potential for tragedy to be amended by the divine power of a god if they were shown reverence and humility by the individual. In essence, the Greeks created and worshiped these entities to give them hope for the future. The gods were anthropomorphic because it made them relevant to the ancient Greek society; they practiced polytheism in order to account for convoluted phenomena. All of which was to give the Greeks a mirage of control over the
From the beginning, the gods emerged from “cosmic forces” and slowly defined their individual personalities and forms, “their functions articulated in relation to each other” (Clay 105). The authority of Zeus forces the rest of the gods to keep their powers balanced by filling certain niches. In the Eumenides, Pythia begins by singing a prayer to honor the gods. Although she first honors Gaia, Pythia spends a few lines talking about Apollo and his relation to Zeus. When she calls on Zeus, she calls him “the Fulfiller, the highest god” (Aeschylus, Eumenides, p. 112, 17-19). Her approval and reverence towards Zeus is made clear immediately. Even before that, Pythia acknowledges that Apollo was “Zeus inspired” and the “spokesman of Zeus,” thus making him higher up in her hierarchy of gods (Aeschylus, Eumenides, p. 112, 17-19). Zeus is known for his many godly offspring who were all “Zeus inspired”. Along with Apollo, god of music and arts, this list also includes Athena, goddess of wisdom and war. Being made from the same cosmic forces, all of the gods developed their own strengths to fulfil certain niches (Clay 106) At the end of this individualization process, there is the “emergence of a stable, ordered, and harmonious cosmos” (Clay 106). As a result, new standards of conforming and being uniform became apparent through the
Ancient Greco society contained a vast amount of gods, demigods, and other godlike beings. Even though it was widely known what females should be like, the gods themselves did not emulate this. Hera was not obedient to Zeus. There are other contradictory goddesses: the goddess of Peace, and the goddess of War. In the time of Euripides there was a double standard.
The Greek gods were portrayed as humans, which meant that they were not perfect. That is, the gods made mistakes, felt pain (e.g. Aphrodite in love with the mortal Adonis), and succumbed to anger and their tempers (e.g.
Mythology was very important to the men and women of ancient Greece. They worshipped the gods and goddesses, wrote poems about them, and based a great deal of art work off of them. The people of Greece looked to the gods and goddesses for help in all aspects of their lives; including health, agriculture, and war. Reading about Greek mythology can inform people about the society of Greece because the Greek gods were created by the people of Greece. Three main goddesses who were worshipped by the Greeks were Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite.
In this essay, I hope to provide answers to how the actions of Hippolytus and Phaedra relate to the gods, whether or not the characters concern themselves with the reaction of the gods to their behavior, what the characters expect from the gods, how the gods treat the humans, and whether or not the gods gain anything from making the humans suffer. Before we can discuss the play, however, a few terms need to be defined. Most important would be the nature of the gods. They have divine powers, but what exactly makes the Greek gods unique should be explored. The Greek gods, since they are anthropomorphic, have many of the same characteristics as humans.
gods, each given a personality and purpose. And was the subject of many myths and legends that would be told for many generations to come. They were to become the basis for a religion that would last for hundreds of years and would yield thousands of followers to believe in the made stories of these enchanted people or gods as they were called.
When the gods are looked at as larger versions of specific facets of ourselves and our personalities the gods are fulfilling their most useful purpose- allowing us to better understand ourselves. In the same way a specialty doctor may have a model of human lungs or a gynecologist may have a model of the female reproductive system in their office it helps to have a model of what we are looking at (preferably larger, so that it can be examined closer) that we can take apart and put back together, so too have we created larger archetypal versions of the various hats we put on. The larger than life, archetypal gods and their children help us look into the different components of ourselves, so that we may better understand
Ancient Greek religion was a polytheistic religion that believed in many gods and goddesses. To Greeks, these gods and goddesses would be able to control everything. Each god or goddess had his or her own distinct personality and territory. “Greek myths explained the origins of the gods and their individual relations with mankind” (Hemingway). Unlike current religions, like Christianity and Judaism, Greek gods were not known for being moral or being truly good or evil. Many of the Greek gods and goddesses were disorganized and self-contradicting. Although this was apparent to the Greeks, the Greeks believed that their religion was to brighten their own lives, rather than give them godlike guidance. The best example of a self-contradicting Greek god is Zeus – father of all gods and humans (Cunningham and Reich 32-33).
To many ancient cultures, including the Greeks, mythology was a literal part of their histories. The Greeks in particular used myths to explain natural phenomena and many other occurrances (Greek Mythology...). The foremost way that this was done was by attributing such occurrances to either the wrath or pleasure of gods created to lord over various dominions. One of these gods revered by the Greeks was Hermes, the winged messenger of the gods.
The gods in power, like Zeus, exhibit bias, dishonor, betrayal, deception, and many other humanly characteristics. One memorable scene is when Zeus and Poseidon are in conflict with each other over the Achaens versus the Trojans. Zeus controls the battle by “lifting the famous runner Achilles’ glory higher,” (Homer 13: 404). Zeus plays both sides in this scene, acting like a double agent which is dishonorable. Zeus’s bias is prevalent throughout the poem; specifically, he is “bent on wiping out the Argives, down to the last man,” (Homer 12: 81-82). Just like mortals such as Agamemnon and Achilles view each other with suspicion and intolerance, the gods experience identical emotions of wariness, anger, and irritation. This human-like behavior is not restricted to Zeus. Later in the text, Hera lies to Aphrodite to use her powers to manipulate her own husband Zeus. If one looks at Hera as a heavenly entity, her reaction may not make sense, but when it is viewed as a manifestation of human emotion, it become almost reasonable. Her scheming response to Zeus’s meddling with the war is spurred by her support for the Trojans. Hera’s manipulation and Aphrodite’s ego don’t stand alone as examples of this divine humanity. These instances suggest that the deities are being presented in this unique way to help explain behavior of the humans in The
The gods and goddesses that the Greeks worshiped helped them to explain a lot of what they did not understand in the world around them. For example, take the story of Persephone. They could not understand the changing of the seasons, or why winter occurred with crops being unable to grow. To explain this, they came up with Persephone’s story, which was that the god of the Underworld (Hades) capturing her to have her as his queen. Demeter’s sadness at the loss of her daughter led to what would have been an eternal winter if not for a compromise that was made. The compromise entailed that Persephone would live with Hades for half of the year, and with her mother the other half. The time that she lives with Hades became known as winter, when the crops do not grow due to Demeter missing her daughter. The six months of the year that Persephone does live with Demeter is when the crops grow as a result of her happiness to be reunited with her daughter.
They too believed in different Gods, all whom symbolized and individual human quality. Zeus, the God of all God’s, earthly appointed responsibilities included being the Lord of Justice, punishing anyone who lied or broke trust. Furthermore, he was accountable for the weather conditions on earth. These weather patterns were interpreted to be a physical manifestation of Zeus’s current mood. If the weather was abysmal it was due to Zeus being displeased by mortals, and he would punish them by howling winds, rainfall, and lightning bolts. The Ancient Greek scientific understanding of weather conditions was limited; therefore supporting Feuerbach’s concept of Anthropomorphism, “understanding a non-human thing or phenomenon in human terms” . The average Greek citizen had no scientific knowledge of how or why cumulous clouds formed into dangerous thunderstorms. Thus in efforts to better understand their environment they assigned reasoning for a particular natural event to a specific humanoid
The Greeks were fascinated by the study of the human body. This led to a term known as Humanism or “the measure of all things”. This philosophy is quite evident in Greek sculpture. They believed that the human body was a temple. Even their God’s and Deities were humanized. Unlike Gods and Goddesses of past civilizations, the Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Greece “differed from human beings only in that they were immortal.” (pg 85). If you look at the classical Greek philosophers, like Thales, Pericles, and Epicurus, you'll see that their philosophies were very humanist, promoting man as the measure of all things. They took a critical view on the beliefs in gods and the supernatural, and promoted rational thinking and the use of logic to solve everyday problems. This concept of Humanism led the Greeks to create what we now call Democracy, and what we now know as the modern Olympic Games along with that of literature, science and the arts… the contributions from Ancient Greece are still felt to this day.
To begin with, the ancient Greeks explained the creation of the universe, in particular the Earth and its elements, by a system of anthropomorphism in which their gods are human-like and are representatives of these elements. For example, Zeus is the god of heaven while Hades is the underworld lord (Hesiod, p.145). Unlike the Christians’ god who is “flawless”, the ancient Greeks’ divinities are portrayed as humans and are far from perfect. Their gods behave like ordinary people except they are immortal and have supernatural powers. Like any human being, the Greeks’ gods have love, jealousy, sadness, etc. For instance, in Euripides’ Bacchae, Zeus falls in love with Semele, which makes Hera becomes jealous and tries to kill Semele and Dionysus (Euripides, p.209). The Greeks even have a physically imperfect god, Hephaestus. This is to say that the gods’ attitude toward mortals is affected by how people treat them as the Greeks’ gods have emotions like humans.
...ed was a reaction of these gods. In contrast, in modern society, a very small amount of people believe in numerous gods and that every god has a specific job or role in life. Nevertheless, the religious beliefs of the Greeks then and people in modern society are similar in a way. Both societies believe that gods are the higher power in life and that they are superior to others.